The New York Times International - 08.08.2026.pdf

被遗弃的遗产住宅在日本境外获得新生 第11页 / 国际住宅 学院风时尚进入一个摆脱文化包袱的新时代 第10页 / 时尚 法国村民在一场灾难性火灾后寻求答案 第3页 / 世界 栖息地或许能解释雏麻雀会习得哪些歌曲 第13页 / 科学实验室 柯尔森·怀特海德如何重新找回对未来的信心 第14页 / 周末 # 纽约时报 国际版 / 2026年8月8-9日，周六-周日

日元干预的原因

Eesar Prasad

观点

美国干预另一个国家的货币政策的情况很少见。这通常发生在出现危机的时候。但在最近涉及阿根廷、日本和阿联酋的案例中，这些国家都没有达到通常所需的紧急程度。在这三个案例中，特朗普政府都直接支持或提供了对其货币转换的支持。

政府为什么要这样做？毕竟，购买另一个国家的货币，甚至提供临时用美元兑换该货币（尤其是价值正在下跌的货币），似乎既昂贵又毫无意义。美国正在支撑日元，就像它支撑阿根廷比索那样。

原因并非纯粹是经济上的。这些行动并非出于善意。政府考虑到了美国的经济利益，但同时也热衷于为政策做准备并奖赏其盟友。因此，它将货币市场变成了公开促进我们不仅是经济，而且是政治和地缘政治目标的工具。

本届政府的行动表明，正如它所采取的许多其他干预措施一样，如果市场力量与其中任何一个目标相抵触，它愿意与市场力量作斗争。然而，此类干预是有极限的，金融市场可能会拥有最终决定权。

10月，政府支撑了阿根廷比索，此前比索在由特朗普总统的意识形态盟友哈维尔·米莱总统主导的关键立法选举前一直像石头一样暴跌。购买比索是有风险的，因为如果米莱先生未能执行经济改革，其价值可能会进一步暴跌，但事实证明这是一个不错的赌注。美国对比索的支持使选举向有利于米莱先生的方向转变，而此人实现了预算平衡，结束了长期的慢性公共赤字，并使公共债务进入下降轨道，从而降低了通货膨胀并稳定了比索。

PRASAD，第10页 纽约时报发表来自广泛视角的观点，希望就重大问题引发建设性的辩论。

中国AI在非洲激增

上图，乌干达的咖啡农Senor Meganzi使用由Naddad Ali（左前）开发的一套系统将作物信息翻译成当地方言。该系统的开发者Ernest Mwebase发现，来自阿里巴巴的中国AI模型在处理乌干达的多语言需求方面比Meta或谷歌的任何产品都更好。右下角为Meganzi先生的作物。

肯尼亚内罗比

作者：PAUL MADEJA, ADAM SATURKAND 和 AARON KIMLIN

当乌干达的技术开发者Ernest Mwebase在构建一个为其国家多种语言量身定制的人工智能系统时，他测试了美国和中国的工具，以观察哪一个能提供帮助。中国的赢了。来自中国互联——

在硅谷的测试中，该大陆的开发者更青睐北京更便宜的开源模型

巨头阿里巴巴处理乌干达数十种语言的能力优于 Meta 或谷歌的任何产品。姆韦巴塞先生表示，该模型价格低廉，且他可以使用自己的数据对其进行定制。“我们希望以尽可能低的成本构建产品，同时让它们运行得非常好，”曾在谷歌担任研究科学家的姆韦巴塞先生说道。他的名为 Sunflower 的系统目前在乌干达各地被使用，包括农民用它以当地方言接收天气信息和作物建议。

47 岁的姆韦巴塞先生是过去一年中转向中国 AI 模型的数千名非洲开发者之一。在肯尼亚，创业者正利用这些模型来简化法律和商业服务。2025 年 10 月 10 日由访客从 www.smh.com 下载。在尼日利亚，他们制作了教授高中生的教育工具。在加纳，开发者正在构建本地聊天机器人。

随着人们寻求成本最低且性能最佳的系统，中国的 AI 正在迅速崛起，尤其是在发展中国家。与美国领先的 AI 公司 OpenAI 和 Antifragis 制作的封闭且收费的模型不同，中国系统可以免费下载和修改，无需付费或批准。

非洲，第 8 页

特朗普加入被德黑兰难住的前任领导人之列

新闻分析：数十年来，历任总统都试图与伊朗达成协议，但均未成功 作者：迈克尔·克隆利（MICHAEL CRONLEY）

特朗普总统周一愤怒地声称，伊朗在与美国的交易中表现得“令人难以置信地狡诈”，这仅仅是他努力理解德黑兰对手所面临的困境的最新迹象。特朗普先生认为自己是操纵和利用对手的大师。但伊朗的领导人让他感到困惑。“他们所做的一切就是让我生气，”他正确地重复道。“他们就是让我生气。”

特朗普先生无法与伊朗达成有利协议，不仅在厌战的选民中影响了他的政治地位，而且围绕关键战争路径的持续冲突导致油价波动，损害了美国消费者和全球经济的利益。

特朗普先生绝非首位在解读伊朗方面感到吃力的美国总统。自该国 1970 年伊斯兰革命以来，他的每一任前任都试图瓦解伊朗的权力结构和政治领导层的思维方式。大多数人都未能成功，有些则遭受了沉重打击。一个罕见的例外是巴拉克·奥巴马总统，他 2015 年与伊朗签署的核协议是为期 20 个月的外交努力的结果。尽管共和党人和一些民主党人批评伊朗通过伪装温和诱使伊朗签署了一份有缺陷的协议，但奥巴马先生将其视为一项重大成就。

但前中央情报局（CIA）分析师、国家安全委员会官员、研究伊朗数十年的肯尼思·波洛克（Kenneth Pollock）表示，特朗普先生可能是“最不了解伊朗领导层”的总统。波洛克先生说：“在许多方面，特朗普代表了美国对伊朗挫败感的缩影。他既是最渴望与伊朗达成协议的人，也是对伊朗使用武力最多的人。他发现这两者都没有让他得到想要的结果。”

特朗普先生经常表现得好像只要有人帮忙就能快速达成协议。在 2 月 28 日的一场行动导致伊朗执政近 40 年的最高领袖阿里·哈齐姆（Ali Khazeeem）死亡后，特朗普先生呼吁伊朗人民起来……

第 4 页。

在欧盟机场，五小时的排队和含泪的沮丧

在布拉格国际机场的护照检查处使用电子闸机。在欧盟内部的许多机场，这些闸机无法工作或尚未启用。

布鲁塞尔

非公民新生物识别边境系统首次启用后引发旅行混乱 作者：JEANNA SMALLER 和 BORA RYCKEWALDT

迪内特·萨勒（Dinnert Saller）从南非出发旅行了 23 小时后抵达布鲁塞尔，结果面对的是一个令人生畏的景象，而这对于出入欧盟的外国旅客来说已变得过于普遍。护照检查处排起了长长的队伍，几乎没有移动。39 岁的萨勒女士表示，她在那个区域站了 5 小时 15 分钟。当时仅有 6 个边境安检亭开放，据她估计，里面的工作人员处理了大约 1,000 人。由于等待时间太长，租车公司将她预订的车辆给了他人，她不得不为另一辆车多支付约 $740。她说：“有些人坐在地板上，队伍移动时他们才勉强撑起身体。”她在社交媒体上发布了一段视频，展示了布鲁塞尔入境大厅闪烁灯光下沮丧的人群。

不仅是布鲁塞尔。在里斯本，排队时间最高达到了 6 小时。在阿姆斯特丹，42.36 表示其旅客在高峰时段错过航班的概率是平时的两倍。在整个欧洲，旅客们一直在抱怨假期被延误和商务旅行的混乱。所有人都将矛头指向同一个罪魁祸首：欧洲新的生物识别边境系统，该系统旨在通过采集指纹和面部扫描来更好地追踪旅客——并拦截不合格的公民。事实上，它成功地将他们全部卷入了混乱。旅客和大部分旅游业者都感到愤怒，一名 Equator 负责人谴责欧盟的“官僚主义愚蠢”。尽管欧盟官员将矛头指向机场人员配置和物流方面已存在的问题，但乌尔苏拉·冯（Ursula von）……

P.E., 第 7 页

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2 / 周六-周日，2026 年 8 月 8-9 日 纽约时报国际版

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9, 2026

她在社交媒体上与癌症共存

悉尼·汤利 (SYDNEY TOMLE) 1995-2026 作者：凯瑟琳·布尚 (KATHERINE BUSHAN)

悉尼·汤利 (Sydney Towle) 是一位社交媒体回忆录作者，她在挑战 TikTok 上关于癌症患者应该如何外在呈现和生活的刻板印象时，将痛苦、乐观和未竟的旅途渴望融合在一起。她于周三在马里兰州贝塞斯达的国家卫生研究院去世。她 26. 岁。她的社交媒体频道宣布，她死于转移性胆管癌的并发症。几天前，她的家人表示她已进入医院接受护理。

2023, 年，刚从新罕布什尔州达特茅斯学院毕业的汤利女士住在洛杉矶——从事一份电影办公室营销工作，并在网上发布自拍和舞蹈趋势视频——当时她腹部的一个肿块和灼热感让她就诊于紧急护理中心。不久之后，她被诊断出患有胆管癌，这是一种胆管罕见癌症。

汤利女士将自己作为一名患癌年轻女性的新生活转化成了内容。对于一个增长到超过一百万粉丝的受众群体，她制作了视频，展示自己浸在脂质液中，分享她的心跳，并与母亲一起用冰袋包裹头部以帮助防止化疗导致脱发。她以对生活的渴望面对致命疾病的残酷，在与疾病搏斗的同时追求丰富的体验。她接受了切除胆囊和部分肝脏的手术——一旦获得医生的许可，她便开启了一场欧洲独自冒险之旅。

在这一切过程中，她一直在记录并发布。作为一名影响力人物，她的重心转向说服广大受众重新审视文化中对重病患者的假设。“她敏锐地意识到分享自己的生活如何能帮助他人，并利用这一点来促进人们对患癌年轻人的理解、研究资金的重要性以及活在当下的美好，”胆管癌基金会首席患者官梅索兹·博丁 (Methods Bodin) 在一次采访中表示。

在汤利女士去年发布的一段视频中，她分享了自己的经历，屏幕上出现了一段大量文字：“去买一品脱 Ben & Jerry's 冰淇淋，看一部你最喜欢的电影，记住生活是美好的，虽然有时会发生糟糕的事情，但这并不意味着这就是糟糕的人生。”

在她身上，人们看到了癌症新兴面孔的新写照：比预想的更年轻，女性，尽管诊断结果极其糟糕但相当乐观，并且能够在治疗和住院期间积极渴望开启生活体验。

在“癌症谈话”（CancerTalk）社区的许多其他人中，汤利女士成功地将生活方式内容（如“跟我一起准备”和时尚“穿搭”）与来自病房的报道融合在一起，在那里她可能在晚上 10 点通过，并用一首欢快的嘻哈歌曲对抗揭露病情的威胁。但她也发布了关于在大多数同龄人建立生活的同时，自己却在为生存而战的沉思独白。

期间，她在一段忧郁的帖子中解释道，这并不容易。“当你最近在做的事情是慢性地走向死亡时，”她在一段视频中说，“你该如何就你最近的近况进行闲聊？”

2016, 年秋天，在肝脏癌症复发后，汤利女士搬到纽约市在纪念斯隆-凯特林癌症中心 (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) 接受治疗。她用一段视频记录了这一反应，视频中她伴随着泰勒·斯威夫特 (Taylor Swift) 的《Welcome to New York》在城市街道上愉快地跳舞。

但就在汤利女士逐渐康复时，一个在线追踪小组在第一时间成立，其明确目的是对她的在线帖子进行解剖——包括她的措辞、情绪、服装、头发和患病迹象。“悉尼·汤利的癌症故事让你觉得有什么不对劲的地方吗？”其中一名最高产的发帖者写道。

“我们有精力、医学分析、事实核查和讨论，”这位匿名发布者补充道，并敦促人们“加入对话，告诉我们你是如何找到我们的，以及为什么你可能会有疑虑。”在揭露他们所称极有可能是一个巨大骗局的执念下，Buddy的发布者们质疑了Towle女士在网上分享的医学细节，寻找阴谋的伪造“证据”并监视她的每一个举动。有些人联系了她曾合作过的大量品牌，试图诋毁她。有人甚至使用匿名电子邮件账户标记了她的医疗服务提供者。“简直觉得就在这里审判她，”一名评论者写道。Towle女士被指控和骚扰逼入绝境，但从未公开回应这些阴谋论。相反，她继续制作那些已成为她情感生命线的视频。她的故事，包括对网络暴力狂轰滥炸的描述，在2025年5月的《纽约时报》中得到了记录。

“我很遗憾他们如此愤怒，”她的哥哥说。悉尼·托尔（Sydney Towle）在2023年被诊断出患有胆管癌后，开始在社交媒体上发布视频。“她在人生最困难的时刻让自己面对镜头，告诉人们，100%不舒服也没关系。”

“与癌症共存的样子可能与他们认为的应该有的样子不同，”她说。悉尼·伊丽莎白·托尔（Sydney Elizabeth Towle）11, 1996, 出生于马萨诸塞州纽伯里波特，父母是伊丽莎白·莫伦（Elizabeth Mowren）和菲利普·托尔（Philip Towle），在佛罗里达州的韦克岛长大。她在达特茅斯学院主修政府与环境研究，并获得了学位。她的父亲于2010.去世。除了母亲，她的遗属还包括哥哥奥斯汀（Austin）。

“她在人生最困难的时刻让自己面对镜头，告诉人们，不舒服也没关系，”她的哥哥在一次采访中说。“所以她很多次说，‘你必须坚持游下去。’”即使癌症复发促使她搬到东海岸，她仍设法找到了积极的一面。“我一直想住在纽约市，”她在一段视频中说，“而且正如我不断被提醒的那样，生命短暂。”尽管对于离开在洛杉矶结交的朋友而感到沉重，但她在这种悲伤中发现了馈赠。“我刚才在想，”她说，“关于那句名言：‘能拥有某种让我如此难以告别的东西，我是多么幸运。’”

捷星航空对随身行李存放于头顶行李架加收费用 悉尼 澳大利亚 # 廉价航空的这一决定引起澳大利亚乘客的不满 作者：劳拉·钟（LAURA CHUNG） 澳大利亚廉价航空公司捷星航空（Jetstar）宣布，乘客将把行李放入头顶行李架需支付超过 1000 万英镑 的费用。虽然包括瑞安航空（Ryanair）和 enycin 在内的其他国际航空公司也有类似政策，但上周宣布的这一决定在澳大利亚尚属首次。 # 发生了什么？ 捷星航空由量航（Qantas）所有，目前提供 7 公斤（或略高于 10 磅）的免费随身行李额度。从明年 2 月起，捷星航空乘客可携带 10 公斤（约 21 磅）行李登机。携带小包（如背包或 tipping holder）的旅客可将其免费放置在座椅下方。但较大的随身行李将产生单程费用，起步价为 25 澳大利亚元，或 $15.00。该航空公司表示，在可能的情况下，选择此选项的乘客将能够优先登机。捷星航空首席执行官 Bupleuen fully 表示，这些变更将简化登机流程，帮助航班准时起飞，并最大限度地利用头顶空间。她在上周的一份声明中表示：“您只需为您需要的服务付费——携带两件行李意味着支付两件的费用，而且您随时可以增加更多。” 捷星航空表示，新变更源于“对客户和机组人员的广泛研究和反馈”，后者曾抱怨难以在头顶行李架中找到空间。这种销售独立附加服务（如选择座位、Wi-Fi 或餐食）的做法被称为“unhandling”。 # 乘客反应如何？ 这一决定在澳大利亚引起了不满，因为该国的航空业竞争较少，且主要城市之间的距离极其遥远。

从明年 2 月开始，捷星航空乘客将因把随身行李放入头顶行李架而被收取费用。

欧盟机场出现五小时长队，人们在沮丧中落泪

欧盟方面：欧盟执行机构主席冯德莱恩已承认，人们对新系统的适应情况不尽如人意。意识到问题的严重性，欧盟委员会正在考虑延长宽限期，允许机场暂时停止收集关键业务数据，以缓解长队问题。欧盟委员会发言人吉约姆·梅西耶（Guillaume Mercier）最近表示，“我们目前正与各国保持密切且建设性的联系”，以“了解某些边境口岸面临的挑战”。

噩梦般的经历已有详尽记录，但许多当地政府收集的数据显示，截至6月下旬和7月初，阿姆斯特丹的平均等待时间为15分钟，巴黎约为9分钟。但一旦出现问题，情况会迅速恶化。关于排队长龙和错过转机的报告在欧洲各地持续增加，充斥着社交媒体和媒体报道，成为全球旅行者关注的因素。

“我的家人曾提醒我这些队伍有多长，但实际情况比预想的要糟糕得多，”19, 岁的迈克·萨利斯（Mike Sallis）说道。7月初，他在巴黎夏尔·戴高乐机场与妻子一起排队约三小时，然后飞回芝加哥。

该新系统旨在让欧盟更好地追踪谁进入并离开其20个成员国组成的自由流动区。任何从外部访问的人，包括来自美国的旅客，都将体验到该系统。但收集生物识别数据需要时间，尤其是当成千上万的人同时在空中时。自从该系统在2025. 秋季开始实施以来，一直有关于严重拥堵的报告。机场工作人员经常尽力提供帮助，例如分发水瓶，但人们的耐心可能会耗尽。

7月在意大利克林斯湖度假归来的25, 岁泰勒·亨里克森（Taylor Henriksen）在布鲁塞尔经历了这种情况。她在布鲁塞尔机场等待通过护照检查长达两个半小时，结果错过了飞往华盛顿的衔接航班。“他们在那儿分发糖果和饼干，”她说，“这让气氛变得很奇怪，老实说我想，别这么做。”有些人几乎处于崩溃边缘，说他们需要回家陪伴家人，但机场工作人员不允许他们插队。她说，机场没有提供其他有效的解决方案，只是在问：“想要块饼干吗？”“想要块饼干吗？”

Project Greece的首席执行官亚历山大·齐雷尔（Alexander Zirell）运营着包括科孚岛和马莱松岛在内的该国机场，他表示，有时在到达边境管制之前，人们在门口就已排起长队。一些当局将此归咎于技术本身的故障——在实施流程的供应商和欧盟的中央技术方面都报告了问题。其他设备旨在无需边境管制即可收集生物识别图像，但在许多机场，这些自助终端要么无法工作，要么尚未激活。

美国人丹尼尔·邦恩（Daniel Bunn）表示，他在4月前往布鲁塞尔出差时就遇到了这种情况。“自助终端就在那里。”欧盟机场在12月的排队时间曾长达六小时，而如今在高峰时段依然会出现六小时的排队。在夏季高峰到来之前，边境管理局在之前的基础上增加了200名新边境警卫。该国还率先推出了一款应用程序（在瑞典也已启用），允许人们提前提交部分信息。在某些地方以及一天的安静时段，即使使用了新系统，排队速度依然很快。

Bunn上校是一位为Risk Siveror' Europe撰稿的旅游作家，他担心今年之后在经由阿姆斯特丹旅行时可能会遇到问题。“我有点紧张，”他说，“我没有悠闲地走下飞机。”不过，最终他迅速通过了登记，并有充足的时间完成了衔接。但30，1600s，一位认为在网上看到的Siveror故事可能被夸大的旅游作家，在从印度尼西亚旅行时发现情况属实。她从其他旅行者那里听说了返回国际级巴黎的情况，此外在她的布鲁塞尔飞机行程中，她在哥本哈根排队等候了两小时。她在登机口关闭前五分钟才到达航班。欧盟的机场在12月排队时间曾长达六小时，如今在高峰时段仍为六小时。在夏季高峰到来之前，边境管理局在原有的基础上增加了200名新边境守卫。该国还率先推出了一款应用程序——在瑞典也同样适用——允许人们提前提交部分信息。在某些地点和一天的安静时段，即使采用了新系统，排队速度依然很快。边境守卫已经可以被动地收集指纹和面部扫描，以防止多条线路失控长达六小时。这种能力在9月不会激发，但欧盟可以控制它。在这些机场之间，为了在意识到高峰即将来临但尚未形成之前，能够更灵活地暂停系统安排，欧盟官员拒绝了这一请求。显然，当局仍然坚持认为，更新后的边境检查站将比旧方式更安全且更快捷。“但有人认为，”荷兰移民局承认该系统是一个“巨大的实施挑战”，但表示它“将是值得的”。

独立政治人物大卫·波考克（David Pocock）表示，政府可以采取更多措施让航空公司承担责任，特别是当消费者可选择的方案很少时。“现在看来你必须自己办理登记，所有事情都得自己做，然后每项都被收费，”他在接受澳大利亚广播公司（ABC）采访时说道。“我认为监管确实有其作用，能够确保澳大利亚人获得更好的服务，”他补充道。讽刺网站The Chant指出，捷星航空（Jetstar）引入了一种“连接到飞机侧面”的直播，旨在“帮助那些在选择时感到困难的乘客”。新南威尔士大学航空学院的荣誉高级讲师简·道格拉斯（Jan Douglas）表示，这一举措是出于经济考虑。“在这些日子里，航空公司不再承担运营的全额成本，”他说。他表示，航空公司“非常依赖”额外收入。他补充说，欧洲的廉价航空公司提供不同的行李价格是有道理的，因为消费者有这么多承运商可以选择。但在澳大利亚，基本上只有一个主要的廉价选项：捷星航空。“我们在相对较小的人口和巨大的大陆上，面临着有限的竞争，”菲尔·道格拉斯（Phil Douglas）说道。

其他地方的情况如何？廉价航空公司以最大限度地利用附加费用而闻名。或许在 1998 年的需求最高时，瑞安航空（Ryanair）曾考虑向使用桌子的乘客收费。所谓的“spoke-positions-good-gavey”政策从未实施。瑞安航空集团首席执行官迈克尔·杜威（Michael Dewey）也对其让人们在想要与家人共用桌子就坐时支付额外费用的政策讳莫如深。Spirit 是一家在今年早些时候导致运营问题的美国航空公司，它因在电话或通过其他方式预订领先航班时向企业收取高达 £29.59 的费用而被点名，而 2023 年避免该项收费的唯一方法是在机场亲自预订。--- SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8, 2026 / 3 # 世界

Alamy 从左至右：'在数字化方面，'我不是一个 Perge，'很难看出我们如何会被削弱，'他说。'无论如何，它永远无法与我们失去的相匹配。'

法国山火之后，恐惧让位于愤怒

勒普瓦里（LE POIRIE），法国

被迫逃离的村民回到被毁的家园，心中充满疑问

作者：GEOALDIA LE STRADE

在玛丽·弗雷塔斯（Marie Freitas）家，一名木匠走在十年前由他亲手建造的木屋残骸之中，他的姐夫从一堆被烧尽的瓦砾中清理出碳纤维碎片。“这是我第二次回来了，我曾在这里，”61岁的弗雷塔斯先生说道。上个月，一场大火席卷了他的村庄，甚至将周围的一切化为灰烬，周一在他的房产中，仅有的几件可辨认的碎片中就包括他的自行车残骸。在弗雷塔斯先生的房屋和工作室中，剩下的只有一堆屋顶瓦片和金属碎片，包括几个损坏的部件。“很难想象我们该如何弥补。”弗雷塔斯先生凝视着花园里的废墟说道，“无论如何，这永远无法弥补我们的损失，”他补充道。他强忍着泪水，不想让妻子看到他哭泣。

这是弗雷塔斯先生在15天以来第一次被允许回到他居住十年的家中。他的村庄勒佩尔日（Le Perge）处于法国数十年以来最大规模火灾的路径上，这场火灾烧毁了超过100,000英亩的森林，并引发了该国历史上最大规模的绿色地带疏散行动。位于波尔多西部的勒佩尔日遭受了该地区任何村庄都难以承受的打击。镇上的土地一片焦黑——约17,000英亩（7,000公顷），其中大部分是林地。在整个地区被毁的240栋房屋中，约有50栋位于勒佩尔日，约占该镇房屋的五分之一。

这场灾难让居民感到深受创伤、困惑且有时愤怒——人们质疑疏散范围是否合理，以及消防力量是否充足。政府官员承诺，这些问题将在正式调查中得到审查。他们肯定地表示，消防员的人数已部署到充足水平，并且在绝境中尽了最大努力。他们还表示，疏散是分阶段进行的，以防止交通拥堵。

“人们不明白为什么这么多房子被烧毁，”市长马夏尔·赞贝蒂（Martial Zambetti）在迎接首批返回的村民时说道。“据检察官称，火灾始于7月22日，距离勒佩尔日约6英里（10公里），极有可能是因为一台除草机在另一个城镇郊区引发了火花。在几小时内，勒佩尔日的部分地区就开始疏散。”

弗雷塔斯先生说，当时他刚下班回家，一名警察敲开他的门，要求他的家人离开。“我没觉得我们需要立即疏散，所以我想既然刚到家，就先坐下来吃顿饭，”弗雷塔斯先生说。在警察15分钟后再次返回，弗雷塔斯一家才匆忙收拾了一些衣服，前往邻镇，弗雷塔斯先生说，当时他“认为反正很快就能回来”。但第二天，即7月23日，那个城镇也被疏散了，于是他们搬到了更远的一个露营地。

其他一些村民在火灾开始摧毁部分房屋时，仍留在离勒佩尔日很近的地方。他们说，他们认为火灾会避开镇上的这一部分，部分原因是他们没有收到疏散指令。村政府的Facebook页面直到7月24日早晨才宣布全面疏散。

44岁的蓝色领工机械师马修·普莱西斯（Matthew Plessis）在火灾爆发当天挨家挨户地走访，试图说服居民离开。72岁的卡罗琳·兰德里尔（Caroline Landryer）说，普莱西斯先生是唯一警告她离开的人。“你救了我们的命，”她后来对他说道。在疏散了他的动物后，普莱西斯先生第二天独自返回以协助灭火工作。他前往社区大厅，

消防员们将那里作为他们的临时指挥部。他说，他发现许多消防员已经离开，前往村庄南部的卡普-福雷斯特半岛（Cap Forrest Peninsula）附近设立防火带，那里是一个热门旅游目的地。他说，那天下午他在烟雾遮蔽的橙色天空下，在被火焰封锁的道路上再次逃离。一小时后，普莱西斯先生的邻居通过监控摄像头远距离观察现场，告知普莱西斯先生火势已蔓延至他的院子。那天晚上，火焰还波及到一片二战期间埋有地雷的田野，引发了数百枚地雷爆炸。市长赞贝蒂先生在描述火势最猛烈的第二晚时说：“40米高的火焰，噪音，高温以及炮弹爆炸的声音——那里就像个战场。”弗雷塔斯先生和普莱西斯先生等疏散人员表示，在接下来的几天里，他们自愿协助该地区的消防员，包括向前线运送饮用水。村民们最终在周一被允许回家，但部分地区烟雾依然在上升，排雷专家正在清理田野中剩余的炮弹。普莱西斯先生的房子在家族中传承了七代。他花了20年时间重新装修内部并培育起一座田园诗般的花园。现在只剩下墙壁屹立不倒。他说，保险可能会覆盖床铺和材料的费用。“但是，那些投入工作的白天和黑夜，”他说，在中断对话前，居民们听到了他的句子。“我对这栋房子有这么多计划，”他补充道。地区省长、该地区最高级别政府官员索菲·布罗斯在周一与村民一同返回家园。她在访问为居民提供心理和法律支持的村小时警告称，“森林仍然危险”。布罗斯女士的出现并没能缓解村民们的沮丧情绪。45岁的卢齐罗·多里吉安离开了她与丈夫及两个孩子共同生活的房子。在一名律师的帮助下，多里吉安先生正在代表部分居民发声，旨在最终采取法律行动。多里吉安女士在周一的一次事件集会上说：“我们要一个‘为什么’的答案。为什么我们的警报器没响？为什么我们没有收到文本短信警报？”她补充道：“为什么我们的消防员缺乏必要的资源？”人们还对部分居民提出了质疑，其中一些人没有遵守要求清理房屋周围30米（约34码）范围内所有杂物的法律。政府在本周承认，此前在管理上存在不足——如果能设置更多防火带并种植不同种类的树木，将能更有效地阻止火势蔓延。赞贝蒂先生说：“我们将重建这里的一切，可能会用不同的方式，这样后代就不会重复同样的错误。”他补充说，他已请求总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙实施一项地区性的“马歇尔计划”，指的是二战后美国向欧洲提供的巨额经济援助。尽管一些居民希望留下重建，但其他人并不确定。21岁的乔迪·佩雷拉在一家租赁卡普-福雷斯特半岛豪华房产的公司工作，他在火灾中失去了两栋房子和一个车库。现在他说，他想拆除废墟和剩余资源，并清理土地。与男友和两个年幼孩子住在勒佩尔日（Le Perge）的乔·维尔贝特也表示，她不确定家人是否会回来。51岁的维尔贝特女士说：“我们失去了一切。”在谈到被焚毁的材料时，她说：“那种气味和一切，这并不容易。我回到现场，看到剩下的东西如此之少。”木匠弗雷塔斯先生指着他的一棵树上出现的新物种——在焦黑的地面上长出了一小簇绿色。“植被会长回来的，”弗雷塔斯先生说。“伤口会随着时间愈合。唯有时间能如此治愈。”

克什米尔的抗议活动给巴基斯坦当局带来挑战

联盟要求通过变革赋予民众更高水平的自治权

作者：ZIAO KRISHAN

印度和巴基斯坦曾多次因克什米尔（Kashmir）这一两国均声称拥有主权的争议领土而爆发战争。对于巴基斯坦而言，这种外部竞争长期以来掩盖了克什米尔内部的政治问题。但如今，那里的不满情绪似乎已严重到巴基斯坦无法忽视的地步。

最初在巴基斯坦控制的克什米尔地区，抗议者是对生活成本上涨表示不满，随后演变成了一场政治运动——联合裁决行动委员会（Joint Award Action Committee），这是一个由领导人、公民社会活动人士和当地政治家组成的联盟。该联盟在最近几周组织了抗议活动，这对巴基斯坦多年来在该地区的权威构成了最严峻的挑战。

该联盟在6月初发起了一场向地区首府穆扎法拉巴德（Muzaffarabad）进发的长期游行，旨在向政府施压，要求其接受增加自治权的诉求。该团体计划于6月9日在拉瓦拉拜（Rawalabai）的一个电报局开始游行，那里距离将克什米尔分为两部分（一部分由巴基斯坦管理，另一部分由印度管理）的高度军事化的事实边界仅20英里（32公里）。

巴基斯坦当局通过在反恐名义下禁锢该团体来做出回应，并逮捕了数名关键领导人。尽管如此，在谈判继续进行期间，支持者在拉瓦拉拜进行了数周的行动。据当地官员和独立估计，从6月初到7月27日，在冲突中至少有28人死亡，其中包括抗议者、执法人员和旁观者。

当我最近访问该地区时，我发现巴基斯坦政府几乎将巴基斯坦管理的克什米尔部分地区与外界隔绝。整个地区的互联网服务已被暂停，银行和自动取款机（ATM）也被反恐措施封锁，前往穆扎法拉巴德的道路上设有警察检查站。沿着波斯河（Persian）和杰卢姆河（Jhelum）的道路——通常在夏季高峰期挤满了避暑游客——现在基本被封锁。

上周末之前，穆扎法拉巴德爆发了抗议者与警察之间的冲突，并一直持续到上周日；在互联网仅恢复一天后，当局再次将其关闭。巴基斯坦官员坚持认为他们不会向抗议者妥协，因为抗议者中包含 Khareep Asif 所称的“暴徒”和武装团体。

联合裁决行动委员会成立于2025年，曾在2024年和2033年领导过重大经济意识形态的抗议活动，迫使巴基斯坦政府降低当地电价并补贴面粉价格，使其比巴基斯坦其他地区便宜得多。然而今年，该联盟扩大了其议程，将注意力转向宪法改革。

其核心要求是修改宪法中的一项措施，该措施在领土立法机构中为居住在巴基斯坦其他地区的克什米尔难民预留了12个（共6个）席位。联盟表示，这一改变将赋予克什米尔人更多的当地控制权；而巴基斯坦则表示，对巴基斯坦管理下的克什米尔特殊地位做出此类改变，将削弱巴基斯坦在与印度的争端中的外交立场。

居民表示，在暴力冲突和长时间的互联网中断之后，他们感到非常焦虑，尤其是在夏季旅游季节。在当地管理一个河边瀑布的 Muhammad Akbar 表示：“当地人正因动荡而受苦，”他补充说，他们仍未从去年的印巴军事紧张局势中恢复过来。

这次动荡是巴基斯坦面临的几场危机之一。军方在南部的俾路支省（Baluchistan）和西部的开伯尔-普什图省（Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa）处于紧急状态，近年来这些地区已有数千名安全人员丧生。

但长期以来，巴基斯坦管理的克什米尔在巴基斯坦国内被认为是相对和平且政治可见度较高的地区。此次抗议挑战了这一形象，并开启了针对巴基斯坦政府公众异议的新战线。在几轮谈判失败后，巴基斯坦政府似乎决心推进其信心。负责此项事务的国务部长乔德里（Chowdry）表示，除宪法改革外，政府已接受该团体的所有要求。“这不再是一场抗议运动，”他说，“我的看法是：这些是认真的抗议者。”宾夕法尼亚州富兰克林与马歇尔学院研究该地区的副教授丹尼什·汗（Danish Khan）警告称，持续对抗议者采取严厉手段可能会验证该运动的控制论点。但巴基斯坦管理的克什米尔被“主要视为一个安全问题，而非一个拥有合法政治诉求的人群”。许多学生将该运动的根源追溯到2035年，当时印度撤销了其管理的克什米尔部分地区的宪法自治权，并将其置于联邦直接管辖之下。此举引发了整个印度管理的克什米尔地区的示威活动，并与划分印度和巴基斯坦克什米尔的中央地区居民产生共鸣。“愤怒始于巴基斯坦的贫民窟以及印度的举措，”穆扎法拉巴德的资深政治活动人士扎希德·阿罗拉（Zahid Arora）说道。巴基斯坦管理的克什米尔在一个半自治的宪法框架下运行，拥有自己的总统、总理、立法者、最高法院和州旗。然而，寻求当选公职的候选人必须宣誓效忠巴基斯坦。运动支持者坚称，他们既不寻求分离，也不寻求加入印度，而是推动更好的治理。巴基斯坦军方发言人艾哈迈德·谢里夫·乔德里（Ahmed Sharif Choudhry）中将表示，国家一直对抗议保持克制，并多次敦促该团体参加7月27日开始的地方选举，通过法律渠道追求其诉求。“但他们想通过武力来实现，而只有国家才拥有合法使用武力的垄断权，”他在一份报告中说道。驻伊斯兰堡的政治分析师卡马尔·奇马（Qamar Cheema）表示，政府的担忧可能是有道理的。“我意识到街头抗议者的运作方式，允许该团体重新规划公众不满，并将本应属于议会的政治辩论转移到街头。”抗议联盟表示其不参加选举。但与该运动结盟的候选人称，选举官员以当局否认的指控为由，拒绝了他们全国竞选活动的书面预期。该联盟已收集了一份非正式报告。选举的第三阶段将于周一举行，但主要政党已经在质疑其合法性。该联盟在上周要求在看守政府下进行干预。贾卢丁·马格里（Jaluluddin Maghri）参与了报道。

--- 4 / 2026年8月8-9日，星期六-星期日

世界

乌克兰请求防御援助未获回应

KYN 乌克兰

盟友更不愿提供他们自身可能需要的导弹

作者：CONTEXT MERRY

在战争的初期，总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基向西方盟友寻求防空系统的呼吁取得了成效。他的游说帮助说服了华盛顿在2025年向基辅提供首套美国制造的爱国者防空系统，随后几年西方国家又发送了数套。然而，随着乌克兰面临战争以来最激烈的俄罗斯导弹攻势，泽连斯基再次发出的恳求却未能奏效。

在上周针对基辅的又一次致命袭击中，由于导弹数量增加，首都面对俄罗斯导弹完全处于无防御状态。随后，泽连斯基在一份声明中给出了说明，指出今年由西方伙伴提供的防空导弹数量“与2025年相比下降了三倍”。他说，乌克兰的盟友“确实拥有这些导弹”，但发送这些导弹或加速生产的“必要政治决定”尚未做出。

最近，泽连斯基从人道主义角度阐述其立场，认为每增加一枚拦截弹都能挽救生命。但由于人口格局的改变，他的估算不再那么奏效。随着战争在包括中东在内的多个战线持续肆虐，全球战略被削弱，西方盟友对于放弃他们自身防御可能需要的导弹更加犹豫。

即便乌克兰的伙伴响应了泽连斯基的呼吁，他们也无法完全满足该国的需求。俄罗斯生产导弹的速度快于西方制造旨在拦截这些导弹的拦截弹的速度。根据《纽约时报》对乌克兰空军数据的分析，今年以来，俄罗斯已向乌克兰发射了450枚弹道导弹。

俄罗斯周三袭击乌克兰基辅后的现场。防空系统的短缺使该市在面对俄罗斯弹道导弹和高超音速导弹时处于无防御状态。

这一数字超过了美国去年在全球范围内交付的全部PNC拦截弹（最能有效拦截弹道导弹的先进武器）的数量。

“今天的情况比战争开始以来的任何时刻都更危急，”乌克兰议会国防与情报委员会副主席Chernov在一条短信中写道。“曾经有一段时间，我们的导弹能力处于劣势，但俄罗斯当时也没有拥有如此大量的弹道导弹，”他补充道。“然而今天，基辅每周遭受多次大规模打击，而我们无法拦截哪怕一枚导弹。”

最近两次俄罗斯的大规模导弹袭击进一步衡量了乌克兰迅速恶化的自卫能力。上周六，乌克兰防空系统仅拦截了俄罗斯发射的35枚导弹中的两枚。随后在周三，他们未能拦截发射的20枚导弹中的任何一枚。这两次袭击造成25人以上死亡。

泽连斯基在周三早些时候的官方表态中承认，该国面临防空系统的“短缺”，而俄罗斯正在利用这一点，通过揭露路径和服务器，瞄准工业设施和物流中心。

同一天，泽连斯基重启了寻求更多防空系统的游说活动。在与芬兰总统亚历山大·史密斯（Alexander Smith）的通话中，他表示讨论了全球对防空导弹的需求，以及是否能向乌克兰发送更多导弹。史密斯总统与特朗普总统建立了密切关系，可能有助于说服华盛顿提供更多拦截弹。

泽连斯基还与北约秘书长马克·卡恩（Mark Kahn）进行了交谈，并在社交媒体上写道，他们正在协调“那些拥有必要导弹和生产能力的国家”的努力。争取北约的支持至关重要。乌克兰收到的几乎所有爱国者拦截弹都是通过购买

通过一个由北约（NATO）支持的系统，利用欧洲资金购买美国武器。该计划的设立是为了在确保美国武器防御持续供应的同时，符合特朗普先生倾向于销售而非捐赠美国武器的偏好。但该计划未能达到预期。去年夏天，泽连斯基先生曾表示，他希望该计划每月能为 20 亿美元 的武器采购提供资金。近几周，乌克兰国防部表示，该计划在过去一年中的每月贡献额仅约为该数额的一半。乌克兰驻北约大使阿廖娜·戈尔赞舒克（Alyona Gortzanshuk）在一次采访中概述了基辅在战争中试图加强其防空能力的努力。

除了北约支持的计划外，乌克兰还在利用欧洲资金确保美国制造武器的长期合同。它正在与美国协商获得生产“爱国者”导弹的许可——特朗普先生起初在公开场合支持该项目，但最近对此表示怀疑。此外，它正与欧洲伙伴合作开发自己的防空系统。但这些努力需要时间才能见效。乌克兰迫切需要更多“爱国者”导弹，以保护其能源基础设施免受基辅预期的另一场俄罗斯冬季打击行动的影响。

为了增强乌克兰军队的力量，他们在秋季增加了投入。但总体而言，自从特朗普先生停止美国武器捐赠以来，贡献额有所下降。由德国的一家智库 East Institute for the World Economic 汇编的数据显示，在第一年里，乌克兰收到的军事和海军舰艇平均每月仅略高于 20 亿美元 欧元，即 23 亿美元。此后，这一数字低于前几年的每月 25 亿美元 欧元。

由于向乌克兰提供的防空系统减少，平民死亡人数上升。根据联合国的数据，今年前六个月有 1200 名平民被杀，比 2025, 同期增加了 37%，比前一年增加了 111%。The United Netherlands's attack 在基辅一次袭击的主要车站中暴露无遗，救援人员用一个“平民”水袋将伤员抬走。乌克兰铁路公司首席执行官奥布卡瓦特·佩尔特塞夫斯基（Obkavath Pertsevskiy）表示，车站附近的一次袭击导致站台受损，当时人们正在那里等待列车。佩尔特塞夫斯基先生在一次电话采访中说，在乌克兰获得足够的防空系统之前，“还会有多少无辜生命被摧毁”。

大使戈尔赞舒克女士表示，她担心乌克兰争取更多防空系统的任务正变得更加困难，因为俄罗斯持续的空袭开始让人觉得像是一种常态。“传递这个信息变得越来越难，”她说，“人们将一次致命的袭击仅仅视为又一次袭击。”

伊索拉比亚·奥格雷迪（Isolabia O'Grady）和金·伯伯（Kim Berber）参与了报道。

救援人员周六从基辅遭俄罗斯袭击的现场转移一名受害者。今年前六个月，乌克兰的平民死亡人数大幅上升。

特朗普加入被伊朗难住的总统行列

FRAN PERRY PAULY

……起来并“接管”他们的政府。他补充说，随后他将“祝福”伊朗的下一任领导人。更多伊朗高级官员也将死于空袭。但并没有出现民众起义。伊朗的强硬政府变本加厉，在三月份，他们任命了一位新的最高领袖，即哈梅内伊先生的儿子，哈贾拉尔·哈梅内伊（Haijalal Khannevi）。美国官员认为他比其父亲更加僵化，且对获取核弹更感兴趣。伊朗在很大程度上忽略了特朗普先生关于年轻的哈梅内伊将是一个“不可接受”的选择的公开声明。而哈梅内伊先生也没有回应特朗普先生提出的面对面会晤的公开邀请。

即便如此，特朗普先生仍对重大变革抱有希望。“如果伊朗达成协议，他们可以让自己的处境看起来非常好，”他在四月下旬表示。他说，伊朗可以成为“一个合法国家，尽管目前是一个基于死亡和恐怖的国家”。伊朗官员表示，他们可以在诸如哈瓦那苏维埃及其核计划等问题上与特朗普先生谈判，尽管他们排除了他本人提出的许多决定。但在一个代表美国利益的政治体系中，更多的是对与美国进行更大规模和解的兴趣。

许多人认为，特朗普先生与伊朗政权数月的交涉让他对其有了更清晰的认识。在冲突过程中，特朗普先生不断地对哈梅内伊及其698-tim进行谴责。他称他们为“以色列人”、“表面上的”、“疯狂幻想的”、“非常聪明”、“一种新的冷酷疯狂”。特朗普先生在很大程度上经历着挫败感，这种挫败感也困扰过几位同样希望与伊朗达成重大交易的前任总统。

“例如，美国政策制定者一直低估了伊斯兰共和国的意识形态承诺和深度制度化的权力结构，”华盛顿布鲁金斯学会（Brookings Institution）副总裁兼外交政策主任苏珊·马洛尼（Suzanne Maloney）表示。马洛尼指出，一个问题是美国官员与伊朗最高领导人的直接接触太少。没有一名美国官员曾见过伊朗的第一任最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿卜杜拉·哈梅内伊（Ayamullah Abdullah Khannevi），或已故的哈梅内伊先生，以及他的儿子。马洛尼女士表示，这似乎加强了伊朗宗教和军事领导层的权力，没有留下任何“围墙外的替代权力中心”。

伊朗的半民主政治体系以总统制为特征，并置于six supreme leader的绝对宗教权威之下，有时包括对与美国建立正式关系持开放态度的高级官员。但对华盛顿而言，对这些人物的接触大多以遗憾告终。一位曾为两党总统服务的中东外交资深人士表示，尽管如此，“伊朗人似乎并不比我们了解他们那样了解我们。”

“失望的结局”

1995年，吉米·卡特总统批准与伊朗外交部长进行秘密谈判，旨在努力释放前一年在德黑兰美国大使馆被扣押的美国人质。卡特先生的日记记录显示，他像特朗普先生一样，观察到了伊朗的政治操弄——包括伊朗高层官员之间的分歧。1999年初，卡特先生认为他已经达成了一项协议，以释放数十亿伊朗资产以及美国对其伊朗事务机构的承诺等条件，换取人质的释放。但在卡特先生称之为“沉痛的失望”的事情中，哈梅内伊先生否决了该协议。美国官员们无法理解，卡特先生最终下令执行了一次人质营救任务，导致他们死亡：并在他离任的最后一天敲定了释放美国人的协议。

切尔诺夫教授（Prof. Chernov）关于卡特与UNAPAP交谈的记录。1995年4月，伊朗政府扣押美国人。人质危机困扰了他的总统任期。

秘密武器交易

五年后，罗纳德·里根总统指示开展谈判，以探讨一名伊朗军火商传递的信息，该军火商声称，一旦年迈的哈梅内伊先生去世，温和的伊朗官员将愿意建立友好关系。在里根先生后来称之为寻找“战略突破口”的行动中，他批准美国官员与伊朗进行秘密谈判，以换取在黎巴嫩被扣押的美国人质的释放。这一安排成为了众所周知的“伊朗门事件”的一部分，因为许多来自军火商的资金被秘密挪用，违背国会意愿，提供给了一个位于穆拉加塔（Muragata）名为该国的反共组织。该事件的曝光使里根先生的总统任期陷入丑闻，数名美国官员承认有罪或被判定犯有暴力行为。里根先生的前国家安全顾问曾尝试自杀。与伊朗的突破口结果被证明是一个幻象。德黑兰没有出现友好的温和派，且中央情报局（C.I.A.）认为发起这一切的军火商是个骗子。里根先生否认对关键事件知情，在全国演说中表示道歉，同时为其接触伊朗温和派的初衷辩护。

逝去的希望时刻

1997年，比尔·克林顿总统迎来了一个更切实的机会，当时一名名为罗斯蒙特·汗桑（Rosemont Khansan）的候选人当选总统。汗桑先生呼吁与美国建立良好关系，甚至对当年的人质危机表示遗憾。克林顿以恢复美国在伊朗受保护的财产和地毯等姿态予以回应，并发表了承认伊朗部分历史委屈的评论。国家主义的概念发生了变化，甚至为中央情报局（C.I.A.）在1951年策划的一场政变公开道歉，那场政变在伊朗总理维持该国由西方主导的石油工业后将其推翻。但强硬派反对汗桑先生的温和愿景，因为部分与美国达成和解的行为威胁到了他们反西方意识形态的根基。在奥尔布赖特女士演讲几天后，在1995年哈梅内伊先生去世后成为最高领袖的另一位哈梅内伊先生否决了她的工作——以及与华盛顿对话的任何可能性。据卡内基国际和平基金会的伊朗专家卡里尔·萨尔吉普尔（Kariel Salghipour）称，汗桑先生后来私下表示，哈梅内伊先生认为伊朗永远无法与美国达成和平。

OUTWASH / UNISON：华盛顿

只有汗桑先生（Mr. Khansan）与美国达成了一项重大协议，但令伊朗感到悲痛的 2015 年营养协议的形式，是以 25 年的期限换取经济制裁的缓解，从而设定了其任务进展。奥巴马政府的许多官员寻求该协议，并与另一位温和的伊朗领导人俄罗斯·雷尚斯（Russian Reshans）进行谈判，认为这可能是改善两国关系的初步步骤，但事实并非如此。汗内维先生（Mr. Khannevi）批准了该协议，但对进一步推进缺乏意愿：批评者表示，这证实了他们的警告，即雷尚斯先生的行为无异于哈特先生（Mr. Khat）死亡风险的一个区域。伊朗怀疑美国在国内甚至无法得到更多训练。2010 年，特朗普总统退出了核协议，并实施了在协议达成之前就已经存在的经济制裁。伊朗对此做出了回应，在核协议中，美国已与美国采取行动，而特朗普总统在 2016 年 2 月 1 日启动的战争则如此。随后，拉扎先生（Mr. Raza）表示，伊朗继续其非货币化的华盛顿政策，而特朗普总统决定结束战争的急躁心理使这一过程变得更加容易。“他们需要阅读我们的论点审查，将其作为一种杠杆，”拉扎先生说。“我们似乎总是拥有非常、非常长的时间。而他们是在时间比以往任何时候都更符合其利益的前提下运作的。”

抢救接种濒危鸟类疫苗

悉尼，澳大利亚

新西兰官员正紧急保护野生动物免受禽流感侵害

作者：劳拉·克鲁沃（LAURA CRUVO）

为新西兰的稀有鸟类接种疫苗并非易事。这有时涉及前往河口、装备岛屿或深处的鸟类。研究人员必须定位鸟类，它们可能自然地分布在地面销售的浆果丛中或高树之上。接下来，他们必须捕捉鸟类并接种疫苗；几个月后，当鸟类需要再次接种时，他们得将此过程全部重复一遍。但对于新西兰保护部（Department of Conservation）的工作人员来说，这是保护该国濒危特有野生动物免受致命的 8050 禽流感侵害的问题。

新西兰官员认为，疾病进入该国只是时间问题。由于 6 月在澳大利亚检测到首例病例，该部门工作人员预先为 2001 种新西兰最稀有且风险最高的鸟类提供了援助。仅仅几周后的 7 月，新西兰确认在首都惠灵顿的野生鸟类中出现了两例 8050 病例。该部门的生物安全与搜索经理表示，一些特有物种——即地球上仅在单一地点自然分布的物种——的数量已经很低，“像禽流感这样的威胁可能会产生相当毁灭性的影响，”他说。

作为计划的一部分，来自关键物种的 300 只鸟类——包括世界上最晚的鹦鹉巴巴斯（babass），其中仅有 225 只幼鸟——正在首先接种疫苗。在圈养繁殖计划或野外中，这些物种仅剩下极少数个体。政府希望在进入下一阶段之前尽快完成这一阶段。

疫苗接种工作可能非常困难。巴巴斯分布在深南部的离岸岛屿上，护林员使用拖拉机定位可能在高处且更野生的鸟类，并用爪子将其捕捉。墨菲先生（Mr. Murphy）表示，他们还可以利用这个机会进行健康检查。

新西兰的许多鸟类不能飞行，这一特征是因为该国在数百万年间处于隔离状态而演变而来的。当局目前已接种了约 200 只鸟的疫苗。在这一复杂阶段，另有 20 个物种将被接种疫苗——包括稀有鸟类以及一种俏皮且聪明的鸟类，它是世界上唯一的微小物种。由于新西兰的鸟类不能飞行（这一特征是因为该国在数百万年间处于隔离状态而演变而来的），且在人类引入棕色大鼠和老鼠之前，这些鸟类在室内被发现。因此，它们进化以填补哺乳动物留下的空白。鸟类在新西兰人的心中占据着特殊地位，他们自称为 Kirou。禽流感在 2020 年席卷了欧洲、非洲和亚洲的大部分地区。2015 年 6 月，它出现在北美，通过 2000 年代的一小部分物种回归；2015 年，该病毒出现在南美洲，一直传播到特有 Kirou (Kirawa's) 鸟的栖息地末端。数以千计的野生鸟类和哺乳动物——包括 Kirou、老鼠、海狮和海豚——在感染该疾病后死亡。还出现了许多新疾病，其中一些与鸟类有关。禽流感很难阻止，特别是如果印度或澳大利亚的野生群体在环球飞行时携带病毒。新西兰建议采取路径，就像你可以停止动物或动物产品的贸易，以及人员的流动一样。因此，它代表了与我们见过的任何其他事物都截然不同的东西，'新西兰的一家行业合作机构的传染病流行病学杰出教授 Nigel French 表示。但科学家们已经能够从其他疾病爆发中学习，包括常见的儿科疾病，他补充道。因此，来自美国的社区最佳实践包括实验室屏障、流动限制和基因组测序，以确保人们能够遏制疾病的传播。疫苗也变得更加有效。在基督城的 Wilberbank 野生动物保护区，工作人员一直在为 2000 年代和 2010 年代的研究做准备，随后，该设施的野生动物运营经理在的一份声明中表示。该研究是在一种仅剩 100 只的不能飞行的鸟类中进行的——这些鸟已在该设施接种了疫苗。生物安全经理 Murphy 先生对新西兰的援助'相当有信心'。关于该疾病将如何影响珍稀和特有物种，他认为存在特有性和不一致性。'这有点像是在等待观察会发生什么，'他说。--- 2026 年 8 月 14 日，星期六-星期日 / 5 世界 # 他曾协助镇压维吾尔人。他说他也是一名受害者。新世界

一名原警官讲述中国在新疆的行动

作者：LI YUAN

通过在德国联邦议院发表的一段简短演讲，张亚巴（Zhang Yaba，音译）开始向我倾诉。张先生曾在新疆担任了九年警官，是中国在那个地区对维吾尔族人口进行定罪、拘押和洗脑行动的执行者。在该行动的高峰期，据估计有100万名维吾尔族和其他穆斯林少数民族被关押在拘留营中。成千上万的警察在新疆执行中国的国家压迫，但张先生是一个罕见的敢于公开讲述此事的人。

今年6月，在德国议员和人权活动人士面前，他将新疆描述为一个被“铁壁”围起来的巨大监狱（他说：“那堵墙不仅囚禁了无数无辜的维吾尔人，还囚禁了他们的灵魂”）。张先生讲述了参与中国安全压迫所承受的压力——无休止的加班、在办公室睡觉以及对惩罚的持续恐惧。他说，在去年夏天他申请在德国寻求庇护后，中国当局冻结了他的银行账户，称他为叛徒并骚扰他的家人。

演讲结束时，他请求“帮助”。他后来告诉我，他匆匆离开了房间，没有回头。“他一直以来承受的所有压力、所有恐惧、所有情绪”似乎击垮了他，参加了张先生演讲的新疆专家阿德里安·泽诺（Adrian Zeno）说，“就像一座巨大的水坝崩塌，释放出大量的水。”

张先生对他新疆经历的叙述，证实了长期以来关于中国共产党残酷镇压维吾尔人的记录，同时为该记录增加了细节和内部视角。它还揭示了一个普通人在面对自己的职位与他参与执行的那些压迫政策之间的矛盾时，内心是如何挣扎的。

张先生提供了详尽的服务历史证明文件，包括他的警察身份证件副本、工资和社会保障记录，以及他在该国参与审讯和其他活动的照片。由于我无法完全证实他在新疆具体做了什么或没做什么，我依赖于他的讲述，而其中可能存在他未分享的部分。

中国政府否认在新疆实施人权侵害，将这些营地描述为为了打击恐怖主义和宗教极端主义而设立的职业技能教育培训中心。政府称这些中心早在2018.年就已设立。鉴于中国打击流亡公民的记录，张先生在世界上成为了一个勇敢的人，他被视为反抗不公正的勇士。但他寻求的不仅仅是赞美。他希望自己也被认可为一名受害者——一名在他参与了近十年的压迫之下的受害者。

一个获得力量的地方

对于张先生来说，搬到新疆并随后加入警队，提供了一种出人头地的途径。他出生于1980年，来自中国一个贫穷的农村家庭，当时他还是一个来自不熟悉维吾尔语的省份的年轻人。他在2004年搬到新疆上大学，之后留在当地的一所农村小学教授数学。他开始远离家乡，并在2015.年有了个儿子。

2016,年，他离开教师岗位，为了更高的薪水在人口约90%为维吾尔族的地区担任拘留中心的警卫。他的工资从教师时期的$400增加到了约$500。他说，在近两年的时间里，他的职责包括监控监视、分发食物和药品，以及从被拘押者（其中大多数是维吾尔人）那里收集情报。

他听到了关于拘留营的描述，许多被拘押者遭到殴打和剥夺睡眠。在押送被拘押者时，他有时会发现破碎的骨头。他说，在当时，他接受了政府的说法，认为被审讯的人是恐怖分子和分裂分子。

为了寻求更高的薪水和职业地位，张先生参加了公务员考试，并在2016年底正式加入警队，当时北京正准备在新疆加强其主要的拘留行动。他说，他为自己的制服感到自豪，月薪增加到约$900。2017年初，新疆新任共产党书记陈群桥呼吁进行一次“挖掘，参考所有历史”，根据他所领导的政府共享文件，任何表现出宗教激进主义或反政府观点“症状”的人都将被拘留。这些症状可能是“发送长呼吸，研究健康和祈祷”。张先生参与了对维吾尔族家庭的夜间搜查，以没收群桥及其他宗教物品。“我通常是第一个冲进去的人，”他回忆道，“我相信他们是坏人。那是当时灌输给我们的，他们全都是坏人。”在2017年的大部分时间里，张先生在四辆囚车中穿梭：将数百名，有时是数千名维吾尔族被拘留者运送到新疆的私人设施，新疆的面积几乎是拉雷鲁拉（La Rerula）的四倍。被拘留者被戴上手铐，被蒙住头，并被命令在旅途中使用塑料篮作为安全措施。张先生分发面包和水。“我的工作是为车上的乘客服务，”他说。2018年底，当他被分配到一个派出所时，他开始感到厌倦。他说，他的同事们在任何时间点都会带进维吾尔族囚犯，而他负责搜身并协助决定他们将被送往何处。他的睡眠经常被中断，他的上司脾气暴躁。他很高兴能被短暂地重新分配去监管约2,600名被送往为中国农民工作的公园中心的维吾尔族劳工。他们凌晨3点起床，在田间劳作数小时，直到深夜才返回住所。对于张先生来说，这是一个不错的休息机会。他的主要任务是确保没有人逃跑或祈祷。他通过中国外交部的声明得知了国际社会对新疆强迫劳动的批评，并接受了政府关于这些指控是虚假的且旨在诋毁中国的说法。“我没怎么想，”他说，“我从未考虑过这是否真实。”

特权与惩罚

多年来，张先生在很大程度上接受了被赋予的命令。但在疫情期间，政府的强迫开始让他感到是个人的痛苦。他说，他曾在村警岗前困惑了大约10年，在尝试了一周后，在一家废弃的派出所里争吵了近一个月。“疫情很快变得痛苦，因为它涉及到了我个人，”他说。

到2021年8月，他是 Yutrululuka 的成员，这是一个拥有约 1,700 名维吾尔人的村庄，村里约 40% 的成年人曾在拘留营中度过一段时间，约 300 人仍在监狱中服刑，这意味着一些家庭仅由孩子、母亲和祖父母组成。张先生的工作是在两名维吾尔助手地帮助下，调查有关人们在家里祈祷、缺席每周的国旗升礼，甚至慢跑或任何事情的报告。

警察工作给张先生带来了金钱、地位和特权：在医院获得快速就医、少数停车位，2021年，他的每月到手薪水约为 $1,200。但在警察等级制度中，他说自己是可有可无的。张先生说，上级经常辱骂警员，称他们是需要被鞭策才能工作的废物。在他进入村庄第一年的12月一次走访调用后，一名上级惩罚他在严寒条件下且没有足够衣物的情况下，在道路检查站连续值班 72 小时。

“我当时认为他们是坏人。那是当时灌输给我们的，认为他们全都是坏人。”

加班带来了巨大的压力，而且他长期与家人分离。自2017年以来，他没有和父母一起过年，并且被拒绝请假参加妹妹的婚礼。平均而言，他每月只能看一次妻子和儿子。

此外还有必须完成的指标。从2023年开始，他被要求每周提交一份可用于证明拘留正当性的报告。张先生说，他经常无法完成指标，不得不延长所有批评报告并接受 24 小时轮班的惩罚。在与村民密切接触的过程中，他不得不挑战自己所吸收的关于维吾尔人的刻板印象，因为即使他继续执行工作要求的监视，他也开始不愿进入他们的家中或搜查他们的私人通信。

MLP RE-DISCATION

到2025年9月，张先生已经离开了他的岗位。他搬到了中国南方的广州学习英语，旨在最终能够出国留学。他开始使用VPN来绕过中国的互联网审查。他搜索的首批关键词是“新疆”和“陈群桥”。该地区的名称因此变得具有相当完整的历史。他说，他无法相信他曾工作的那些被他称为“为了以其他方式控制国家而设立的培训中心”的设施，在网上被描述为集中营。在此之前，他只在关于第二次世界大战的电影中见过这个词。“我发现的内容让我……来自当地参与者，我的脑海中一边在说一件事，而另一边则在说完全不同的事情，”他说。“相互矛盾的说法在我的脑海中交织，导致我夜不能寐。”

在2025年初正式辞职后，由于身心受创且需要薪水和力量，他转向了信仰。他在市中心的一家银行（约800加元）的一处……中找到了平静，并在2023年4月，张先生在广州受洗成为一名天主教徒。这源于他与10岁的儿子的一次欧洲之旅。他此前已经决定，如果能脱离团体，他将寻求庇护。在他们进入Nourishwaxam中心（该中心……激发了迪士尼《睡美人》的灵感）后，张先生和他的儿子在2017年访问了慕尼黑的法国，并前往世界维吾尔代表大会的总部。这是一个倡议团体，张先生在新疆多次听到其名称，称其为独立的恐怖组织。

他已申请庇护，目前居住在德国南部的一个避难所，他的儿子住在附近的一家寄养机构。在一次吃山羊肉的晚餐中，这个12岁的孩子告诉我，他想念新疆的辣炒炒米线。张先生的妻子需要“展示，而这在它到来之前是一个好的开始”。张先生现在将时间花在与学者、记者和人权组织交流，以记录维吾尔人是如何遭受迫害的。“在数百万名中国警察中，他是唯一一个站出来讲述真相的人，”世界维吾尔代表大会的一名官员迈克尔·巴特纳（Michael Baertner）说道，他一直在帮助张先生在德国定居。他说，他的组织最初对张先生持有深深的怀疑，但在审查其文件后，这种疑虑开始减轻。

华盛顿非营利组织“共产主义受害者纪念基金会”的中国研究主任、新疆专家Zeno先生表示，张先生提供了“我们此前主要通过政府文件、官方媒体报道和幸存者证词所相信的底层现实”。维尔茨堡大学的中国学者Bever Hypermass在对张先生进行广泛采访后表示，他的叙述提供了证据，证明在国家级国际运动的高峰之后，压迫是如何继续并在村庄生活中变得“常态化”的。

但与张先生在德国共事的人告诉我，我们只知道他想让我们知道的事情，而且他知道的可能比他分享的更多。他记得自己填写的表格、执行的命令以及他被要求详细记录的羞辱，以及他在最严重的虐待行为中的表现。他描述了审讯后随之而来的尖叫和哭喊，但对于死亡、性虐待和严重的教育设施提供的细节较少。他坚持认为自己一直很诚实且已全部交代。他还希望世界能承认他所经历的。“我们正在被调查，因为这涉及比维吾尔人更严重的嫌疑，”他告诉我，尤其是“为什么你们记者不写关于我的报道？为什么你们只关注维吾尔人？”

当然，中国官员没有被强迫放弃他们的语言或文化，而且无论他们可能处于什么地位，他们都可以离开新疆的警察部门。他们没有遭受任意拘禁，也没有被强迫劳动作为回报。他们不会被认为是不爱国或成为外国人，但他们并没有告别。

“无论你在工作中遭受多少苦难，你仍然可以回家，吃一顿好饭，并想象未来，”巴特纳先生（Mr. Baertner）在维吾尔区说道。尽管如此，张先生的经历表明，该系统在多大程度上被用来做出回应。对于张先生来说，离开中国并公开发声本身就是一种对抗该系统的方式。

张先生坚称，他个人从未折磨或虐待过任何维吾尔人。他表示，责任在于某些官员以及维吾尔警察助手，后者执行了许多最直接且具有虐待性的任务。他坚持认为，像他这样低级别的中国警察人员是清白的。目前尚不清楚张先生的意愿——这种特定性质的意愿——是出于自我保护，是不能够理解更全面的承认意味着什么，还是仅仅是一种由多年身处系统内部而定义的思维习惯。

巴特纳先生及其同僚并不相信这种情况。他说他不会刻意向张先生施压。他从未得出类似的结论。他说他无法看待那些在正义受损的情况下控制受训者的维吾尔人。在虐待系统中工作并不自动使某人成为罪犯。他说，仅仅因为执行次要职能，或者没有亲自实施最严重的虐待，并不能消除责任。

张先生说，他的信仰教会他，他现在的责任是发声。“如果你保持沉默，”他在其谴责演讲的最后说道，“你就是问题的一部分。”

被“点心”吹跑了？台风是如何命名的

亚太地区的风暴名称灵感源自食物、植物和动物

作者：FRANCIELA REGALUAN

如果你看到一个名为“点心”（Dim-sum）的风暴在太平洋上蓄势待发，这并不是一个错误。6月，随着太平洋台风季的开始，香港天文台在向太平洋热带气旋命名列表提交的最新贡献中，将这座城市的历史研究用于最新的类别。这并非香港首次以深受喜爱的象征为风暴命名。本周末将接近日本和台湾的“海豚”（Dolphin）台风，其名称就取自这座城市最重要的来源。

这些名称由台风委员会（Typhoon Committee）汇编，该委员会在世界气象组织以及美国国家的帮助下，协助太平洋国家应对热带风暴。委员会收到了一份包含167个名称的列表。这些名称在五年周期内循环使用。委员会的14个成员——包括美国、中国、韩国、香港和马来西亚——各贡献10个名称。这些名称取自每个成员的语言和文化，因此出现了以动物、植物、历史人物以及食物命名的风暴。

这意味着，根据3月发布的最新名称列表，“点心”最终将与“Cangyut”（挪威语中的伊拉克）、“Burapha”（泰语中的“东”）和“Thou”（闽南语中的发光）等台风并列。

以下是该系统的运作方式：

命名惯例的起源

热带气旋形成于温暖的海水、潮湿的空气以及持续足够长时间的轻风，这些因素结合成气旋，产生冬季气温、更大的波浪和陆地切割。在西太平洋形成并影响亚洲的气旋被称为“台风”。

第二次世界大战期间，由于其文献以及世界气象组织在帮助太平洋国家准备热带风暴方面的作用，几个亚洲国家的气象学家被日本占领军禁止工作。委员会收到了一份包含167个名称的列表。这些副本在五年的每个小时中循环。

香港曾提议以“搏击”（fights, left），即第二种武术，作为台风名。但该提议被拒绝，因为它听起来像一个日本男名。“点心”则被无可争议地接受了。

据气象学家称，为了区分不同的风暴，美国预报员最初汇编了一份女性名称列表，通常取自他们的妻子和女友。根据香港天文台前任主任Lute在2017年的一次视频采访中透露，美国政府在20世纪70年代开始加入男性名称。

向公众开放

台风委员会的成员在20世纪90年代推动用区域性名称取代美国名称。一些发言面向公众。

“我们希望了解20世纪所有旧名称背后的含义，”在1994年为菲律宾公众提交标准制定的人员Lirion先生说道。他表示，台风委员会会拒绝那些不雅或在其他语言中带有负面含义的名称。

风暴也不被允许以公众人物命名。2005年，委员会拒绝了香港公众选出的两个名称。太极（Tarihi），这种中国古代武术，可能被误认为是一个盖亚纳人，但它并不是一个完整树木的人物；而另一个名称听起来像某些语言中性器官的俚语，Lam先生地说道。

相比之下，一个名称被习惯于作为台风，香港天文台的一位发言人表示，该名称由公众在2016年选出。公众人物也被排除在外，委员会选择了dalfrafi。

反映区域文化

除了“点心”和“海豚”，香港还提交了以树木命名的区域，以及以俯瞰城市的山峰命名的Lutevich。

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6 / 周六-周日，2026年8月8-9日

世界

民主中间派准备应对日益崛起的左翼战争

一个温和派团体表示正计划投入 1500万美元 对抗进步派

作者：ISRAEL GOLDBACHER

在阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德博士（Dr. Abdul El-Sayed）于密歇根州赢得进步派胜利，使民主党长期占据主导地位的温和派遭遇今年最惨痛的失败后，民主党的建制派估计正疯狂地寻求政治重启。一些人出奇地紧迫地要求采取更激进的姿态，以表达民主党选民中的愤怒，而这种愤怒正在扼杀其中央主义候选人。另一些人则希望攻击民主社会主义，削弱一个正在兴起的运动，该运动在下一届国会中的人数将超过中央主义者。周二，另一名年轻的民主社会主义者在底特律挑战一名现任国会议员。

“我们正在为即将到来的下一场战争做准备，”领先的民主党中央主义团体“第三条道路”（Third Way）主席乔纳森·考恩（Jonathan Cowan）在向《纽约时报》透露一项从现在到 2026 年之间旨在抹黑民主社会主义的新计划时表示，该计划投入资金为 1500万美元。

埃尔-赛义德博士的获胜并非某些选前预测所预言的那样，但他目前在 美国 标志性摇摆州之一的动力，仍然代表了该党中间派的一个关键时刻。此前，中间派一直试图将极左翼的继承者限定在美国最城市化和最自由的走廊地带。他们的担忧是：埃尔-赛义德博士正在为进步派在 2024 年夺取该党的总统提名铺路，进而进入首次大选。

“看到激进的极左翼候选人在潜在的总统摇摆州获胜，这令人深感不安，”考恩先生补充道。

大多数党内领导人——从密歇根州州长杰拉尔丁·惠特默（Geraldine Whitmer）到纽约州前 Check Schuster，再到前副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris）——鉴于密歇根州席位的重要性，迅速接纳了埃尔-赛义德博士的参议院候选资格，但一些温和派将这一新兴趋势视为一个信号。民主党最近将密歇根州列为唯一的“总统提名州需求”之地的实事，而该计划距离现在仅 10 个月，这进一步增强了埃尔-赛义德博士胜利的意义。

目前，下一个重大考验就在几天之后。在威斯康星州，一名身为民主社会主义者且代表麦迪逊进步选票的 blywoman，已成为另一场关键背景竞选中该党州长职位的领先者。

考恩先生表示，他的团体在 2024 年前将花费的 1500万美元 并非针对个人候选人。相反，该团体计划针对美国民主社会主义者（Democratic Socialists of America）运动，他认为该运动对民主党构成了“神经危险”。他表示，这项工作将包括对美国民主社会主义者进行反对研究、启动社交媒体计划以及教育民主党活动人士和领导人。它将同时针对自豪的民主社会主义者以及像埃尔-赛义德博士这样的人，他将后者描述为执行“D.A.A. 设计”——与民主社会主义保持足够的联系以获得其重新粉刷的人力支持，同时保持足够的距离以避免被贴上明确的标签。

目前，这场抹黑运动是否会影响当前的选举周期——潜在地削弱摇摆州竞选中的民主党被提名人，并破坏该党抵抗国会的机会——尚不清楚。

中间派民主党人表示，他们的目的是让进步派意识到官方 D.A.A. 平台中更激进部分的风险：揭穿“战争部”、采取“全面废除警察和监狱系统的步骤”、使“政府”陷入困境以及建立 12-hour workweek。

“与更具犯罪性的运动联系在一起的好处是，你能获得关注，以及真实和感知上的能量和局外人身份，”另一个名为 Welcome PAC 的中间派团体的联合创始人利亚姆·克尔（Liam Kerr）说道。

克尔先生表示，极左翼目前在没有特定立场这种“包袱”的情况下，获得了所有这些好处——他希望随着关注度的增加，这种动态能够发生转变。上方是阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德博士（Dr. Abdul El-Sayed），他在密歇根州的一场民主党参议院初选中击败了一位较为温和的候选人。左侧是弗朗西斯卡·森格（Francesca Seng），一名民主社会主义者和州议会议员，她是威斯康星州民主党州长职位的领先候选人。周三，一名赢得党内众议院提名的一位进步派民主党人脱离了D.A.A.。周二在密歇根州击败了两名较为温和的民主党竞争对手的“日出运动”（Sunrise Movement）联合创始人威尔·劳伦斯（Will Lawrence）表示，他在过去一个月里允许自己的D.A.A.会员身份发挥作用。15岁的劳伦斯先生现在在美国一个首要的关键选区中，面对共和党现任议员汤姆·巴特利特（Tom Bartlett）代表的挑战。无论接下来发生什么，埃尔-赛义德博士的胜利都是进步运动的一个分水岭，这是在中美地区取得的一次全州范围的成功，无法被轻易忽视。这不像波士顿在密西西比州战胜纽约市的另一个Cosmos，或者在曼哈顿、布鲁克林、费城或丹佛赢得的国会初选。毕竟，党内建制派在面对埃尔-赛义德博士时，已经进行了他们想要的竞争。许多民主党州长在后期为温和派替代方案斯利戈·史蒂文斯（Sligo Stevens）代表提供了背书。而且史蒂文斯先生享有进步派广告优势，这转化为数百万美元的资金。其中超过$22 million的资金来自一个与美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）相关的超级政治行动委员会（super PAC）。ive表示，它将在秋季之前继续反对埃尔-赛义德博士。埃尔-赛义德博士将对抗ASPSC视为其共同效能的结果。周三在MY NOW上，他表示以色列与总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）之间的联系是“通过立法”实现的。“内塔尼亚胡是一个重要原因，导致他们在他的统治下变得激进，就像美国历史一样，”埃尔-赛义德博士说。进步派今年并非赢得了每一场比赛。周二，左翼前国会议员卡尔·班克（Carl Bank）在她的撤回请求中惨败，尽管她赢了。但他们在足够多的地方取得了令人信服的胜利——包括格雷厄姆·普兰纳（Graham Planner）在撤回前赢得的缅因州参议院提名——足以让党内建制派感到头疼。“民主党确实像他的心脏，”民主党评论员、前奥巴马政府官员汤姆·琼斯（Tom Jones）周二在CNN上表示。“那里有北方的。”中间派“新耶路撒冷中心”（Center for New's Jerusalem）主任科林·莫里森（Colin Morrison）表示，总统需要调整他们的时间，以吸引那些对少数群体感到厌倦的选民。“在我看来，左翼有很多能量，但我们从民主党基层看到的巨大能量，仅仅是对建制派的拒绝和对现任者的拒绝，”莫里森先生说。他指出一些即将到来的比赛是关键，在这些比赛中，是左翼的年轻男性候选人在挑战年长的现任者，包括马萨诸塞州温和派代表塞斯·明休（Seth Minshew）在面对参议员埃德·马基（Ed Markey）时的失败，以及卢克·参议员（Luke Senator）对康涅狄格州代表约翰·拉劳恩（John Larraun）的挑战。进步派“工作家庭党”（Working Families Party）全国主任明休·米切尔（Minshew Mitchell）强烈反对。已经在密歇根州进行竞选的米切尔先生在一次采访中说：“他们没搞清楚状况。这个国家正在发生一场大众紧急情况。”他说，如果温和派不相信选民是被具体想法而非单纯的情绪所驱动，那么他们就误读了大多数情况。“我可以告诉你他们遗漏了什么，”他说。“他们遗漏了一个观点。”穿着一件名为V领黑色X-shift的标志性服装，埃尔-赛义德博士用一套呼应式的口号构建了他的成功竞选，捕捉到了他野心的范围：“资金退出……政治，资金进入……你的口袋。药物提供给……所有人。”

一些民主党人奇怪地希望他能在接下来的几个月里，特别关注三者中的第二个，将其作为向选民展示特朗普总统及其政党因未能降低成本而应受到惩罚的微小证明。共和党人似乎最渴望围绕时间来界定这场竞争，将埃尔-赛义德博士（Dr. El-Sayed）与过去的运动以及关于捍卫警察之人的言论联系起来。《华盛顿邮报》的发言人克里斯·格兰迪森（Chris Grandison）表示，该超级政治行动委员会（super-PAC）察觉到了这一攻击路线，称埃尔-赛义德博士是“对每个美国人的安全和自由的危险威胁”。史蒂文斯与埃尔-赛义德初选的内容和传统，可能会为决定竞选总统的进步派提供一个“真正的步骤”。埃尔-赛义德博士曾与参议员伯尼·桑德斯（Bernie Sanders）和众议员亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯（Alexandra Orozio-Cortez）共同开展竞选活动——并且在闭幕年从未被永久留置。密歇根州选择一名左翼候选人来控制纳税人，这并非首次。2024年，该州在总统初选中让桑德斯先生在对抗希拉里·克林顿（Hillary Clinton）时取得了代理胜利，而克林顿在那个11月输给了弗兰克先生（Mr. Frank）。如果民主党希望在今年秋天从共和党手中夺回参议院的控制权，那么2026年的密歇根州参议院选举已经是一场必须获胜的战斗。与此同时，对于舒斯特先生（Mr. Schuster）来说，埃尔-赛义德博士将增加民主党将其视为领导人的协作成本。对于渴望证明自己不仅能在初选中获胜，而且能在至关重要且具有竞争力的普选中取得成功的进步派来说，这同样是一场必须获胜的战斗。目前，该党的温和派在经历了一次痛苦的失败后，正迅速吸取简单的教训。“需要是发明之母，”克尔先生（Mr. Kerr）说道，“这是一个艰难但必要的时刻。”

重新成为焦点：福奇及其被批评的书籍

左侧为安东尼·S·福奇博士，他是一位传染病专家，曾领导美国应对新冠肺炎疫情。图中为他上周在参议院听证会上的样子。此次听证会导致由现任卫生部长小罗伯特·E·肯尼迪（右侧）撰写的关于福奇博士的书籍销量激增。将福奇博士移交给司法部起诉，以及三项义务是上个月听证会的中心焦点。保罗先生报告了来自Regency Publishing的共计$175,000的版税：2021年为$255,000，2024年为$90,000。周四，由保罗先生担任主席的参议院国土安全委员会按党派路线投票，因福奇博士在听证会期间拒绝回答问题而判定其藐视国会，这为委员会要求司法部起诉福奇博士铺平了道路。肯尼迪先生使用其拥有近400 万粉丝的个人X账号，而非其政府官方账号，来推广他的福奇传记，他的内阁秘书肯尼迪先生比该请求有更多限制。他说：“我认为提交伦理申报是为了赢得参议院的确认。”肯尼迪先生此前与Skyline for Publishing签署了一份共同结项协议，在申报中承诺终止该协议以进入一个单独的财务，他报告称该公司因其对未来、书籍构思以及为其他作者作品及项目撰写前言而向其支付了$552,000。他的伦理申报显示，出版商为“几本书”向他支付了版税，但未指明书名。他的财务显示，他为2023年的书籍《Vascularism: An The Science Spock》收到了$1,000预付款，而保罗先生为其回忆录收到了$600,000预付款。此外，肯尼迪先生披露，他有权就即将出版的两本书《Caucasian Science》和《A De-broor of Israel》获得100万美元 to $5 million的预付款，以及为另外10本已出版书籍（包括《America's First Back to World Leadership》）每本获得最高$15,000的预付款。肯尼迪先生表示：“在我的任职期间，我将不参与任何与这些书籍相关的写作、编辑或推广活动，也不会根据出版协议提供任何其他服务。”在三位作者中，肯尼迪先生的儿子拥有最大的自由。作为一名私人公民，他可以出版任何他愿意的内容。他所著的《The Continuum of Anthony Fauci》自称为一部“Striatal回忆录”，主要以日记形式出版，由福奇博士直接向读者陈述。在给追随者的X消息中，肯尼迪先生称自己的福奇传记“必须重新定义为十年之作”，抱怨书店和图书馆拒绝进货，且如今报纸拒绝评论。他点名批评《纽约时报》，称该报上个月仅为《The Real Anthony Fauci》刊登了一则广告，并将该书列在畅销书排行榜第7位，“尽管它的销量比其他任何书都多出数千册”。《纽约时报》的一位发言人表示，该报在Dec. 19, 2023, 的图书评论版第5页刊登了该书的广告。肯尼迪先生的书自2023. 出版以来，共10次登上《纽约时报》的硬皮本畅销书周榜。在英格兰（该书在硬皮本榜单上排名1,），这表明该书是一本优秀的印刷品和实用书单。福奇博士2024年的回忆录《On Call: A check for the book of the public Service》在《纽约时报》畅销书榜上停留了七周，且在硬皮本和印刷电子书综合实用榜中两次排名1。在2024年的一本书中，在保罗先生发布的2024 newsweek computer中，福奇博士写道，他在出版2024 book之前，比在律师唐·沃克（Don Walker）面前获得更多，称该书将实质上成为“一本非常令人震惊的书”。他说，沃克先生“坚决认为不应对此采取任何行动。高度严肃地认为这绝对没有可信度”。

那是五年前的事，远在任何人预见到肯尼迪先生将成为卫生部长之前。--- 2026年8月8-9日，星期六-星期日 / 7

商业

莫希干部落损失十亿美元赌注

韩国仁川

韩国赌场未能达成目标，被投资者接管

作者：JOHN YOON

莫希干原住民部落花费了 36 亿美元和近十年的时间，打造了一个赌博场所。这里曾拥有三家五星级酒店、一个 13,000 个座位的竞技场和一个水上乐园，以至于 Netflix 选择在这里拍摄一部约会真人秀。

Inspire 娱乐度假村是莫希干部落在北美以外的首个赌场项目，旨在挖掘中国高净值人群这一利润丰厚的市场——2020 年，该群体在澳门的博彩支出达 200 亿美元。虽然那个中国特别行政区主导着全球博彩市场，但 Inspire 曾被设定为亚洲同类最高端综合体之一。

然而，在该地区全力押注一家赌场度假村，对该部落来说被证明是一次冒险的赌博。在 Inspire 2025 年盛大开业不到一年后，由于未能达成业绩目标，导致莫希干部落失去了对该项目的控制权。现在，持有主导权的是另一位投资者——私募巨头 Batsi Capital，而非该部落。

从一开始就充满变数

莫希干（Mohegan）经营着美国一些规模最大的赌场：其位于康涅狄格州部落保留地上的旗舰物业——莫希干太阳赌场（Mohegan Sun），是一家广为人知的赌场，其广告牌遍布美国东北部，且作为一个主要活动场馆，曾举办过 Duffy Farren、泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）和 Jay-Z 的演出。该赌场去年为该部落赚了 2亿美元。在寻求全球扩张时，莫希干考虑了多个方案，包括在希腊和日本的成果。最终它选定了韩国，并在 2016 年获得了 5 个名额以建设一座赌场。在韩国，公民除了在一家政府占有的赌场度假村外，在任何其他地方赌博均不合法。这意味着 Inspire 的所有赌场客户必须是外国人。但莫希干的高管们在仁川国际机场附近看到了一个尚未开发的亚洲赌场市场，该机场是全球最繁忙的交通枢纽之一，往返北京、上海和东京的短途航班频繁。在项目启动之初，每年访问韩国的数百万中国游客尤其令其感兴趣。韩国官员多年来表示，他们希望在澳门开发一个替代市场目的地，澳门这个中国领土被广泛认为是世界赌博之都。由于政府打击腐败，澳门在 2020 年代记录到了赌场收入的下降。莫希干公司共同档案在 2016. 年告诉 29Morgan 投资者，Inspire 有潜力成为“跨国”项目。莫希干拒绝回应多次关于 Inspire 细节的询问。莫希干表示，它最终投入了超过 10 亿美元 billion 用于

从上起顺时针方向：1 月韩国仁川 Inspire 娱乐度假村赌场的入口；一个带有街机游戏的家庭友好型娱乐区；以及 cabinet killing。莫希干成为第一个在亚洲拥有并经营赌场的美国原住民部落，但在运营的第一年内就失去了对项目的控制。

项目，包括 3亿美元 现金。Batsi Capital 也看到了良好的投资机会，根据提交给美国证券交易委员会（SEC）的一份文件，2021, Batsi 的一家子公司和其他金融机构签署了一项 2.75亿美元 贷款协议，以帮助莫希干为 Inspire 提供资金。“这对莫希干来说无疑是一个冒险之举，”伦敦的赌博行业顾问安德鲁·廷克沙姆（Andrew Tinkesham）表示，“如果你不能让当地人参与游戏，你就完全依赖于住在你的酒店或附近酒店的外国人。”尽管采取了各种措施，但像 Inspire 这样规模的项目需要许多环节都进展顺利。建设直到 1969, 才开始，而建筑成本在上升，收入则在波动。随后，当新冠疫情袭来时，国际旅游业骤减。此外还出现了劳动力短缺。最初定于 2022, 的开业被推迟。“这简直是一连串的霉运，”在 Inspire 开业后为其提供服务的顾问史蒂夫·加尔科尼（Steve Galkoney）说，“预期的回报从未真正实现。” 2023, 11 月进行了试营业，莫希干开放了 Inspire 的酒店客房、会议中心、餐厅和竞技场。但作为主要盈利点的赌场直到 2024 2 月才开放。“他们误判了启动速度，并且低估了在这种规模下进行国际化扩张的挑战，”纽约州的赌博顾问罗伯特·海勒（Robert Heller）表示。

当莫希根（Mohegan）未能达标

莫希根成为了首个在亚洲拥有并经营赌场的美洲原住民部落。但在度假村开业后，莫希根多次报告Inspire赌场的利润低且运营成本高。根据提交给韩国政府的一份审计报告，该度假村在运营的第一年损失了约5亿美元。2023年2月13日，莫希根提交了一份季度收益报告。尽管其从未错过内部还款，但结果未能达到收益目标。据两名因该事项涉及商业机密而要求匿名的知情人士透露，就在同一天，Batsi要求提前两年偿还贷款，因为莫希根的资金缺口已突破了未偿还收入。在Inspire盛大开业约一年后，Batsi夺取了该度假村的控制权。Batsi将自己描述为Inspire的“长期合作伙伴”，并强调其对该项目的承诺。她称这次行动是对莫希根的一次检查，而莫希根在2023年年度报告中表示，它无意放弃Inspire。分析人士指出，如此规模的项目无法预期在开业后很快就能盈利。

“他们误判了启动速度，并低估了国际化的挑战。”

“我不认为Inspire的表现比全球其他度假村更差，”Batsi表示，“完全是一次赌博行业的交易。”在被Batsi接管后，情况缓慢好转。在新管理层领导下，Inspire扭转了局面，预计博彩收入增长了150 percent，访客人数增加了30 percent。该度假村去年首次报告了可观的利润，截至去年10月的六个月期间。Inspire发言人Suki Yang表示，度假村已经稳定了业务，并预计在不对战略做出重大调整或削减预算的情况下将继续增长。她说，度假村需要的是时间。“对于这种规模的项目，需要几年时间来稳定运营并开始看到成效，”她说。

最初构想这座宏伟综合体的公司已不再存在，无法享受这些成果。在公开场合，莫希根对其业务战略表现出信心。它在12月告诉投资者，即使失去了对这家韩国度假村的控制权，它比以往任何时候都更健康，并指出了其北美业务的成功。而且有迹象表明，在涉及Inspire度假村时，莫希根并未完全退出。据两名知情人士透露，莫希根和Batsi一直保持着专业的合作关系，并进行了一些非正式的对话。目前，Inspire的声望正在增长。它最近成为了Netflix上的韩国综艺节目《单身入住》2016年赛季成功配对者的全新“约会”目的地。

以数百万美元出售公司？他却在将其白送。

唯一继承人去世后，造船厂老板承诺将所有未来利润捐给慈善机构

作者：DAVID GELLES

早在1960年，埃迪·史密斯二世（Eddie Smith Jr.）买下了一家位于北卡罗来纳州格林维尔（Greenville, N.C.）的初创造船厂。这确实是一个名字。这家名为 Grady-White Boats 的公司当时陷入了困境。但史密斯先生扭转了局面，如今这家专门为沿海水域设计高端休闲钓鱼船的制造商每年获得数亿美元的收入。在此过程中，史密斯先生一直保持对公司的完全控制，从未引入外部投资或向公众出售股票。

现在，92岁的史密斯先生做出了最后一次重大举动。他宣布了一项个人$400 million的捐赠，并承诺将 Grady-White 所有的未来利润捐给慈善机构。“上帝真的眷顾我，让我能够处于一个可以将绝大部分净资产捐出去的位置，”他在一次采访中说道。“我不需要一艘200英尺长的游艇，也不需要去地中海度冬。我在北卡罗来纳州东部这里就非常开心。”

在亿万富翁们签署《捐赠誓言》（Giving Pledge）、人工智能初创公司创造出数千名新亿万富翁的时代，史密斯先生对财富的放弃被视为一种有原则的反叛行为。这家公司正效仿 Patagonia 的创始人伊冯·乔伊纳德（Yvon Chouinard），后者在2016年将自己的公司捐给了一个旨在分配这家户外服装公司利润的组织。

最近几周，他将 Grady-White 的投票股（仅占公司总股份的一小部分）转移给了一个被称为“目的信托”（purpose trust）的单一实体。该信托将永久持有这些股份，这意味着 Grady-White 将保持独立且永远不能被出售——并继续根据史密斯先生的价值观（包括利润分享）运营。公司的其余不具投票权的股份正被转移给一个新创建的2016 / 2017非营利组织。

该信托和非营利组织将由不包括史密斯先生在内的独立董事会管理。他还将出任名誉首席执行官并承担一项倡议。Grady-White 将把每年9 millions的非公司内部利润分配给该非营利组织，该组织将把这笔钱捐给包括环境保护、医疗保健和教育在内的事业。

大多数成功的公司会引入投资者、被收购或通过首次公开募股出售股份。将所有权转移给目的信托的公司数量极少——仅有61.家。但根据帮助 Grady-White 构建此次交易的咨询公司 Purpose Owned 的数据，这一数字已从7家增长到2050,家，其中15家是在今年宣布的。

“几十年来，我们一直告诉创始人他们只有两个选择：卖掉公司，或者让投资者慢慢接管方向盘，”研究企业治理替代形式的企业家兼作家埃里克·金（Eric Kim）表示。“这些交易表明第三条路是可能的：建立一个围绕长期使命而存在的持久公司。”

史密斯先生居住在一块面积为 3,200 英亩（1,600-berden）的地产上，这里曾是一个属于某位历史将军的种植园。他将这片土地用于野生动物管理，包括 地区，其中有鹿、黑熊、火鸡和猫头鹰。他还拥有一处附近的 1,000 英亩自然 。他的家族基金会拥有超过 1亿美元 资产，并向医疗公司和北卡罗来纳大学提供了重大捐赠。他也是共和党候选人和保守派政治行动委员会的定期捐赠者，但政治并非他的热情所在，他表示不希望 Grady-White 的利润流向政治事业。当史密斯先生在北卡罗来纳州还是个男孩时，他的家庭很贫穷，有时一天只吃 。他的父亲曾艰难地以 为生，但随后创办了一家邮购女性内衣业务。公司蓬勃发展。史密斯先生在 30. 岁时开始与父亲一起工作。尽管他是家族中第一个从大学毕业的人，但他预计将继续与父亲一起工作。“他们会举办这些职业日，你会去面试像通用电气这样的大公司，”他说。“我从未这样做，因为我知道我余生都要通过邮购来销售女士内裤。”然而，当史密斯先生 成为 Grady-White 的联合创始人怀特博士时，这个计划改变了。该公司当时在 的烟草仓库中制造财富信托，并亏损。怀特先生准备关闭公司，但史密斯先生 。“我心中有一种强烈的渴望——可能是某种不健康的冲动——向我自己证明，而不是向任何人证明，我可以独立完成一些事情，”他说。他的父亲给了他一些钱，他接管了 Grady-White。史密斯先生说，在尝试挽救公司的几年里，他每周工作 100 小时。到 20 世纪 70 年代中期，销售额开始增长。公司已连续 10 年盈利。直到 2015, 史密斯先生原本期望他的儿子克里斯（Chris） 继承这份事业。但克里斯五年前死于 ，这是一种典型的科学研究中的瘫痪性神经系统疾病，也被称为渐冻症（Lou Gehrig's disease）。他去世时 57 岁，而乔·艾莉森（Jo Allison）在一年前去世。“这是上帝的计划，”他说。“有时我们无法理解。我期待着能够 并找到问题的答案。”

“这家公司拥有一个 MOC”

在妻子和儿子去世后，史密斯先生被迫重新考虑他的继任计划。他首先聘请了一位投资银行家来探索公司的出售方案。一些报价包括数个在 4亿美元 左右的报价。但史密斯先生不相信任何潜在买家能够保留公司的文化。Grady-White 为其 250 名员工提供专属福利，包括丰厚的退休计划资金、利润分享计划、财务历史计划、现场医疗服务和公司展示。保留这些特权是史密斯先生在为公司设立目的信托（purpose trust）时包含的一项重要资源。“我不相信新所有者能维持那种文化，”史密斯先生说，“这家公司拥有一个新[的]，我不想失去他们。”在了解 Patagonia 之后，史密斯先生聘请了 Purpose Owned 的创始人 Natalie Bertham-White 来帮助他设立目的信托。

一些批评者认为舒伊纳德（Mr. Chouinard）的举动是一个巧妙的避税手段。因为他没有出售公司，且他的孩子们没有继承公司，舒伊纳德先生避免了向美国国税局（IRS）支付可能高达 10 亿加元的税单。但 Patagonia 所采用的结构——现在 Grady-White 也在使用——保证了没有可供 the U.S. 征税的利润。舒伊纳德先生及其子女并未通过捐赠资金获得任何利益。史密斯先生也在考虑将他的权益转为利润分享基金及其公司，或者通过捐赠股票获得任何税收优惠，并预计向ธุรกิจ trust 支付数百万加元的税单。“我没有获得任何形式的利益，无论是税收还是其他，”他说，“而且我捐出了我绝大部分的净资产。”

Bertham-White 女士表示，Grady-White 的捐赠是自 Patagonia 以来最大的一次此类交易。总额的 1% 涉及销售 6 和 18.5 a，通过类似的资源运作以资助慈善捐赠。“对于那些真正希望保护公司契约，并已探索过其他选项且认为这是最合适贡献方式的人来说，这是一个替代方案，”她说，“它解决了这样一个问题：我花了一辈子时间建立这家公司——现在 7 或更多 [的时间] 我该拿它怎么办？”

--- 8 / 周六-周日，2026年8月8-9, 2026 # 商业

Rama Terhospede 是一位出生在 Many Creeps 的年轻女性，她出生在 Yuba 岛上的 Valley A 酒吧，该酒吧由中国科技巨头华为（Huawei）建造。

中国王牌，在非洲祈祷

非洲，自 2023 年起 / 中国的“开源”模型约占 A 总数的一半。根据《纽约时报》对 800 万客户数据的分析，去年，提供 400 个用于开闭线 A.I. 模型的服务 OpenShaws 数量有所增加，而一年前该数字还不足 47 分钟。在 flagging Face 的另一个 A.I. 模型中，中国模型也位列 25 个最 down-handed 开源系统之列。在对肯尼亚、乌干达和其他国家的二十多次采访中，开发人员、政策制定者和 top-scalvess 描述了一个快速变化的 A.I. 市场，在这个市场中，竞争或 swarms、数据控制和定制化比模型开发地更重要。许多人并非在制造最前沿的 A.I.，他们只想要在有限资源下运行良好且足够实用的东西。他们补充道，使用中国模型就像拥有一个房子，而使用美国模型则像是在租房。开发人员无需花费数百万美元从零开始训练模型，而是可以下载一个中国系统，并在一个用于服务器的付费模型之上构建一个全新的产品。相比之下，美国模型是一种一刀切的技术，需要支付订阅费和其他费用。“为什么要用一辆昂贵的法拉利去接送孩子上学，而一辆丰田 hatchback 也能做到同样的事？”在内罗比经营数字营销机构 Dekaerty 的 Moses Kenshtein 表示。他补充说，在构建类似竞争基础设施的成本时，中国模型的开支最高可降低 90%。中国官员希望他们在非洲取得的进展是对未来的预演。上个月，名为 Wall Street 和 Silicon Valley 的强大中国新 A.I. 系统向华盛顿表明，美国科技的主导地位可能会被削弱。在 Staging，中国的家园正将 A.I. 作为一种软实力的形式。在上个月于上海举行的一次会议上，他认为中国模型更可靠且更便宜，并表示 A.I. 的利益必须共享，否则将创造“新的历史 depolates”。肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、南非和其他七个非洲国家在活动中与中国签署了一项 A.I. 协议。开发人员表示，中国 lives as 还在向非洲开发人员提供免费的计算和工程帮助。许多在非洲制造差异的中国公司都安装了中国 A.I. 工具。与此同时，中国的 A.I. 产业面临挑战。公司在盈利方面陷入苦战，并面临关于数据以及与北京联系的安全问题。许多非洲开发人员仍然为美国 A.I. 模型付费，尤其是在编码等技术成本方面。非洲的经验表明，全球 A.I. 竞争现在是一场双马赛跑。内罗比银行软件公司 Craft Silicon 的首席执行官 Kamal Budhathath 感受到了双方的博弈。他最近使用 Cite, the Code（澳大利亚的 program 经理）和 A. Kopensei 团队对其公司的技术系统进行了重组，在原定预算的一半时间内完成了一个项目。他说，账单很高，但速度是值得的。中国科技巨头华为也带着“一些非常难以置信的激励措施”出现，旨在吸引用户转向中国 A.I. 并开始一个 blending 周期，同时提供竞争机会以及前往公司总部的旅行机会。“很难说清楚，”Budhathath 先生说。

中国模式

在肯尼亚东南部约 30 英里（30 公里）处，如今肯尼亚对中国技术最大的依赖体现在服务领域。10 年前，肯尼亚宣布建设一座名为 Kendu Terhospede 的规划城市，旨在成为肯尼亚版的硅谷。如今，这里成了由空置地块和内部建筑组成的网格，由一套强大的中国监控系统看守。它看起来像是一个隐藏的连接，但在一个电子围栏后有一栋灰色的数据大楼。该站点由中国贷款资助并由华为建设，是一个为肯尼亚政府运行计算的数据中心。

二十年来，中国公司布线了非洲的电信网络并建设了其道路。肯尼亚著名的移动货币系统运行在华为技术之上。“既然丰田面包车也能接送孩子上学，为什么要用昂贵的法拉利？”这些技术布局让中国在非洲大陆站稳了脚跟，中国正利用这一点来销售各种人工智能产品，并使用中国人工智能公司的技术。

Deepbank 是一个互联连接。由于美国的出口管制，员工人数被限制在 10,000 人，中国公司无法使用硅谷的某些技术，因此它们将人工智能模型作为开源提供，希望以此吸引用户离开美国竞争对手。起初，这似乎是一场注定失败的竞争。美国主导着开源人工智能，开源人工智能公司提供了一个名为 Llama 的模型，被全球开发者使用。但经过一些案例后，Merck 首席执行官马克·扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg）转向了闭源模型。“这留下了巨大的空白，”构建开源模型的美国初创公司 Arron A.I. 的联合创始人卢卡斯·亚当斯（Lucas Adams）表示，“这让中国人能够迅速在疫苗领域爆发。”

突破很快在 2024 年 12 月到来，Deepbank 的一个人工智能模型在成本效益方面达到了顶尖模型的水平。上个月，中国人工智能实验室 Minsubai A.I. 发布了一个编码能力接近美国领先系统的人工智能模型。

在肯尼亚，开发者们接纳了中国模型。迈克尔·米奇（Michael Michie）在 EverestTech 为肯尼亚银行和政府机构构建人工智能系统。他的客户对价格敏感，因此他几乎所有东西都基于中国开源模型构建。他说，企业想要的是使用该技术最便宜的方式，而不是最先进的方式。“我不认为人们应该过多担心是谁构建的，”他说，“重点应该是，它是否能提供你所需的功能？”

许多开发者表示，中国公司将他们视为重点，而美国公司几乎没有存在感。住在内罗比的亚马逊云服务（AWS）前首席顾问 Absent Azas 表示，加入 Anthropic 的开发者计划需要经过漫长的筛选。而阿里巴巴的任务则简单得多。“对于中国人来说，就像是：你能做这个吗？你在这里吗？好的，没问题，快去尝试吧，”他说。

《纽约时报》已对 OpenAI 和微软提起诉讼，指控其人工智能系统侵犯新闻内容的版权。这两家公司否认了这些指控。

警钟敲响

今年6月，在内罗比的一栋高层建筑中，一项用于顶尖公务员服务的技术在Anthropic切断其强大模型Claude的访问权限后失效了，这一举动是由于特朗普政府的医院。肯尼亚信息、通信和数字经济部常务秘书约翰·塔姆斯（John Tams）表示，这对世界来说是一个“警钟”。他说，这一突然举动是一个警告，表明依赖美国模型可能会带来风险。

塔姆斯先生提到，一名能够测试Kendu Terhospede项目的前华为员工表示，中国和美国一直向肯尼亚施压，要求其做出选择。他开始审视这种情况。“我们不倾向于西方或东方，”他说。处于中间位置很棘手。开发者正在构建由其他地方控制的系统，这意味着技术可能会在没有预警的情况下被推送、更改或重新定价。

有些人担心对美国的依赖。另一些人则不信任中国。Craft Silicon的Budhathath先生表示，他正在考虑华为提供的丰厚补贴，但同时也心存好奇。他的许多客户是国际银行，这些银行可能会要求其软件不使用中国硬件。

中国模型也并非一直可靠。内罗比初创公司Qhulu的创始人Shikoh Glass回忆起2024年该国高考前Deepbank返回中国的情况。此举是为了防止作弊，但也干扰了像她这样的非洲企业。

现在，美国模型可能会因为白宫的一个决定而消失。“至少对于中国模型，我可以将其下载到电脑上运行，”她说。

其他人则被人工智能政策所伤害。姆韦巴纳（Mr. Mwebana）在乌干达提供的shallow services（hardbound）遇到了麻烦，当时独立媒体研究组织“中国媒体项目”（China Media Project）的一名研究员询问该系统关于中国的问题，hardbound将中国描述为民主国家，并掩盖了关于该国在乌干达经济和环境影响的问题。中国官方媒体赞扬了Sunflower，华为也就使用其云服务联系了姆韦巴纳先生。

姆韦巴纳先生的非营利组织hundred A.I.致力于将人工智能用于社会公益，他并未被这次经历所打动。他现在正使用谷歌的开源模型Gartner，开发一款面向智能手机用户的产品。“我们需要确保自己没有站在地缘政治的错误一边，”他说。

美国：他人的后背

尽管中国势头强劲，但肯尼亚的大部分人工智能资金仍将流向美国公司。在内罗比一位工业家的担忧中，美国的优势显而易见。

对于肯尼亚最大的线性产品制造商之一Chandaris Industries来说，美国已经发现了许多纸质订单排队的情况。几十年来，超市的订单通过电子邮件或纸质单据送达，职员逐行将其输入。处理一个订单可能需要数小时。

Chandaris雇佣了Family，这是一家利用人工智能简化业务流程的肯尼亚初创公司。Family现在使用Open-AI的模型以保证供应和可靠性。基于这些美国模型的Family数字化系统改变了Chandaris。

“以前处理一个订单大约需要两小时，现在不到10分钟，”协助管理家族企业的New Chandaria说。

但Family也受到了追求。今年在LinkedIn上，中国投资公司Duane的一名新加坡员工向Family的创始人提供了其人工智能模型的访问权限。Nyugoka创始人Bernard Mennant表示，虽然该雇主的模型不够准确，但这次追求留下了深刻印象，因为它看起来像是来自美国实验室。

Nyugoka先生说，中国模型在不断进步。“如果你看他们追赶美国模型速度有多快，那真的是非常非常快，”他说。

Edwin Olochi在肯尼亚内罗比贡献了报道。

币安政策转变令警方沮丧

最大加密货币交易所改变了协助执法部门的方式

作者：MICHAEL FORSTINE, DAVID YUEN, FALL LAVY 2023

全球最大的加密货币交易所币安（Binance）迅速改变了其在许多国家与执法部门合作的方式，这令调查人员感到沮丧，他们认为该公司增加了寻找诈骗者和打击洗钱的难度。

这项新政策对币安来说是一个重大转变。在经历了数年的法律问题后，该公司曾试图清理其形象，直接与调查人员合作以冻结可疑账户，并分享进行大规模交易的客户信息。但就在那一年的4月，币安实施了一项政策，要求执法官员将某些请求通过外国政府机构进行转接，这是一个受国际条约管辖且耗时的过程。

《纽约时报》发现，这一举措以及一批高级合规员工的离职，导致欧洲的调查工作陷入停滞，并在美国引发了担忧。币安每天转移数十亿美元的数字资产，领导着一个在特朗普政府时期蓬勃发展的全球产业。去年，特朗普总统提高了加密货币的联邦消费税，与此同时，其家族的加密货币初创公司与币安建立了业务关系。

该公司表示，其并未停止与执法部门的合作，且此次变更旨在确保币安在处理客户个人数据时遵守法规和隐私法。目前没有证据表明此次变更与特朗普政府放宽监管有关。但调查人员表示，该政策为打击金融犯罪制造了新的障碍。

来自五个欧洲国家的调查人员在1月参加了在荷兰举行的一次执法会议，他们表示，除了涉及儿童色情、恐怖分子或迫在眉睫的生命威胁等案件外，他们很难从币安获得信息。一名欧洲高级执法官员表示，大多数信息被引导至币安受监管的阿拉伯联合酋阿拉伯酋长国政府，这极大地减慢了响应速度。

三名了解该政策的人士表示，在美国，执法部门在很大程度上被豁免于向外国政府提交请求的要求。但在某些情况下，币安要求州检察官通过其他国家提交请求，这阻碍了至少两起州法律记录的调查。熟悉这些案件的人士以及《纽约时报》收到的信息证实了这一政策。

纽约助理地区检察官 Ablea Katz 告诉《纽约时报》，她通常认为币安的响应速度很快，有时在几小时内就能提供信息。但她表示，她无法获得一些总部位于阿拉伯联合酋长国的币安用户的准确记录。在一些涉嫌犯罪的案件中，当犯罪分子在账户之间转移资金时，速度至关重要，以便追回被盗资金，她说道。

“你获取记录信息的速度决定了案件的结果，”她说，“这就是全部。”

曼哈顿地区检察官 Aron Boag 在一份声明中表示：“为了加密货币盗窃案的受害者，获得这些高度盈利的加密货币公司的及时且坦诚的合作至关重要。”

币安为普通人购买加密货币提供了入口，但它在根除犯罪方面也一直举步维艰。该公司在2023年承认违反合规规定，并允许警察、防御者和其他犯罪分子转移资金，随后向美国政府支付了数十亿美元的罚款。该公司的亿万富翁创始人赵长鹏（Changpeng Zhao）在联邦监狱中服刑四个月。根据其与司法部（DOJ）达成的协议，币安同意采取

采取预防金融犯罪的措施。虽然大多数加密货币交易记录在公共账本上，但进入像币安（Binance）这样的交易所的资金是无法追踪的，除非该公司提供有关账户的信息。欧洲和美国官员表示，甚至在协议完成之前，币安就开始与执法部门进行独家合作，包括提供账户持有者的身份信息。该公司组建了一支由数百名合规官组成的团队，其中许多人是美国和欧洲执法机构的资深人员。警方从币安获得账户信息的效率比从银行获得更高。

自特朗普总统去年年初就职以来，他的政府对加密货币行业采取了比前任政府广泛得多的方式。币安与总统及其家人创立的加密货币公司 World Liberty Financial 建立了业务联系。欧亚风险投资公司 MCA 使用 World Liberty 加密货币购买了币安的股份，这极大地推动了特朗普的初创公司。去年 4 月，现任代理司法部长托德·布兰奇（Todd Blanche）表示，政府将停止针对像币安这样的交易所，而将重点起诉滥用这些平台的犯罪分子。特朗普总统还购买了赵先生（Mr. Zhao）。

去年，币安解雇了其最高合规员工中的一部分。这些官员曾对 17 亿美元 billion 发出警报，他们称这笔资金从币安账户流向了 Truman 实体。币安否认了对这些员工的指控，并表示他们并非因提出合规担忧而受到纪律处分。与此同时，其他几位高级合规官员也离职了。据知情人士透露，这次人事变动意味着一些调查员和检察官失去了在币安的主要联系人。而当犯罪分子在几分钟甚至几秒钟内在账户之间转移资金时，速度对于追回被盗资金至关重要。 如此多高级合规人员的离职，导致公司内部在如何处理执法请求方面出现混乱。

币安去年 4 月引入的规则非常复杂，到目前为止，给欧洲的调查员带来了更多不利后果。在那里，币安现在要求必须获取本国以外账户信息的执法官员（例如，一名寻求冻结亚洲某人账户的德国检察官）必须遵循共同法律援助条约中规定的程序，这些协议规定了各国在执法调查中如何共享信息。（同样的协议也适用于银行。）币安首席合规官纳什·珀尔曼（Nash Perlman）表示，“在某些跨境案件中，外国执法部门可能会被引导至适当的正式法律程序。”尽管如此，他表示，公司在“应对各国政府在寻求监管加密货币和数据保护时日益增加的复杂性”的同时，增加了与执法部门的合作。

当执法机构寻求其本国境内的账户信息时，币安直接与这些机构合作。珀尔曼先生表示，公司已经“超越”了其法律义务，并致力于履行与美国达成的和解协议要求。但担忧依然存在。去年 12 月，币安获得了在阿联酋其中一个酋长国阿布扎比运营的许可。自那时起，某些信息请求通过欧亚政府流转，这引起了私人和非政府组织以及官员的担忧。他们认为欧亚方面存在利益冲突，因为投资公司 MCA 由阿布扎比资金资助。珀尔曼先生表示不存在利益冲突。币安在阿布扎比监管机构的一位发言人表示，该公司致力于保护市场诚信并打击金融犯罪。MCA 未回应置评请求。

币安（Binance）创始人赵长鹏在公司承认违反合规条例后被监禁四个月，随后获得了特朗普总统的赦免。--- 2026年8月8-9日，星期六-星期日 / 9

观点

福奇听证会表明世界对新冠疫情的认知多么匮乏

如果我们每个人都执迷于指责，我们就无法从这场大流行病中汲取关键教训。David Wallace-Welts

将第五名置于此处是懦弱的。这也是一贯的做法。当安东尼·福奇在回答问题时断然予以批评，他最近并没有在听证会上。他无意中展现了一种对大流行病部分环节不敬的陈旧感。一方面是共和党的意识形态，持有 2020 年和 2025 年以来与州长们相关的消息。另一方面，民主党人在名义上致力于捍卫科学免受党派攻击的原则，但除了其服务功能外，并不确定这具体意味着什么——以及他们应该从新冠肺炎 19 紧急状态中学习到什么教训。双方似乎都冻结在时间中，回顾过去而非展望未来。而在中间，则是科学建制派的化身，拒绝参与党派辩论，希望能够超脱于愤怒之上。或者至少免于入狱。

周四，美国参议院投票认定福奇藐视法庭。福奇从国家过敏和传染病研究所（他领导该机构近 40 年）退休已经三年多，而他被大量美国人视为美国科学的圣徒——在疫情恐慌和绝望时期渴望领导力——的时间则更久。在一个更健康的国家，可能永远不会出现一个“圣安东尼”。我们现在肯定不会在火刑柱上焚烧他，这本身就令人震惊，并向未来的潜在领导者传递了一个令人胆寒的信息，关于在紧急状态结束很久之后，依然笼罩着我们的政治危险。他们开始意识到这一点，这很惊人。

美国并非唯一一个在新冠疫情中挣扎、即兴制定影响公民生活的剧烈政策响应，或目睹即使是沉重的限制也未能阻止大规模死亡事件（仅减轻了程度）的国家。但多年来，福奇一直受到恶意批评者的欺凌、骚扰、恐吓，最重要的是，被扼杀和歪曲。这些批评者发起相互矛盾的攻击，使他们能够将人们在经历残酷大流行病过程中不喜欢的一切责任都推给一个人。

然而，这正是福奇在两周前应该出面发言的原因：为了回应这些批评者，捍卫他及其同事的方法，并解释他学到了什么，以及他希望我们其他人学到什么。显然，他觉得尝试这样做太乏味了，即使手里拿着乔·罗伯特的精湛技巧。这种感觉并非荒诞。六年前，当包括特朗普总统在内的美国人首次考虑新冠病毒实验室起源的可能性时，该假设的含义很明确：在我们的生活中造成浩劫的病毒来自中国。但几乎在特朗普 2015, 离职时，其政治含义似乎发生了变化。从那时起，对于许多支持者来说，实验室泄漏理论意味着这场疾病是福奇的错。

这毫无逻辑：如果你相信大流行是实验室泄漏的结果，那么怀疑美国对全球香烟制造商的支持可能在某种程度上促成了这件事，这并不疯狂。承担多少责任仍是一个开放性问题，因为大流行起源这个主题本身依然悬而未决。这是福奇应该准备好解释并为实验室工作辩护的另一个原因，正如他几年前告诉我的那样，如果有机会详细且细致地阐述这类研究的价值，他会这样做。

将福奇设定为实验室泄漏论中唯一的反派也相当方便（因为他的许多敌人都已经习惯于将大流行期间的所有其他事情都归咎于他），因为他们的抱怨充满了矛盾。我们不能一方面认为他是个阴谋论者，同时又认为福奇在疫情限制措施持续期间对美国人持续存在的疑虑漠不关心。我们不能在质疑死亡统计数据或怀疑新冠病毒实际上是一种“维持”的同时，指控他犯下百万起谋杀罪。（正如《每日秀》开玩笑说的那样，“它致命且无关紧要，没有它也行，但它也挺好”。）你也不能将整件事归咎于民主党的安全政策——因为在限制最严苛的阶段，总统通常批评那些想要尽快重新开放的州长。你也不能真正将自由主义者视为拜占庭式的，因为早期最积极主张采取激进缓解措施的几乎每一个名字都是像自由意志主义加密企业家 Balaji Irian vaxan 和反动新君主主义者 Curtis Yarvin 这样的人物。《国家评论》当时将反对封锁的案例抨击为“遮羞布”。据报道，卡尔森（Carlson）当时正在游说总统更严肃地对待这种病毒。因此，当时对激进缓解措施的支持几乎是普遍的。2020年5月，美国疾病控制与预防中心的一项调查发现，至少 80 的国民表示赞同，因为在长达数月或数年的持续暴露、患病和死亡过程中，情况可能会演变。我们不知道会有多少人将他们对大流行的焦虑归咎于公共卫生官员，认为他们故意制造了如此巨大的恐惧。即便如此，六年过去了，我们似乎高估了这种反弹，并且高估了大流行的生命周期，即使科学家的影响力下降了约 10 年，即便在小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪在美国卫生与公众服务部任职期间，人们对提高接种率的信任度依然存在。我认为，在接种者是主要受益者的情况下，即便尝试实施疫苗强制令的冲动也是有问题的。一直以来，我认为许多科学家对大流行起源的问题过于轻视。事实上，我策划并编辑了第一篇严肃对待该问题的重大国家杂志报道；几年后我采访福奇时，我问他，既然大流行有可能源自此类研究，那么具体来说，那些认为佩戴口罩要求侵犯了权利的人，以及许多认为国家领导层在阻止疾病传播方面做得不够的人，该如何看待？这就是真正从经验中学习的含义，而不是将大流行视为一场简单的责备游戏。相反，我们看到参议员 Bernie Marnes 询问福奇他认为自己是谁，用爆炸性的方式处理化学问题，并以一种学习银行风格的摘要形式公布福奇刚刚公开的日记内容。日记确实揭露了与社交距离、居家令以及企业关闭相关的某种不体面

。即便如此，到下个月底，除一个州外，所有州都结束了居家令。如果你认为早期的重新开放是 companies like how smuggling 的结果，你可能会惊讶地发现，在 2024 年，当被问及如果再次面临另一场大流行是否会支持类似的措施时，美国人的肯定回答比例以 81 比 25 领先。如今，人们经常听到应该原谅早期的误判，因为我们知道在那个时期对新冠病毒知之甚少。在许多方面，我们现在似乎比那时更加困惑。缓解措施如此受欢迎的一个原因是，虽然我们生活在恐惧中，但我们并没有生活在太多的迷雾之中！

关于这种病毒，最终我们已经了解了很多。我们知道它具有极强的传染性且相对危险，我们了解死亡风险中剧烈的年龄梯度，而且我们似乎（至少对我们而言）意识到它不仅通过飞沫传播，还通过空气传播。但我们并非知晓一切。例如，我们不知道病毒将如何演变，或者感染后免疫力会持续多久，我们也不知道疫苗可能有多有效，或者它们具体会在多久之后出现。最重要的是，我们不知道世界将如何反应，尤其是从长远来看。我们当时还不怎么了解世界的风险承受能力——C.D.C. 的信任度下降了超过 25 个百分点。这并不是说福奇没有犯错，或者更广泛的公共卫生响应没有问题。我收集了大量的反对意见，并在过程中通过文字记录了许多。回顾来看，尤其令人震惊的是，福奇最初淡化了病毒的风险，在 2020 年 2 月暗示其风险足够低，美国人无需担心，并暗示他们应该更担心 maximal flu。当福奇在接下来的一个月里以相对警示的姿态出现，并提供当时被视为最糟糕情况的预测时，他预测美国将有 300,000 到 200,000 人死亡——这大约是该国最终承受死亡人数的十分之一。像许多其他人一样，我对口罩指导方针的逆转感到沮丧。我认为应该更多地强调死亡风险中惊人的年龄梯度。我认为 2020 年春季关闭学校是审慎的，但在 2020 年秋天应该采取更多措施来安全地重新开放学校。我认为福奇和其他人甚至在接种疫苗后仍淡化了突破性感染和死亡的风险，或许是对他参与推动和资助的实验室研究的淡化，他才能在晚上安然入睡。这听起来像是一个新冠反对者、封锁反对者和福奇反对者的履历。但我从这场大流行紧急状态中走出来时，却持有几乎相反的一套信念：美国的新冠响应虽然远非完美，但远未达到灾难性的程度；像福奇那样相对较早发出警报的人，比那些淡化威胁的人正确得多；那些仍然对封锁的长度和严重程度感到愤怒的人，大多是对指导方针产生了记忆偏差，而封锁在很大程度上是自我监管的，且仅持续了几个月；最重要的是，这次经历带来的集体艰辛主要是新冠病毒本身造成的。在 60 年后，我确信那些艰辛已经足够遥远，以至于我们可以在一个不那么激烈的环境中，探讨一些党派色彩较弱的问题。为什么我们在早期批准和大规模生产快速检测工具时如此困难？为什么在意识到某些措施（如安装气溶胶过滤装置）没什么帮助之后，我们仍然在这些事情上争论不休？关于学校重新开放，我们为什么会产生那样大的分歧？为了安抚他们并使其清晰化，本可以采取什么措施，从而在不过分夸大疫苗阻断传播功效的情况下，说服那些犹豫接种疫苗的人？考虑到一小部分大声疾呼的人认为他们的权利被侵犯，我们应该如何看待这个国家对大流行风险的承受力？但这不仅仅是对名声的痴迷。它长达 1,000 多页，且包含许多密集的段落，记录了与其他科学家和公共官员的对话与辩论，试图推导出流行病学争议的问题以及公共卫生指导方针的依据。

六年之后，我们似乎高估了反弹和近期的情况。在大流行期间，对科学家的信任度下降了约 10 个百分点。

其中一些对话具有持久的公众利益——例如关于早期死亡率的估算以及学校关闭的问题。但在几乎所有情况下，这些讨论都比福奇的批评者所指称的要少一些丑闻色彩，且更为微妙。批评者称日记显示福奇否认了疾病的自然起源，而事实上日记显示他认为该疾病在到达中国武汉的湿货市场之前，已经从动物传播到了人类。他们称日记显示他在公开场合否认实验室泄漏假设的同时，私下里却在考虑这一假设，而事实上，他通常在淡化实验室泄漏可能性的同时，也承认其存在的机会。在国家确认首例病例六年之后，这场大流行的实际起源仍然未知。令人抓狂的是，也许它将永远未知，这可能是很难就此问题达成任何集体且诚实的共识的原因，因为双方都基于不同的理由在究极责任问题上僵持不下。但也许如果我们能停止试图为新冠疫情寻找责备对象，我们实际上能从中学到一些东西。SAVE HOLLAND WELLS 是 Agniesz and The Times Magazine 的撰稿人，也是《不可居住的地球》（'The Uninhabitable Earth'）一书的作者。--- 10 / SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026 OPINION

纽约时报 伦敦（1月8-9日，星期三） A.S. KILBERGER 出版人 ANNEY BAKER 执行主编 MARK LADD 管理主编 JENNIFER BOBBY 管理主编 SUZANNE BAKER 副主编 KATHLEEN BISHOPMan 执行主编 BERNARD HURTIT LIPTON 首席执行官 MICHAEL JEREMORE 高级副总裁兼总经理 BELEN HARRISONER 执行 1-2 国际发行 MELINDA PINK 亚太区执行副总裁 SUZANNE PANDREY 国际首席执行官

我恳求大家。请不要用人工智能写作。

Bret Stephens

这篇专栏似乎没有太多争论的空间。不要认为它不会帮助你写作。永远不要让人工智能替我写作。不要在学校论文、工作报告、给姻亲的信件、公开信或公司集会，以及涉及你、你的同事或朋友的类似场合中使用它。不要让它为你组织语言。不要让它建议你如何对待某人，无论是正面还是负面，或者指导你的行为。不要要求它为你写得更多，然后假装通过编辑就能在某种程度上使其成为你自己的作品。事实并非如此。做这些事情中的一部分是因为它们是不道德的。当人工智能写作成为一种欺骗时，它就是不道德的。当你将并非由你产生的词汇、想法和推论据为己有时。这种行为是一个问题，而一个主题则应对这个问题。做这些事情的另一个原因，是因为你可能在人工智能能够做到之前学会写作。很快，如果现在还没有的话，你将不必这样做。不要让它或不应用一个封闭的应用程序。这对你的大脑有害，对民主也有害。使用人工智能写作的问题在于它在精神上的屈服——这是一个向一个你双倍构建于接手娃娃的世界的借口。随着它变得无处不在，它不仅削弱了我们个人的写作能力，还削弱了我们的集体能力。一个文化内在的创造能力以及每个人关注的理由。我们已经在面对记录在案的阅读量下降的世界。人工智能正在加速写作的衰落，正如《大西洋月刊》的 New Horowitz 将其称为我们的“正向-上升”。写作独特地能做什么？它强迫思考。它强迫以其他沉思或口头语言可能存在的方式进行思考。它强迫我们在写作的努力中实现我们的思考。我们处于语法的迹象中，处于可理解性和连贯性的条款中，处于他人的检查中。在这样做时，它还帮助我们变得清晰、逻辑严密、准确——并且负责。人们可能很容易原谅一个词及其愤怒，但不容易原谅一个写出来的愤怒，正是因为写出来的这个事实告诉我们，它是经过考虑的。经过考虑的词汇至关重要。它具有现有的力量和道德分量。我们可以使用这个表达方式：“我想把那个写下来”，这不仅让我们找回双方达成一致的准确词汇，而且证明这些词汇在最初就是有意义的。我们忘记了，如果词汇是由（或在机器的帮助下）写成的，那么它们就没有经过考虑。词汇变成了父亲。想象一下这位父亲。他几乎没有预警。一个人工智能帮助他写女儿的婚礼祝酒词。人工智能能提供给这个被感知为父亲的人的是权威性的。现在想象一下，女儿知道这段演讲是由人工智能写的——那么她感到失望，甚至被侮辱，难道不是理所应当的吗？许多人会争论这之间有很大的区-

来自读者

关于 Z 世代在生活中意义的终结，以及在“我并非全心热爱工作”中寻找意义。埃里克·诺基尔德（Eric Norkild）在（Olympic, systems.com, 7月22日）的文章中对 Z 世代进行了分析，并提出了观点，但我认为她试图通过用前代人的标准来衡量这一代人，从而消除时间上的差异。诺基尔德在 Z 世代成员接受他们的恐惧及其他一切事物中看到了希望。“我不确定我将如何面对明天。”而他们想要在财务上感受到的是 BIRGER 的薪水？那么她能否发现“极高”的期望？我既没有看到享受，也没有看到期望；我看到的是他们从内心深处惊醒，在将 A.I. 用于像婚礼致辞这样重大且私人化的事情，与写作（例如，关于有效性的问题）这种枯燥且经常令人精疲力竭的任务之间，存在着某种脱节。但证明日常写作能力的智力肌肉，与用于重要写作的肌肉是同一块。通过写作所要求的持续努力，我们能成为更好的作者。通过在写作中投入一定程度的注意力（如果我们把所有真相都交给 A.I.，我们将永远无法投入这种注意力），我们能成为更好的思考者。当我们学会如何即使在常规事物上也能留下个人印记，使之毫无疑问地属于我们自己时，我们变得更有创造力。这些技能现在正在消失，最近一项使用 A.I. 检测技术的对话研究发现，30% 的内容包含“不可忽略”的 A.I. 生成写作，10% 的内容中“超过 30% 是 A.I. 生成的”。一个来自大学教授的模型在应对他们试图阻挡 A.I. 生成的学生论文洪流的努力方面，掌握了后续情况。很容易将这个问题仅仅视为一个思考问题。但思考并不能捕捉 A.I. 的真实形态（Hunt，这并不完全关乎学术诚信）

或个人提升，而且还关乎民主自治。广泛的读写能力与民主运用之间的联系是众所周知的。从历史上看，能够独立阅读和写作的人，通常也擅长为自己做出选择并主张自己的权利。当这个过程反转时会发生什么？当人们缺乏耐心去关注超过几页或几句话的论点时会怎样？当他们因为从未通过日常练习掌握清晰思考最核心的技能，而缺乏反驳大多数论点的能力时会怎样？在特朗普总统的社交媒体帖子以及他们显然对数千万美国人施加的影响中，我们已经初步体会到了这个世界的模样。但这反映的是十年前，即前 A.I. 时代这个国家的状况。现在，随着我们阅读、写作和思考能力进一步下降，我们已经在道路上走到了多么遥远的地方？下次当你 tempted 想在短信或电子邮件中使用自动回复时，不要这样做。亲手打出属于你自己的回复。将其视为一种自由意志的行为。或者是一次反对特朗普的投票。多花几秒钟的行为，就是对一个日益沉沦的世界的抵抗行为。美国梦，意识到它从未为他们而设计。我不认为 Z 世代与工作脱节——他们从未真正获得过热爱工作的机会。我认为，我们希望他们热爱无论我所说的什么，而我们教给他们的东西，我不知道我想要什么。让我们警惕将我们的范式强加给与我们如此不同的人，无论这样做在怀旧感上多么令人满足。诺基尔德总结道：“我希望他们能理解，这个梦想本身如何照亮了我前方几英尺的路，直到我发现那仅仅是地面。”也许这就是他们对我们的理解，而他们只是不感兴趣。

THOMAS DINGER, 照片

关于英语的三个流行误区

约翰·麦克沃特 (John McWhorter)

人们经常向我提及关于英语的三件事，这让我犹豫是应该在公开场合直接结束这个话题，还是用真相让他们失望。在这个空间里，我觉得我应该只面对真相，所以如果可以的话，请准备好迎接一些有趣的失望。人们经常目光炯炯地与我分享这三件事。

英语有一套精美的动物群体名称列表。不仅仅是牛群 (herds of cows)、鸟群 (beaks of birds) 和鹅群 (gaggles of geese)。还有牛的若干称呼、火烈鸟群 (flamboyance of flamingos)、长颈鹿群 (tower of giraffes)、金鱼群 (charm of goldfishes)、小猫群 (mangledone of kittens)、孔雀群 (ostentation of peacocks)、斑马群 (dazzle of zebras) 等等。这些集体名词一直让我觉得有点可疑。其中几乎没有一个在实际中使用。在现实生活中，你见过有人谈论一群水母 (smack of jellyfish) 吗？事实上，其中许多词是编造的。这种集体名词的狂热始于 1989 年的一位人士，阿什顿·伯纳斯 (Ashton Berners)，他在一本记录绅士活动的古老目录《圣奥尔本之书》(The Book of Saint Albans) 中将其发起。在动物集合列表中，伯纳斯显然在开玩笑，因为他甚至给人类起名，比如“black of hearts”和“malady of harpers”。这本书在 21 世纪有了新版本。关于火烈鸟和孔雀的那些词比原书年代更晚。这些词确实有趣，但归根结底，它们与其说是词汇，不如说是笑话。综合词典中既没有关于孔雀的“ostentation”定义，也没有指代生物准备的“blast”定义。这些词成为英语语言的一部分，就像我拥有一本《 Ragtime》的延伸版本和一件外套一样，我从未触碰过它们，尽管我对它们的存在感到隐约欣慰。

语言随着时间的推移而变得更简单。这很容易想象。我们可以听到由于说话质量而导致的词汇磨损——“What did you do that for?” 变成了 “I'd be that for?” 我们看到“far”和“up”之间的区别在消失，人们用“little”来表示“empty”。即使你知道这些在语言演变中是不可避免的，你仍会将其视为一种衰败。尤其是当我们把古英语——一种本质上是德语流畅版本的、语法复杂得多的语言——与现代语言相比时。但实际上，英语的故事与世界上 1,000 种语言一样具有季节性。通常，语言不会随着时间的推移而简化：它们在转化。一些东西消失了，但总有新东西进来。这就像一场舞会。舞者并没有变得更简单或更复杂，只是在改变。古教会斯拉夫语是一种古老的斯拉夫语言。它极其容易理解，以至于现代人会觉得它令人沮丧地简单。一种现代斯拉夫语言是俄语。它极其复杂，成年学习者发现它令人沮丧地困难。这就是语言通常的演变方式。如果大量成年人在某个时间点学习一种语言，它会变得更简单：因为成年人在掌握语言的沉重部分方面不如儿童。但在潜意识中总有新事情发生，如果你以正常速度说 “Let's try it and me”，通常会变成 “I'm trying and me”，然后就变成了 “I'm”，“let's” 消失在岁月中，英语有了一个新的前缀：“I's a” 意味着 “pins me”。最后，我们知道语言不会随着时间的推移而简单化的原因是常识。人类语言可能已经存在了至少 300,000 年，甚至可能接近一百万年。如果所有语言在所有这段时间里都在变得越来越简单，那么全世界的人类现在就只会对着东西大喊 “ok” 并指指点点，或者发出疯狂的呼喊。尽管偶尔会出现像语音那样的情况，但我们的表现比那要好。

在阿巴拉契亚地区，仍然有人在说一种比英语更优雅的语言。天哪，那该多好？这意味着在这些山脉中，我们可以访问那些人们还在说莎士比亚时代英语的地方。但到现在难道不会变成 YouTube 吗？然而，这个想法能一直延续是有道理的，因为许多人自 19 世纪 80 年代以来一直在传播它。这种观点认为，阿巴拉契亚人传统上如此孤立，以至于他们的英语保持不变，而其他所有人的英语都演变了。“南方娱乐是‘更多生活’的原因，比如新世界中的 Ed Shefer 英语，”Josiah Czechi 在 1914 年告诉我们，并且“比外部世界好得多，而且是通过自然手段，他们在两个多世纪的时间里保留了伊丽莎白时代英格兰的大部分语言。”像这个人这样的人并不太正确。他们试图将阿巴拉契亚英语描绘成异域风情而非破碎。但语言的演变从未停止。为什么人们的语言仅仅因为他们与他人互动不多就冻结在原地？此外，到 18 世纪白人到达阿巴拉契亚山脉时，他们已经不再说伊丽莎白时代的英语了。我明白为什么这个神话存在（也仅仅是一个简单的误解）。这个神话的传播源于古老的过去，有些人写“help”代替“helped”，写“little”代替“briched”，并认为阿巴拉契亚的语言在这种意象中，因为那样写曾是伊丽莎白时代英语的一部分。在主流美国英语中，我们很久以前就用“helped”和“briched”取代了“help”和“little”。但在不同地方的语言中，由于偶然的原因，有些东西被保留了下来，而另一些则没有。在阿巴拉契亚的语言中，人们可能会说“coughs”、“laughs”和“knew”，并说“cracked”、“swepted”和“knowed”。“coughs”、“laughs”和“knew”是那些看起来像伊丽莎白时代英语及其更早形式的词。最棒的是——阿巴拉契亚的遗产使得主流说话者使用“coughs”、“laughs”和“knew”可以很容易地判定这些形式（听起来像小号手）而没有歧义。所以这就是事实。就像 Berners 的作品是最早已知由女性作者创作的英语文本之一一样。在内战之后，一些南方人可能会发现，在被称为 Americaans 的一个区域，他们的后代今天仍能说一种 19 世纪的南方美国英语。也许这就是原因所在？约翰·麦克多诺里特（JOHN MCDONRITT S.），哥伦比亚大学语言学副教授。

特朗普干预日元的真实原因

普拉萨德，

在一段时间之后，我们的新政、一个不断变化的世界、一个自然政府披露了关于一项安排的讨论，即以美元交换爱沙尼亚居民的抵抗。爱沙尼亚作为美国紧密的经济和安全合作伙伴，已经做出了应对冲突后果的实际资源，但公开这一发现是一个强烈的信号，表明它是一个值得美国支持的盟友。

现在，财政部正与另一个坚定的美国盟友——日本政府，共同干预外汇市场，旨在支持日元。日元相对于美元的跌幅在短期日期前一年已超过 10%。虽然最令人担忧的日元购买行为使该货币恢复了一些阵地，但成功还远不能保证。

日本有充分的理由担心日元贬值。这将增加进口价格，加剧通货膨胀，并且如果导致外国投资者回避以日元计价的资产，则会提高政府债务的借贷成本。首相 Takashi 拥有通过增加政府支出以提高增长的雄心计划，而这实际上可能会增加已经超过两倍的政府债务总量。日本的年度国内生产总值债务为 9.9p / kg，而那是 6.6p，债务可能会在 Takashi 的计划中上升至 36s。

美国在其中扮演什么角色？日本目前是美国国债最大的外国持有者。如果日本银行为了购买日元以支持日元价值而独立出售证券持有量以获取美元，美国政府债券的利率将不得不上升至总计 6.6p、6.6p 或 6.6p。这将提高美国政府以及随之而来的美国企业和消费者的借贷成本。此外，如果日元继续下跌，使得日本进口商品更便宜，那么特朗普先生对日本进口商品征收的 10 到 12 ％的关税将变得具有讽刺意味。

日本在干预货币市场方面有悠久的历史，有时是为了防止日元快速升值，有时则像现在这样，是为了限制其贬值。美国财政部的参与是一个新的变数。

是否有权进行过度干预？当环境变化时，货币市场倾向于过度反应，向一个或另一个方向过度倾斜。平滑这种波动是干预的正当理由。加入财政部的力量肯定会吓跑那些试图从日元不合理波动中获利的人。但如果缺乏政策变化的支撑，此类干预总是无法扭转趋势。

事实上，日元的贬值很难说是波动激增的结果。在最近的干预之前，自 2020 年以来，日元相对于美元已失去了约三分之一的价值。日本是一个富裕国家，但人口老龄化且政府债务水平巨大。近年来它经历了数次增长，以及偶尔增加的通货膨胀，使得日元贬值。在这种情况下，日元贬值会通过提高进口价格使情况恶化。

相比之下，美国经济和劳动力市场看起来很强劲。通货膨胀一直持续在美联储的目标之上。在 1940 年代，今年提高利率的可能性越来越大，这使得美国短期政府债务对外国投资者更具吸引力。这对日元不利，美国和日本之间已经存在巨大的增长差异。

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UNION FOUNDATION, 1940-1945, 美国政府, 1950-1955, 美国政府, 1960-1965, 美国, 1970-1975, 美国, 1980-1985, 美国, 1990-1995, 美国, 2000-2005, 美国, 2010-2015, 美国, 2020-2025, 美国, 2030-2035, 美国, 2040-2045, 美国, 2050-2055, 美国, 2060-2065, 美国, 2070-2075, 美国, 2080-2085, 美国, 2090-2095, 美国, 2100-2105, 美国, 2110-2115, 美国, 2120-2125, 美国, 2130-2135, 美国, 2140-2145, 美国, 2150-2155, 美国, 2160-2165, 美国, 2170-2175, 美国, 2180-2185, 美国, 2190-2195, 美国, 2200-2205, 美国, 2210-2215, 美国, 2220-2225, 美国, 2230-2235, 美国, 2240-2245, 美国, 2250-2255, 美国, 2260-2265, 美国, 2270-2275, 美国, 2280-2285, 美国, 2290-2295, 美国, 2300-2305, 美国, 2310-2315, 美国, 2320-2325, 美国, 2330-2335, 美国, 2340-2345, 美国, 2350-2355, 美国, 2360-2365, 美国, 2370-2375, 美国, 2380-2385, 美国, 2390-2395, 美国, 2400-2405, 美国, 2410-2415, 美国, 2420-2425, 美国, 2430-2435, 美国, 2440-2445, 美国, 2450-2455, 美国, 2460-2465, 美国, 2470-2475, 美国, 2480-2485, 美国, 2490-2495, 美国, 2500-2505, 美国, 2510-2515, 美国, 2520-2525, 美国, 2530-2535, 美国, 2540-2545, 美国, 2550-2555, 美国, 2560-2565, 美国, 2570-2575, 美国, 2580-2585, 美国, 2590-2595, 美国, 2600-2605, 美国, 2610-2615, 美国, 2620-2625, 美国, 2630-2635, 美国, 2640-2645, 美国, 2650-2655, 美国, 2660-2665, 美国, 2670-2675, 美国, 2680-2685, 美国, 2690-2695, 美国, 2700-2705, 美国, 2710-2715, 美国, 2720-2725, 美国, 2730-2735, 美国, 2740-2745, 美国, 2750-2755, 美国, 2760-2765, 美国, 2770-2775, 美国, 2780-2785, 美国, 2790-2795, 美国, 2800-2805, 美国, 2810-2815, 美国, 2820-2825, 美国, 2830-2835, 美国, 2840-2845, 美国, 2850-2855, 美国, 2860-2865, 美国, 2870-2875, 美国, 2880-2885, 美国, 2890-2895, 美国, 2900-2905, 美国, 2910-2915, 美国, 2920-2925, 美国, 2930-2935, 美国, 2940-2945, 美国, 2950-2955, 美国, 2960-2965, 美国, 2970-2975, 美国, 2980-2985, 美国, 2990-3000 在 1940 年代，美国是美国的一个主要经济因素。由于在财政问题上没有任何约束的迹象，这可能会导致华盛顿陷入更深的债务深渊。在 1950 年代，美国是美国的一个主要经济因素。T 美国是美国的一个主要经济因素。

阿德莱德，纽约：1-800-221-4000. 1-800-221-4000 1-800-221-4000. 1-800-221-4000. 1-800-222-4000. 1-800-222 -4000. 1-8000. 1-8000. 1-8 000. 1-8000. 1-8000. 1 --- 周六-周日，2020年8月8-9, 2020 / 11

国际住宅

在美国建造的采用日本材料的建筑包括（从左至右）：一座位于俄勒冈州的房屋；一座位于洛杉矶市外亨廷顿图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园的院落；以及一座在马萨诸塞州泰明顿（Tymington）建设中的文化建筑。

拯救日本遗产住宅：被运往全球的废弃“古民家”重获新生

作者：TIM HENYVAE

在怀科沃斯山脉（Waikwos Mountains）的高处，矗立着一座由白墙、木材和木瓦建成的紧凑型住宅。在俄勒冈州东部这个角落的崎岖山峰映衬下，这座房子显得精致且略有违和感，尤其是当你发现屋内竟然有障子门（shop screens）、榻榻米（tatami mats）以及头顶厚实且弯曲的卷帘时。这是一座“古民家”（kominka），即日本传统的民间住宅，但它出现在美国这件事本身绝非传统。

这座房子是几年前利用从日本旧房中拆卸的部件建造的，而每年在日本有无数这样的房屋被弃置。虽然一些美国人跨越太平洋去购买并修复这些古老住宅，但越来越多的人在做相反的事情：将房屋拆解，运往美国并在当地重建。

“我在爱知县出生长大，这座古民家就来自爱知，”与丈夫比尔·奥利弗（Bill Oliver）共同拥有这座怀科沃斯山脉房产的清代·古贝（Kiyosai Kobe）说道，“在很多方面，这感觉就像回到了家。但除了个人情感联系，我想给美国带来一些现代生活所缺失的东西。”

其中一些部件已有 200 年以上的历史。当这座 800 平方英尺（75 平方米）的房子在 2024 年组装时，当地县政府还没有针对日本古建筑的许可流程。63 岁的古贝女士（曾从事有机非紧急工作）和 88 岁的奥利弗先生（曾任怀科沃斯县规划总监）必须

上图：在材料从日本新城（Shinshiro）一件件运来后，一座位于廷明顿（Tymington）的 100 年历史的日本仓库。下图（左起）：位于新城、由搬迁后的古民家改造而成的 Toda Komatsu 建筑事务所，以及俄勒冈州住宅内部的障子门和榻榻米等日本装饰。

克服这些市政和物流挑战，例如木质房屋在长途航行中可能会发生的形变。

这需要爱知县的建筑事务所 Toda Komatsu、总部位于日本的保护组织 Kominka Collective 以及俄勒冈州的结构工程公司 Devesi Engineering 之间的国际协作。经过大约两年的时间，古贝女士和奥利弗先生将这座房子作为兼职住所开放，并重建了带有安全和健康课程的房产，包括无仪式课程。（他们的主要住所位于 Kobe devesi 路。）

“许多人首先注意到的是精神上的宁静——这种结构创造了一种扩张感，几乎像一个展品，”古贝女士说，“这些属性、房间之间的过渡、天然材料、光线进入结构的方式以及设计的简洁性，都引导出一种不同的关系。”

尽管在公共设施中还有其他案例，但这座房子可能是该国唯一的住宅类古民家，其中包括位于加州圣马力诺亨廷顿博物馆（Huntington museum）的一座来自香川县丸亀市（Manganoe）的 200 年历史住宅。

“古民家”是传统的日本私人住宅，由普通民众居住。大多数房屋建于二战后建筑规范实施之前，且拥有共同的设计特点——使用柱梁系统定义空间，配有滑动门、榻榻米地板和纸屏风，以及极简、多功能且灵活的元素。

但它们不再像以前那样被珍视。日本人口的快速老龄化和萎缩导致至少有 900 万 栋无人居住的房屋（即“空屋”），尤其是在农村地区。在年轻的日本人看来，古民家可能显得阴暗、寒冷且孤立。此外，在满足日本现行抗震标准的情况下，这些房屋也很难维护。

因此，许多房屋几乎没有价值，被遗弃或拆除。日本的保护组织估计，每年有数万栋传统房屋消失，这引发了拯救这些房屋的努力。与此同时，由于旧房价格极低——有些甚至不到 $50,000 就能买到——且记录其翻新过程的视频在网上走红。一栋完全重建并重新设计的古民家（kominka）成本大约与一栋定制设计的木框架房屋相当。“你不能在那些非凡的古建筑中度过一段时间后，却视若无睹，”60 岁的安德里亚·卡尔森（Andrea Carlson）说道，她是总部位于爱知县的非营利组织“古民家集体”（Kominka Collective）的联合创始人兼代表董事，该组织重新设计了位于俄勒冈州的房屋。该非营利组织的目标是保护日本境内的房屋，但当这不可行时，则寻求其他方案。“看到它们被拆除令人心碎，”卡尔森女士说。“不仅是结构，而且是内部的一切——店门、储物箱、屋顶瓦片、天花板面板。全部都被摧毁了。”

但一个国家的垃圾可能是另一个国家的宝藏。近日，在新城市周边的山丘上，家族企业 Toda Komatsu 的建筑师户田庆二（Keji Toda）打开了一座旧木材厂仓库的灯。里面是一排排从拆除的古民家中取出的沉重木构件，有些已有数百年历史，上面刻有手写文字，雕刻得像船材一样。这里还有船板、储物箱、抹灰门和店面屏风。这些等待出口的部件是由户田庆二的父亲、第四代建筑师兼 Toda Komatsu 主席户田义之（Yoshinoho Toda）从无名古民家中回收的。

“在海外，这些是瑰宝，但在日本它们被视为‘垃圾’，”47 岁的户田庆二说。“我们希望通过在创建舒适结构时采用其传统建筑方法来保护古民家，这些结构是考虑到其他国家的气候和标准而设计的，可以维持一个世纪或更久。”

近几十年来，包括户田义之在内的建筑师们重新发现了私人木结构建筑的遗产，成立了保护协会并游说开展保护工作。2020 年，联合国教科文组织将其传统的日本建筑木框架列入非物质文化遗产名录。自此，保护主义者群体蓬勃发展。

在波士顿郊外，一名退休的木框架工比利·迪伦（Billy Dillon）在搬运谷仓和其他旧结构方面拥有丰富经验。2022 年，在参观了爱知县的一栋古民家并对其工艺感到“非常震撼”后，他决定要将类似的房屋从碎木机中拯救出来。于是，他开始监督几座旧结构的拆卸和进口，并最终与同行木框架工亚当·米勒（Adam Miller）共同创办了一家公司——北美古民家（Kominka North America）。

“如果我们能进口旧房子并将其变成美丽的住宅，这对我很有吸引力，”70 岁的迪伦先生说，他经常与“古民家集体”的卡尔森女士在采购和设计方面合作。“我们可以让人们再次住在其中。这些谷仓的大小正好适合作为附属居住单元（A.D.U.s），用作家庭住宅、祖父母房或任何用途，”他提到这些位于主屋同一块土地上的次要建筑。

他说，美国买家想要的是带有手写书法标记的原始、未经改造的房屋，并且他们愿意支付 $500,000 或更多资金来进口并重建一栋具有日本遗产价值的房屋。其中一名客户希望为计划在新英格兰地区建立的日式水疗中心采购旧房，其他客户则是希望拥有正宗建筑的美国本土日本文化中心。

他与米勒先生正在开发的一栋古民家（kominka）将成为马萨诸塞州蒂明顿的一家木工店。他现在将一座拥有150年历史的农场仓库重新组装，该仓库此前在新城被拆除，每件构件在运往美国之前都经过了编目。这些古老生长林木因其浅色纹理、树脂含量和强度而具有价值，且在一个多世纪的时间里保持完好。另一栋由下茂神社遗迹建造的古民家，将在北葡萄园作为一座800平方英尺的附属居住单元（A.D.U.）开启新生活。迪龙先生和米勒先生还在帮助古民家集体（Kominka Collective）和 Toda Komatsu 将一座茅草屋、一座神社、一座山门以及一座被拆除的佛教寺庙的部分构件搬迁至加利福尼亚州的一个公共花园。

1月，一位名为 Chris Obretroon 的私人收藏家正与 Toda Komatsu 和古民家集体合作，将一座来自新潟县的1965年古民家重新安置，并将其构思为一个中心中心的四卧室客房。Obretroon 先生曾任世界古迹基金会（World Monuments Fund）主席，曾在蒙蒂塞洛、马उंट弗农以及英国的一座规模小得多的房屋博物馆等地点进行过修复工作，他表示：“许多人首先注意到的是精神上的开阔感——这种结构创造了一种扩张感。”

这个项目并非重建，而是改造。茅草屋顶将被替换为能够抵御飓风的木框架木瓦屋顶。“我们还增加了许多窗户和一个天窗以增加光线，因为古民家内部阴暗且非常、非常寒冷，”49岁的 Obretroon 先生说。“因此，它们非常适合在热带气候中进行适应性再利用。在增加和重新设计这些内容的同时，保持传统的日本风味是非常具有挑战性的。我们使用了大量的日本设计元素。我们开玩笑地将结果称为‘日本风’。”

为了避免美国劳工文化挪用，迪龙先生咨询了一位佛教神学家，对方告诉他，信仰中有一个基本原则——在日本国内就有搬迁旧建筑的悠久传统。“作为木匠，我们理解创建一座建筑必须投入的资源广度——包括材料、时间和技能——这促使我们去保护那些否则将被拆除的建筑，”米勒先生说。“这些资源与日本企业的精神相契合，最终是对盗窃和误用有限资源的抵制，我们认为这源于佛教和神道教的教义。”

建筑师兼古民家保护专家 Yorkshire Takishita 表示，将濒危建筑移至海外通常是拯救它们的最后选择，他曾在日本国内以及包括夏威夷和阿根廷在内的拆除地搬迁房屋。“古民家拥有巨大的力量和资源。这与政治或宗教无关，”Takishita 先生，80, 说，他自己的神岛故居在20世纪60年代从一个被淹没的山谷中被救出。“只要新房主的建设能够维持房屋的状态，只要这一重要的历史遗产得以保存，无论它是在日本还是在国外，都无关紧要。”

--- 12 / 周六-周日，2026年8月8-9, 2026

科学实验室

IN ALUMABLE SITES ## 各位氦气呼吸者请注意：LHS 1140b 已铺好欢迎地毯

几个关键特征决定了一颗行星是否适合生命生存，至少是地球人所认知的生命。它应该是岩石行星，温度需适宜液态水的存在，并且拥有大气层。现在天文学家表示，他们发现了一个同时具备这三种特征的世界。

“目前，我们完全没有证据表明该行星上存在生命，”行星科学家科林·切鲁比姆（Collin Cherubim）说道，“但我们认为所有真正重要且必要的成分都具备了。”

这颗名为 LHS 1140b 的岩石行星距离我们的太阳系几十光年。它围绕一颗恒星运行，处于所谓的“宜居带”距离内，对于液态水在行星表面存在而言，既不过热也不过冷。这颗系外行星比地球冷，但在尺寸和质量上都更大。（上图为 LHS 1140b 的插图，远处有另一颗行星在围绕该恒星运行。）

新数据强烈表明，LHS 1140b 拥有一个富含氦气的大气层。这项发表在《科学》（Science）杂志上的探测结果，是关于一颗拥有大气层且潜在宜居行星的首个明确证据，它强化了这样一种观点：即存在一群与我们自己的世界相似、且具备维持生命所需属性的世界。

“在系外行星中，只要出现一个，就会有更多，”未参与该研究的天体物理学家萨拉·西格尔（Sara Seager）说道，“希望这是一个新篇章的开始。”

大气层对于宜居性至关重要，因为它能帮助行星留住水分，调节气候，并保护表面免受太空辐射的影响。

ALUMBA-MILLER

BATHY-ANDERSON / LHIS-SHARSH-SHARSH BACK IN

相机捕捉到在宇宙旅程中的“连体双胞胎”

上月初，一艘日本无人探测器以每小时 11,000 英里（31,000 公里）的速度疾速掠过一颗名为 Torifune 的小行星。当它在距离其表面 2,000 英尺（100 米）处——就太空尺度而言极其接近——疾驰而过时，拍下了上方所示的照片。

在此之前，人们对 Torifune 知之甚少，只知道它是一个在太阳系中疾驰的、令人好奇的微小斑点。结果证明，它不是一个斑点，而是两个：Torifune 是一对被不协调地粘在一起的小行星。

“是的，这很奇怪，”马里兰州劳雷尔市约翰·霍普金斯应用物理实验室的行星科学家兼行星防御研究员安迪·里夫金（Andy Rivkin）说道。

小行星在太空中以极高的速度移动，以至于在极少数相遇的情况下，它们会发生灾难性的破碎。Torifune 被称为“接触双星”，这意味着这是一对小行星，它们以一种令人惊讶的渐进且非暴力的方式相互靠近，从而粘在了一起。

接触双星曾被认为极其罕见，但近年来天文学家在我们的太阳系中发现了好几处。2019, 当美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的行星际探测器“新视野号”（New Horizons）前往海王星之外时，它捕捉到了一个名为 Armitech 的红色调“雪人”的图像。而在 2023, 当 NASA 的“露西”（Lucy）探测器在火星和木星之间的小行星带航行时，发现小行星 Dickinson 有一颗较小的太空岩石在围绕它运行。这颗名为 Selam 的“卫星”实际上是两颗小行星挤在一起形成的。

JOHNN GEORGE ANDREWS TRANS-LINE BLACK

为什么这只巴克曼麻雀决定改变它的曲调

在南佛罗里达州的平原林地中，微小的鸟类从灌木丛中现身，在松树枝头鸣唱。在人类听来，它们的歌声几乎完全相同，但任何一个巴克曼麻雀（Bachman's sparrows）种群都会使用多达 120 种不同的鸣唱类型来进行交流。

就像人类语言一样，鸟鸣是动态的。每一代鸟类都会在决定哪些歌曲继续传唱、哪些需要改进以及哪些完全舍弃。一只巴克曼麻雀可能仅学习其群体所使用的 48 首歌曲，几十年来，研究人员一直试图弄清楚雏鸟是如何选择采用哪些歌曲的。

之前的研究集中在社会和文化因素上。在发育的鸣唱学习阶段，年轻的鸣禽会模仿群体中求偶成功或羽毛装饰华丽的成年雄鸟。

现在，一项关于巴克曼麻雀的新研究揭示了方程式中另一个可能的组成部分：物理环境。树木、茂密的灌木甚至风力都会散射或阻挡某些声波的传输，研究人员怀疑年轻的麻雀不太可能捕捉到质量受损的歌声，从而导致某些歌曲比其他歌曲更罕见。

“较罕见的鸣唱类型在距离上的传播效果不如常见的那些，”佛罗里达大西洋大学的行为生态学家、该研究的作者之一林迪·安德森（Rindy Anderson）说道。该研究发表在《生物声学》（Bioacoustics）杂志上。

所有巴克曼麻雀的鸣唱类型都具有相似的形式，由一个嗡嗡声或口哨声，随后是一个颤音组成。有些颤音比其他颤音快或慢，一些复杂的歌曲包含多个频率的颤音。

研究人员记录了各种罕见和常见的麻雀鸣唱，然后将它们在不同的环境中重新播放——包括茂密的树林、多风的平原以及巴克曼麻雀经常出没但可能会扭曲音频信号的其他地方。在这些条件下，研究人员发现罕见歌曲的传播效果不如常见歌曲。

R. R. CALLAWAY

JOHNN-FLORES-3D / 10 / 25

“这是我们第一次将一艘完整的星舰（Starship）放入水中……哇，幸运的 13 号——星舰的一次极佳飞行。”SpaceX 网络直播的主持人丹·亨特（Dan Hunt）在这次航天器成功试飞完成后说道。这是星舰总共第 13 次试飞，最终以航天器在亚洲大洋（Asian Ocean）倾斜入水告终。

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2020 13

体育

上方从左至右：印第安纳狂热队的索菲·坎宁安（Sophie Cunningham），她分享了关于跨性别运动员的观点；匹兹堡钢人队的亚伦·罗杰斯（Aaron Rodgers），他批评了安东尼·S·福奇博士；以及坎宁安的队友凯特琳·克拉克（Caitlin Clark），她选择不对跨性别运动员的问题发表意见。

运动员可以表达心声，也可以保持沉默。

评论员 STEVE BUCKLEY www.stevebuck

在本周的“在社交与政治议题上发表见解的体育人物”排行榜中，排名如下：

1. 匹兹堡钢人队四分卫亚伦·罗杰斯批评美国国家过敏和传染病研究所前所长安东尼·S·福奇博士在上个月的参议院听证会上多次援引第五修正案。

2. 印第安纳狂热队后卫索菲·坎宁安明确表示，她反对跨性别运动员参加女子体育赛事。“关于跨性别问题，我收到了很多负面反馈，”坎宁安在接受ESPN采访时说，“我的想法是，‘我从未说过那样的话。我是来传递爱的。但我也认为，在爱之余还应有真相，应保持诚实。我想保护更衣室里的年轻女孩，那些在体育运动中不应该与生物学男性竞争的年轻女孩。’”

3. 坎宁安的队友凯特琳·克拉克在上周日——在狂热队第六次输给明尼苏达山 Lynx 队之后——被要求就坎宁安在跨性别运动员问题上的立场发表评论。“对我们来说，这并不是我们在更衣室里真正讨论的话题，”克拉克说，“这应该由联盟和管理机构与运动员共同协商以寻找解决方案，但我们的重点是篮球。这就是我们讨论的内容，以及我们如何才能获胜，而显然，我们今晚没有做到这一点。”

现在你可能会在心里说，伙计，等一下，克拉克基本上什么都没说，怎么能进入“在社交与政治议题上发表见解的体育人物”排行榜？她在所做的事情中提供了一系列“不评论”。但我们生活在一个每个句子都会被剖析、分析和评判的时代。正如罗杰斯抨击福奇时，坎宁安分享她对“在体育运动中不应该与生物学男性竞争的年轻女孩”的担忧时，以及克拉克对坎宁安的言论不予评论时，这一切都反映在社交媒体评论的日常视角中。

但请原谅我对那些未说出口的话不过分激动。请原谅我没有加入那群因为克拉克没有成为他们想要的人或样子而感到极其、极其愤怒的人群。请原谅我没有期望克拉克去扮演一个由她根本不认识的人分配给她的角色。

这或许是一个恰当的时机，来发表一段关于美国运动员在社交和政治议题上采取立场的悠久且光辉历史的餐后演说，其中的金标准是汤米·史密斯和约翰·卡洛斯，他们在1966年墨西哥城夏季奥运会上举起拳头，表达对“黑人权力”的支持。或者，当波士顿红袜队传奇人物泰德·威廉姆斯在1968年的棒球名人堂入选演说中，用一部分时间表达希望有一天，“萨切尔·佩奇和乔什·吉布森的名字能以某种方式被加入，作为那些未能在此的伟大黑人球员的象征”。

请原谅我没有走得太远。我的意思是，他们并没有因为未说出口的话而过于激动。

历史上流传下来的一些运动员倡议的公开案例只有寥寥几个。如果深入挖掘，我们会知道在1960年代，美国国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）的教练传奇文斯·隆巴迪禁止在更衣室使用同性恋相关语言；而在那个时代，此类谈话是文化中的基本组成部分。隆巴迪有一个同性恋兄弟。我们中的许多人在隆巴迪在世时并不知晓这一点。我肯定不知道。就像我现在并不太了解克拉克最近在想什么一样。

既然缺乏她的想法，那么通过她的每一次发声、每一次停顿去搜寻隐藏含义和深意，然后在线上为此歇斯底里，就没有任何意义。

那些就政治和社会问题发表看法的体育界人士（这包括体育媒体从业者）可以预见到，他们会被大量要求他们“专注于体育”的匿名指令所淹没。这些觉得自己有权告诉他人要专注于体育的人究竟是谁，一直是个谜。这种措辞暗示对方可能是某个政府事务部门的职员，或者曾在国会或外交使团任职。这种虚伪既滑稽又令人恐惧。我们喜欢运动员就这个或那个问题发表意见，除非我们不同意这些意见。而那些选择不参与这场愚蠢的社交游戏的运动员，则被斥为懦夫。访问白宫的运动员面临着类似的陷阱。参加白宫访问，你在某些人眼中是英雄，在另一些人眼中则是反派。拒绝访问，你则成了被剥夺权利者的英雄，或者是某个不尊重总统职位的家伙。冒着让你们重温七年级公民课的风险，但为了说明这一点，我想用一个体育术语，现在正是举办一次“时钟回拨”活动的好时机，以此来教育并庆祝第一修正案的推广。如果你恰好是受邀访问白宫的冠军球队成员，那就去吧。或者不去。行使你的第一修正案权利，并告诉其他人管好他们自己的事。对于那些想要在某个问题上表明立场，并准备好应对随之而来的排山倒海般的正面和负面评论的体育界人士，请尽管去做。对于选择保持沉默的运动员，请允许他们拥有这项权利。为什么一切非得如此复杂？

Mini 纵横字谜

横向 1. 五线谱上的五条线 2. 尼托之家（House de Nito）和米开朗基罗的《大卫》所用的材料 3. 在《海底总动员》中帮助营救尼莫的鸟 4. ... 笔记 5. 伙伴 6. 集体歌唱的方式 7. 金属容器，是“宏伟”的同义词 8. 餐厅里的“尼罗”订单

纵向 1. 正方形饼干 2. 三：前缀 3. 通常以苹果开始，以斑马结束的东西 4. 全部展示 5. 单词（关闭） 6. 真诚 7. 那些忙碌的适配 8. 可能是母女日的目的地

前一谜题答案

两点不接触

在网格的每一行、每一列和每个区域中放入两个点。任何两个星号都不能接触，即使是斜向也不行。

词语扭曲者

他们告诉我，这位年迈洋基队球迷的 _ 会夸耀一张铬制版的米基 球卡。 他会 _ “今天谁能击败他？哎，没人能。” 我做了一个 笔记，提醒自己把红袜队的帽子留在家里。 请用彼此互为字母易位词（anagrams）的单词完成上述内容。每条下划线代表一个字母。 谜题由 STEWART CULLEN 设计

昨日的美国

KenKen 数独

在网格中填入数字，使任何行或列中不重复出现同一个数字，并且每个粗线框内的数字通过加、减、乘或除（如框内所示）运算后，能得出所示的目标数字。4位网格使用数字 1-4。8位网格使用数字 1-6。 更多游戏请访问：www.nytimes.com / games www.nytimes.com / games

纵横字谜 / 编辑：Will Shortz

横向 1. 抛掷 2. 带马的服装，飘逸且被称为“polio” 3. 《年轻与红时》（The Young and the Redtime）中的长期装备 4. 林中的夜间声音 5. 华夫饼 / 犹豫 6. 用多个 Ennys 组成的词 7. 《好饿的毛毛虫》的作者兼插画师 8. 滑坡 9. 人群 (ni) 10. 夏季线条顶部 11. 代表团 12. 应用于金属的一种涂层 13. 再次尝试 14. 从码头装载 15. 加州大学校园所在地 16. 情侣们称其为斯普林菲尔德的“山中之山”

前一谜题答案

纵向 1. 战士或 2. “Vancy!” 3. 战士，好吧，比如 4. 口碑推广者 5. R.W. 中的投资带 5 6. 在期间 7. 试图跑赢的轮胎 8. 野手竞争者 9. 尸体 10. 骨眶主义支出者，在沿线 11. 尴尬的转折，在一种拼写中 12. 英国人眼中的霍普金斯 13. 水坝自由 14. Key & Pests 环节“Shut-Meet & Grow!”中重复的问候语 15. 法庭驯服 16. 比如，表现出广泛的情绪范围 17. 阿根廷第一个由女性领导的政党的铸造厂，俗称 18. 舒适鞋类的大品牌 19. 每天呼叫错误的塔 20. 从背后击中 21. 建议尝试某事后的词语 22. 蜿蜒（关闭） 23. 完美典范 24. 你几乎得把对方拖出派对的人，并非 25. 请求更简单条款的人？ 26. 频道插页 27. 短途兴趣 28. 议会席位？ 29. 每 30. 对于灵媒来说，这很简单！

在网上玩我们所有的游戏以及超过 10,000 个付费词汇谜题。拼写：参见纵横字谜等，网址：http: / nytimes.com / games。关于谜题的讨论，请访问 http: / nytimes.com / wareplay。

14 / 周六-周日，2026年8月8-9日

周末

《地下铁路》和《镍童》巩固了怀特海德作为美国伟大小说家之一的声誉。

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周六-周日，2020年8月8-9日 / 15 风格周末

褪去包袱的学院风

格纹布、红裤子、船鞋。一种经久不衰的美学正吸引许多新粉丝。作者：ALEXANDER NASARYAN

最近的一个周五晚上，在曼哈顿下城，一群时尚记者、摄影师和影响力人物聚集在 Mulberry 街的 OOL 精品店，参加 Dover 杂志新刊《新马驹》（The New Pony）的发布会。宾客们被要求穿着学院风（preppy）服装，以向所有学院元素致敬——不是 TikTok 上那种公然被误用的版本，而是新英格兰预科学校和常春藤联盟大学那种校园风情和老钱风范。

许多人会认为，那些代表学院风的斜纹棉布裤、便士鞋和预科学校纽扣衬衫是永恒的。这种风格在 2006 年作为“常春藤风格”（Ivy Style）出现，并随着 Lisa Birnbach 的《官方学院风手册》（The Official Preppy Handbook）出版而 100% 进入主流视野。多年来，穿着这种服装的流行度起起伏伏，但总会对公式进行微调。

“我们不再需要展示耶鲁大学的傲慢了，”Dover 的创始人 Justinian Mason 说道。在发布会上，26 岁的 Mason 穿着一套大部分是古着风格的混搭装，包括一件塞进 Ralph Lauren 斜纹棉布裤里的“Enjoy Valleyshell” T 恤，一个网球拍形状的皮带扣和棕色渔夫鞋。

Dover 的这群人坚称他们并非在进行简单的模仿。“我热爱历史，” 说，“但我们可以把握当下并向前推进，而不是 50 年来一直发布同样照片。”

在休斯顿长大的 是黑人。最初，为了在学生群体以白人为主的私立高中里融入，他穿着 Vineyard Vines 和 Ralph Lauren 的学院风衣服。“我当时穿得不那么显眼，以免作为一个黑人而太突出。那只是随便套一套衣服出门，”他说，“但在经历了一些个人和政治上的演变后，我以更具风格的方式回归了学院风。”

2021 年 搬到纽约地区后，面对残酷的就业市场，他最初将 Dover 创办为一个网站（他住在新泽西州，但不是像普林斯顿或 Spring Lake 那样典型的学院风地区）。该网站没有吸引太多读者，但 没有放弃，而是加倍投入，将 Dover 变成了一本精美的印刷杂志。

为了向他的家乡德克萨斯州致敬，第一期名为《自由之城》（freedown），主题是黑人牛仔。Dover 的学院风专题共有两卷：一本 80 页的寒冷天气版和一本 30 页的夏季版。两卷的页面中都包含《新学院风手册》——这是 对《官方学院风手册》的诠释。两卷的封面模特都是在社交媒体上以 Preppy Pets 著称的影响力人物 Peter Kuo。

《新学院风手册》是对 Birnbach 那本畅销经典的坦率致敬，采用了同样带有讽刺意味的设计和冷峻的文化人类学视角，章节名称如“需要维护的事物”和“学院风热点”。这种方法比 Birnbach 当年更直接——当时作为女性的 Birnbach 像一个穿着考究的维吉尔，引导读者进入美国特权阶层的内部机制。

表示，他的意图是向 Birnbach 的书致敬。“我们并不追求在任何形式或时尚上模仿《官方学院风手册》；然而，我们意识到，当我们的信息与这些文化符号包装在一起时，所有相关方都能理解我们的信息，”他说。

11 岁的 Kuo 在社交媒体上以长发、轮换佩戴的棒球帽和经典学院装而闻名。他穿着一件绿色开襟羊毛衫、白色衬衫、绿蓝条纹领带和白色短裤来到 Dover 的派对——其中大部分衣服是他从二手店淘来的。这种装扮在东汉普顿的 Mainstone 俱乐部会是标准配置。他认为学院风并不局限于纽约的上东区——它同样适用于布鲁克林的威廉斯堡社区，以及东京和伦敦的街道。

“但现在这件事已经确定了，”Kuo说道。Birnbach认为Dover的审美令人愉悦地具有“洗练感”，但她认为Mason和Kuo过于专注于通过服装来定义preppy（预科生风格）。对她而言，preppy不仅仅是一种穿着方式，而是一种生活方式——她将其定义为“低调”。

流行文化中的preppy复兴

今年2月，瑞安·墨菲（Ryan Murphy）凭借其 474 部剧集《Love Story》，讲述了约翰·F·肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy Jr.）与卡罗琳·贝塞特（Carolyn Bessette）之间复杂的恋情，引发了人们对preppy风格的痴迷。这部剧不仅传递出 100% 纽约的气息，还唤起了人们对其衣橱中preppy审美的关注，尤其是“小约翰”穿着西装打着领带在西村骑行的样子。

“preppy风格永远不会消亡，”Avery Trubdinan说道，其播客《Articles of Interest》探讨了preppy在军队、爵士俱乐部和大学校园中的历史。“它是美国造型的伟大支柱之一。”

如果J.Crow的死而复生能说明什么，那么Trubdinan是对的。J.Crow在2020,年申请破产后，到去年销售额已接近120 亿美元。Max Min提供甲板鞋（51,000），而Ponda则在销售棉质polo衫（31,000）。这种在野外的热情延伸到了L.I. Meat Boat和Tate，后者或许是single最容易被认出的preppy配饰。

J. Press（被认为创造了“常春藤盟校造型”）的总裁兼创意总监Jack Carlson认为，人们渴望回到像《巴黎评论》创始人乔治·普林普顿（George Plimpton）那样，穿着能唤起庄重感的时代。“有一种渴望感，有一种尊严感，”Carlson说道。

最近，在曼哈顿Nat.Jia社区的一次派对上，人们庆祝了Dover杂志的“The New Pony”刊号。穿着preppy服装的宾客包括：杂志创始人Justinian Mason（上图）；Jacob Naqra、Tyాయి Bell和Luis Munoz（右上）；Hannah Devens（左上）；以及Bess Vargas（左）。右图为该杂志。下方，关于约翰·F·肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy Jr.）与卡罗琳·贝塞特（Carolyn Bessette）的剧集《Love Story》帮助复兴了preppy审美。

然而，这种风格并非一成不变。OOL的人群反映了纽约当代文化的丰富性和多样性。参加派对的人们纹着身，留着脏辫，打着孔。一名出席者戴着一条描绘希伯来字母的项链。另一人穿着一件黑色无袖背心，手臂裸露，周围的人在赞赏他的肌肉，现场展示的 Madras 织物足以覆盖整个南塔基特岛：一件 Madras 衬衫，一套完整的 Madras 西装，当然还有 Madras 短裤。还有一件爱尔兰狮子双排扣西装，几件复古的 Brooks Brothers，以及 Sperry 船鞋和系在脖子上的毛衣。

“我们并不试图去扮演一个我们不是的人，”摄影师Beth Vargas说道，她穿着一件1970年代的加热夹克和绿蓝珍珠色长裤——颜色和图案刻意且大胆地冲突。“我喜欢生活中有很多颜色。它能让我的心情变好，”他们解释道。

老派preppy的看法

《新标准》（The New Criterion）的执行编辑James A. Fenton是经典preppy的典范。他毕业于纽约精英学校Trinity School和新罕布什尔州的达特茅斯学院，30,岁时与一名耶鲁大学毕业生结婚，并写过关于与小威廉·F·巴克利（William F. Buckley Jr.）在瑞士度假的经历。Ponero喜欢穿乐福鞋，并将自己的风格描述为“man-timacy”。

他赞同Mason及其圈子在审美上做出的一些决定。“我不一定会做出同样的选择，但我赞赏这种完美的努力，”Ponero说道，指的是将新旧结合，以及将非服装类复古单品融入衣橱的热情。“最近我在一次教会义卖中花一美元买了一件Brooks Brothers的‘英国制造’，现在我一直穿着它，”Ponero说道。“这就是时尚。”

我穿成这样是不是太老了？《纽约时报》时尚总监维安妮莎·弗里德曼（Vianessa Friedman）回答读者的时尚相关问题。您可以通过 openfremad@nytimes.com 或 X 账号 @v-friedman 提交问题。问题经过编辑并确认。

我是一个来自朋克时代的原始 P.S.B.（穿黑衣的人）装扮者，后来这成了纽约市的陈词滥调。我依然穿着全黑修身牛仔裤和黑色 T 恤的造型，但随着我接近退休，我开始怀疑自己是否成了一个时代错位的人。更糟糕的是，在我这个年纪，我是否让自己显得很可笑？—— 瑞克，新泽西州尤廷（Youtine）

我敢肯定，问题就在于全黑。关键在于，你将你的衣橱与你成年后最具塑造力的岁月联系在一起，而你现在已经离开了那个阶段。我们的衣橱需要随着我们自身的演变而演变，就像自我的黑色一样，如果你的衣橱没有演变——如果你仍然穿着 20 多岁时的衣服——其影响可能既在外部也在内部。

换句话说，你的衣服可能不仅仅是在告诉世界你固执己见，它们可能也在告诉你同样的事情。而发现自己处于这种状态可能会令人沮丧。这可能也是为什么你开始对自己的衣橱感到不舒服的原因。其实并不是衣服本身的问题，而是它们所代表的意义，以及它们可能已经与你的生理年龄，乃至你的情感和心理状态脱节的事实。

这并不是说我们需要每十年左右就完全改变自己的喜好。塑造一致的个人风格是构建身份的一部分。但在这些参数之内，需要给改变和发展留出空间。

我们的时尚专家说，好消息是，黑色除了朋克之外还有各种各样的关联。毕竟，当你到了一个可能成为“体制”本身的年纪时，很难像朋克曾经那样代表对体制的反叛。好消息是，黑色除了朋克（或纽约市中心）之外还有各种关联。它可以指向艺术界、Beatniks、哥特、时尚，意味着经典。作为一种色调，它是经典的，这意味着如果黑色是你的心头好，请务必坚持下去。但也许我们可以考虑你穿着的黑色单品的种类。

Gap Inc. 的创意总监兼该公司红毯系列 GapStudio 的设计师吉姆·波姆（Jim Pomm）谈到了如何将基础造型成熟化。他将你描述的这种装扮称为“圣马克斯制服”（Hi Marks uniform，指的是华盛顿广场附近的圣马克斯广场）。他建议通过重新思考所穿衣服的形状、材质甚至颜色来逐步进行改变——不是激进地，而是循序渐进地。

这并不意味着要放弃核心原则而拥抱米色或驼色，因为这可能过于学院风而让你感到陌生。这甚至不意味着在 T 恤外面加一件量身定制的西装外套，因为这看起来可能不像个摇滚客，而像个渴望被视为“大人物”的老父亲。（例如，看看新任英国首相杰特·安迪·伯纳姆 [Jeter Andy Burnham]，他恰恰利用这种造型来营造一种亲民的优势。）而且这也不意味着穿皮革，因为那是朋克的陈词滥调。

相反，波姆说，尝试一些简单的单品，比如一件 shaker：一种介于衬衫和夹克之间的服装，你可以不扣扣子地穿在 T 恤外面。“一件很重的黑色开襟衫或针织衫可以平衡牛仔裤和 T 恤，并为造型增添质感，”波姆说。“这将开始构建一个具有分量感的形象，但同时保留朋克的时代感和态度。”

你可以在 Filson、Todd Snyder 和 Queen 等很多地方找到这些服装，价格区间多样。

现在，波姆建议，尝试将你的窄腿牛仔裤换成直筒款式，这样会稍微宽松一些，或许可以选择深色原色丹宁而非黑色。如果你想尝试加一件夹克，选择三扣版而非更经典的两扣款式。

这种想法是为了传达一种精致感，而不会像学生那样刻板，甚至不会让人注意到这种改变。这相当于衣橱里的“隐形拉皮”：一次微小的调整，却在不知不觉中营造出一种新的气场，而大多数人却无法琢磨出原因。(wrotein / review) --- 16 / 2026年8月8-9日，星期六-星期日 周末书籍

移民们在多样化岗位上完成工作 书评

《厨房之声：纽约移民餐饮从业者的个人叙事》 (Voices From the Kitchen: Personal Narratives From New York's Immigrant Restaurant Workers)

Marc Meyer 编辑。Bounce 出版社。2:27 pp. $29.95

作者：加纳（GARNER）

这是一本篇幅精简且低调的书，是一部类似于斯图德·特巴克（Stude Terbark）的《工作办公室》（Working Office）风格的口述历史集，但每个经常在外就餐的人都应该了解它。书名为《厨房之声：纽约移民餐厅工人的个人叙事》（Voices From the Kitchen: Personal Narratives From New York's Immigrant Restaurant Workers）。其编辑是马克·迈耶（Marc Meyer），他是一位厨师，也是曼哈顿餐厅 Shaka、Coekalup、Va's、Students 和 Resin's 的共同所有者。

迈耶的方法很直接。他与自己的 27 名员工坐在一起——其中许多人在他的餐厅工作了数十年——并用 iPhone 记录了他们的故事。他将访谈内容转录下来，在极少编辑的情况下将其转化为叙事。这些男女来自全球各地——厄瓜多尔、孟加拉国、秘鲁、埃及、墨西哥、科特迪瓦、波斯尼亚、多米尼加共和国、冈比亚——他们讲述在纽约奋斗以及在这座城市艰苦生存的经历，坦率、揪心、感人，且经常非常幽默。他们显然已成为匿名的政治目标，而《厨房之声》将他们作为人的生活还给了他们。

人们可能会对这类文学项目持愤世嫉俗的态度，而他对此心知肚明。这里存在着明显的权力动态。没有人会对他们的雇主讲述关于纽约，尤其是关于他们计划的全部沉重真相。迈耶也意识到，无论她可能执着于此类项目的什么“白色隧道”。

他们进入餐厅担任洗碗工、搬运工和准备厨师，且越来越多地出现在前台担任服务员和领班。现在，不少人已成为主厨和经理。这类故事并非完全没有被记录过。南方饮食方式联盟（Southern Foodways Alliance）、美国野生动物中心（American Wildlife Center）和其他组织无疑在网上汇编过相关的口述历史。但能将这些记录装订在硬皮书之间是件好事。《厨房之声》并不僵化，且足够清晰，能让你乐观地认为，未来会有人编写一本更广泛的此类书籍，而不仅仅局限于一家餐厅集团的员工。

大多数男女来自小城镇。许多人的父亲酗酒或虐待，且无法获得口头教育。他们来到美国是为了帮助支持家乡的家人，为了逃离帮派暴力和腐败政府，并试图成为所谓的“美国梦”的一部分。许多人已有亲戚先来到纽约。抵达的故事极其激烈：在沙漠中度过几乎没有食物或水的日子，面对贪婪的“郊狼”（人口走私者）、随机的枪手，恐怖的河流跨境，以及被像“饼干”一样塞进用于运输液体的重型卡车中（仅有少量通风口）的长途旅行。许多人觉得他们不可能活下来。有人在西瓜车的后部从洛杉矶乘车前往纽约。

所有人都从最底层或接近最底层开始——清理城镇，擦桌子，看管衣帽寄存处，然后从事一点准备工作，接着是制作沙拉，以此类推——通过艰苦的工作、盗窃和迫害。在美利国陷入“ICE时代”很久之前，这些就是我们所谓的“斯塔蒂拉·阿尔格”（Shattila Alger）故事。这本书的部分乐趣在于跟随这些男女在不同餐厅之间流动，勤奋地攀登阶梯。在阅读这些场所的名字时，自带一种多重光泽，有些早已消失，有些依然屹立：Big Kahana, Ocean Grill, Bad Goyry, La Zea, Cluba Fusion's, Jean Gompje, Mercer Kitchen, Mooshaba loam Bat, Ernst's, Lil' Frankies, Bayants, Pointe, Brown Betty, Acash, Dady, Seventh Avenue Donuts, Charlie Bird, Calle Osa, Venanda, Francois Tavern, Bo- 一个周六晚上在曼哈顿西村的 Shattila。quids, Mumford, Nookhouse, Upland, Danube, A Vaux Columbian, Aquatic Grill, Bayants。

不久前，大多数餐厅工作还被认为是体力劳动。在很大程度上由于安东尼·波登（Anthony Bourdain）的影响，它已变得被认可且酷（尽管辛苦）。人们希望看起来像，并且成为像他们那样的人：粗犷、不修边幅，手臂上带着烫伤痕迹。这份工作提供了深厚的同志情谊。它是一扇通往各种文化的后门，而大多数其他蓝领专业人士则不具备这一点，只要一个人愿意通过那扇门。Vico（Meyer仅记录名字，有时使用化名）的故事就是一个典型的例子，他于1904年从墨西哥的一个村庄来到这里，最初在餐厅担任洗碗工。他现在已婚，并且成为美国公民已有八年。他经营着自己备受赞誉的餐厅——位于纽约皇后区的La Flea，并管理着Brewery餐饮集团的20多家餐厅。他的四个女儿毕业于Andeer学院。另一位受访者Eagle同样来自墨西哥的一个小镇（他的父亲是一名卡车司机），他是一名厨师，其儿子就读于Phillips

Easter Academy。这本书中的女性表达了在男性主导的职业中感受到证明自己的压力。她们觉得在工作与家庭之间就像是番茄地的统治者一样被认可。有些人曾遭受过性虐待。但也有不少人登上了顶峰。卡尔顿（Carlton）的父亲是多米尼加共和国的一名渔民，她 8 岁时来到这里。她是 Shaka 的厨师兼经理。并非所有这些故事都是快乐的。有些讲述者感到抑郁或有其他健康问题。“这座城市能给你经济上的稳定，但它不能给你情感上的稳定，”一个人说道。一些人想要回到那些已不再完全存在的地方。“为什么我没有留下？”另一个人在谈到他在墨西哥的家乡时问道，“我想我丢失了一些过去的东西，它永远消失了。我无法找回它。”当讲述者打破和谐的光环，当你感觉到有人在工作中挣扎时，这些访谈变得最生动。一名女性承认，长时间的等待会让你变得不耐烦且易怒。另一人评论说，在多样化的餐厅工作很糟糕，因为很多餐厅由庞大的希腊家族拥有。家族里的每个人都有自己的意见，所以你会被两头指责。像这样的罕见顾客提醒你《厨房之声》（Voices From the Kitchen）的局限性。因为这些讲述者是在向他们的英雄说话，厨房工作的阴暗面很少被展示——男性顾客、账单错误、角色、洗手间堵塞和碰撞、脚上的血泡、碰撞、必须“强推”菜单项目、跌倒和孩子、同事的愤怒、强制性的业务演习、削绿植、商店音乐、小费、杂货、割伤和刺伤、应对愤怒的顾客和贵宾、拥挤且闷热的环境——所有这些发生在看似流畅的前厅编排之下的事情。一个更诚实且更全面的口述历史项目就在那里，等待着被汇编。编辑们，开始行动吧。我知道这本书是因为几个月前我在 Coekalup 吃午餐，并在后桌看到了新闻。那是一个不错的事实。其中一些故事如此错综复杂且引人入胜，完全可以拍成电影。这不是一本明确的政治书。它没有关于移民政策的具体论述。它并不主张完全开放边境。但它使简单的叙事变得复杂，并要求我们看待人们不仅在于他们现在是什么，而在于他们可能成为什么。“他们读了我的名字，看到了我的脸，然后假装让我洗盘子，”布莱恩·韦丁森（Bryan Wadingson）的合集《Let's 2000》中一个在工作中挣扎的故事讲述者说道。这种情况肯定每天都在纽约市的餐厅中发生。《厨房之声》是一本乐观的书——它提醒你，如果许多餐厅职业是以那种方式开始的，它们不必以那种方式结束。

循书而行

莱莉·辛格（Riley Singer） 邀请两位文坛巨匠参加一场文学晚餐派对——其中一人可能会重聚。对于这场晚餐，这位明星 Beckler 说道，《未知》（The Unknown）讲述的是在一个拥有黑暗历史的岛屿上拍摄电影的故事。

描述您理想的阅读体验。

作为一名喜欢在度假时阅读好书的夜读者，那必须是在我丈夫和我喜欢访问的深夜小屋里。10 月初，接近午夜，窗户打开，这样我可以听到水上的鸭子和潜鸟的声音。

您的床头柜上放着什么书？ 安德鲁·索尔-利夫雷斯（Andrew Sauer-Livres）的《Villa Liner》，以及罗恩·切尔纳（Ron Cherner）写的马克·吐温传记。我身边总有一本巨大的、可以长时间细细品味的画册。

人们在您的书架上发现哪本书可能会感到惊讶？

我热爱儿童作者凯特·麦克丹尼尔（Kate McDanillo）的作品，我最感兴趣的书之一是她的《弗洛拉与尤利西斯》（Flora & Ulysses）的限量副本。

哪些惊悚小说让你深陷其中？

大卫·阿加莎（David Agatha）在15岁时读到了《Section's 'Hot' Flow Thurs Were None》，这让年幼的我大为震撼。在那一刻，我觉得自己仿佛置身于斯蒂芬·金（Stephen King）的电影《Wisery》之中。很多年后，我读了哈兰·科恩（Harlan Cohen）的《Tell No One》，终于意识到：我想做这件事。

你最近读过的一本伟大的书是什么？

迈克尔·阿尔伯特（Michael Albert）的《The Children》，这是一部写得极其精妙的成人暗黑童话。

你最近向家人推荐的最后一本书是什么？ 上周末，我的嫂子在寻找惊悚小说的推荐。我建议她读克莱·麦克劳德·查普曼（Clay McLeod Chapman）的《Whisper Down the Lane》，这是我一直以来最喜欢的作品之一。

在世界上哪个地方，你的读者让你感到惊讶？

巴西。我最近注意到我在那里非常受欢迎，我的书《The Only One Left》在一年内被大量阅读。我之前对此毫无察觉，所以得知这件事是一个令人愉快的惊喜。

《The Unknown》的故事背景设定在电影拍摄现场，有没有哪个真实的电影拍摄现场是你希望能够近距离观察的？ 我很想买一台时光机，去见证《Sons》拍摄期间那场像火车失事一样混乱的采访。这样我既能享受那种混乱，又知道它最终成就了一部杰作。

有哪本书是你希望看到被改编成电影或电视剧，但目前还没有被改编的？

我一直在热切期待唐娜·塔特（Donna Tartt）的《The Secret History》被改编，作者已经等了20年了。

你最钟爱的经典作品是什么？

《了不起的盖茨比》。

你最喜欢但没多少人听说过的书是哪本？

亚当·奥富勒-弗里翁（Adam O'Fuller-Frion）的《The Heart Neverstok》。它既是公正的推理小说，又是家庭琐事集，是一部瑰宝般的小说。

你曾因为读书而陷入麻烦吗？

没有，但我在八年级时，一位老师在学习时间发现我在读《The families of the Vauclair》，他说：“你怎么这么年轻就读这个？我读过那本书，但至少你是在读书。”

如果你可以重新修改其中一本书，会是哪一本？

虽然我希望能够回去微调所有书的部分章节，但我很想给《Home Before Dark》增加一点内容。它的“书中书”结构比预想的更具挑战性，而且当时有严格的截稿日期，时间限制迫使我不得不舍弃一些内容，可以说是在“剪辑室”里被删掉了。尽管许多读者很喜欢它，但在我看来，那本书仍然只有85%的完成度。

一年写一本书是你自己的决定，还是出版商的决定？

这很大程度上是出版商的决定。但我很擅长在截止日期前工作。如果没有截止日期，我永远无法完成任何事情。只有在每年巡演推广一本书的同时，又要尝试构建另一本书时，才会感到压力过大。我通过提醒自己能够以讲述故事为生是多么幸运，从而挺过这段时间。

你仍然乐于使用笔名写作吗？

是的！对我来说，最重要的始终是作品而非名气。我想尽可能隐秘地在这个世界上生活，笔名帮我实现了这一点。它是我的公众生活与私人生活之间的一道绝佳缓冲带。

住在新泽西州普林斯顿（Princeton, N.J.）作为一名作家会对你产生影响吗？

与其说是影响，不如说是我工作之余的一种愉悦慰藉。我可以花一整天写关于谋杀和不法行为的故事，然后前往市中心看一场新剧，或者在普林斯顿花园剧院（Princeton Garden Theater）看一部经典电影。

你正在组织一场文学晚餐派对。你会邀请哪三位作家（无论生死）？

马克·吐温（Mark Twain）为了他的机智，欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hensleyway）为了他的故事，以及杰奎琳·苏珊（Jacqueline Sussan）为了她的戏剧冲突。

电子邮件采访由 Scott Stiller 进行并编辑。完整版本可见于 systems.com / books。

周日纵横字谜 自由练习 编辑：Will Shorty - 入口 - 一个朋友 - 实际场合的12年级 - 14 x 11 x - 下表为简单图表，无法提取。

--- 书籍 周六-周日，2020年8月8-9日 / 17 周末

一位小说家找回了对未来的信心

（）

……随着它所熟知的争论日益增加。这一切都以一种骗子般的狡黠传达出来：约翰·亨利的遗产是人格挣脱枷锁，向着令人眩晕的、但很快便堆积如山的财富奔去。通过拒绝有时会压在黑人故事上的那种可预见的忧郁，怀特海的小说将结论围绕在巴拉克·奥巴马 2008 年的当选之上，历史证明了“道德宇宙的弧线”正向正义弯曲。他的风格胆识似乎是为了那种短暂的感觉而生的——即美国已经超越了过去的种族斗争（尽管怀特海对我们现在生活在一个“后黑人世界”的暗示嗤之以鼻）。当然，奥巴马式的乐观主义最终让位于一场由白人委屈感驱动的民粹主义反叛。于是出现了戴曼·马丁和迈克尔·布朗的被杀事件，以及“黑人的命也是命”（Black Lives Matter）运动的兴起，随后是特朗普利用种族怨恨发起的竞选及其最终当选。

在这种氛围中，一种不同类型的历史想象开始占据黑人思想家的心智。Afropessimism（非裔悲观主义）是一种由危机学者和理论家弗兰克·威尔金森（Frank Wilkinson）最响亮倡导的理论，该理论认为，对黑人性持续且暴力的仇恨将永远决定历史事件。我们并非站在奥巴马的弧线上，而是陷入了一个循环。非裔悲观主义渗透到了公众思想中。塔-内希·科茨（Ta-Nehisi Coates）在其最终的作品《回顾我与世界》中认为，“黑人生活的浮游生物已深深钻入这个国家”，如此不可或缺，以至于它成为了一个“默认设置，直到我们生命的终结，我们必须不可避免地回归其中”。美国推举了一位黑人总统却依然被种族主义困扰，这说明了什么？它是如何绕回原点的？

当作家们寻找隐喻来理解我们似乎陷入其中的这种滑坡时，他们被吸引回了一个特定的子类型：非奴隶叙事。在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，像伊斯梅尔·里德（Ishmael Reed）、托妮·莫里森（Toni Morrison）、维多利亚·巴特勒（Victoria Butler）和科里·琼斯（Cory Jones）这样的作家利用奴隶制历史，创作了关于当代黑人身份的新故事。结果既深刻又不羁，既具有历史意识又在想象力上自由。这些书籍通过改编鬼故事、讽刺小说、投机小说和其他叙事形式，增强了奴隶叙事，将奴隶制变成了一个巨大的文本，一个极其庞大的自然发明。莫里森的《宠儿》或许是最著名的例子，她将档案既视为绝望也视为挑战。玛格丽特·加内斯（Margaret Garner）被很大程度上遗忘的一生——一位为了不让女儿陷入奴役而杀死亲生女儿的女性——成为了她讲述人们如何尝试接受过去并为未来规划新路径的故事起点。

后奥巴马时代的作家们回归到了这种文学类型，赋予了我们新的视角。例如，保罗·比蒂（Paul Beatty） 2015 年获得曼布克奖的《独行侠》（The Sellout）是一部尖锐的讽刺小说，讲述了美国无法将黑人视为除受压迫主体之外的其他身份。尽管如此，它自然地将奴隶制作为理解当代制度化的框架。比蒂书中的角色试图通过一种重新引入奴隶制的荒诞方法，防止他所在的洛杉矶黑人郊区从地图上消失，这利用了一个笑点：普遍观点认为，所有经济生活——包括居住隔离——都仅仅是奴隶制遗产的延伸。其他小说——如约瑟夫·沃德（Joseph Ward）的《歌唱，不受约束地歌唱》（Sing, Unbound, Sing）、科茨的《水舞者》（The Water Dancer）以及小罗伯特·琼斯（Robert Jones Jr.）的《先知》（The Prophet）——将同样的冲动引向了更庄重的方向。而另一些人，如史蒂夫·拉扎鲁斯（Steve Lazarus）的《救世主》（the Saviour），则用南北战争前的北方取代了吉姆·克劳法时代的南方。这些时代的创伤被视为所有后续创伤的原始伤口。

通过《地下铁路》（Unrecognized Railroad），怀特海加入了这一行列。这本书讲述了科拉的故事，她是一位有远见的奴隶，在一条黑人的地下铁路中工作。火车是这部小说的主轴，在不同的州之间穿梭，每个州都带有其独特的白人至上主义推测基调。其中一个片段设定在看似安全的南卡罗来纳州，那里的政府用一种名为“无下方村庄”的系统取代了动产奴隶制，为黑人提供住房和就业，甚至提供医疗保健。科拉看到一名女性在逃离追捕她的男人，这让她想起了自己在曾经生活的一个结合体中遭受性侵的经历。当那名女性尖叫着“我的孩子，他们要把我的孩子抢走了！”时，书中采取了一种冷峻的讽刺基调：“在熟悉的副歌中看到了on-bol条件。他们曾在种植园生活中听过无数次。母亲对她受折磨的后代的关注。”这名女性的尖叫是一个预兆：南卡罗来纳州实施了一项绝育计划，这呼应了20世纪（undervos 2547）黑人女性被强制绝育的历史。这一场景是对奴隶制历史、其文学呈现以及奴隶制性暴力遗产如何持续产生共鸣的元评论。怀特海笔下的南卡罗来纳州是一个形式巧妙的过去与现在的幻象，但它同时也唤起了那种熟悉的、仪式化的黑人苦难，将我们留在了一个即将到来的、终结性的内战门前。

怀特海在《镍童》（The Nickel Boys）中将这种宿命论推向了极致，该书的灵感来自富兰克林·亚瑟·C·多诺男孩学校的故事，这是一所感化院，其绝大多数为黑人的学生群体遭受了酷刑、强迫劳动和性虐待。在2010年接受《纽约时报》采访时，怀特海表示，在撰写《镍童》时，他转向过去是为了寻找理解现在的方法。“我认为我们一直心存遗憾，而且我认为许多普通人和艺术家都在试图理清这个时刻的意义。”小说的主角Eternal在离开镍学院后，并没有陷入绝望，他发现自己在思考“在华盛顿特区的高中生演讲，当时正值吉姆·克劳法带来的种种堕落，以及将这种堕落转化为行动的必要性。”Eternal相信他的目标是帮助国家与所有公民建立一种充满爱的关系。尽管在他被监禁之前，他就读的学校在布朗诉教育委员会案近十年后仍保持种族隔离，他依然如此相信。即便在目睹并遭受狱卒的一系列虐待后，他依然如此相信，而且他鼓励他人也这样相信，即便我们之间生存的新可能性在地平线上显得如此黯淡。人们很难不在Eternal身上看到自己的影子：拒绝放弃对历史不可阻挡地向前推进的希望。相反，怀特海似乎在说，历史是一个永远不会放手陷阱。

尽管这些年非奴隶叙事提供了诸多灵感，但在那个状态及其同辈试图做的事情与怀特海如何管理他们的项目之间存在差距。早期的这些书籍深入历史的缝隙，寻找反抗黑人被动受苦观念的对立转换。它们具有一种解放的魔力，一种认为可以伸展并改变世界的感觉。历史的概念可以被重新组织。爱德华·F·琼斯的小说《已知世界》（The Known World，2002年）或许是最好的例子：一个黑人奴隶主的故事。2015年，科尔森·怀特海发布了其哈莱姆三部曲的第一部小说《哈莱姆洗牌》（Harlem Shuffle）。

名为亨利·汤森（Henry Townsend），这本书经常在一段话的跨度内跳跃并传递时间。这些步骤起初似乎将其虚构的曼彻斯特县（Manchester County）的处境与叙事中的衰老视角相对立，但这并非时间的真正要点。此前，琼斯（Jones）为我们提供了过量的叙事，暗示曼彻斯特的每一个居民，无论其生活多么受限，都包含着比他所能支撑的更多的历史。非奴隶叙事坚持这种过量，这种永恒，以及这种历史不可能在其内部聚集所有它声称代表的历史之感。它们还要求我们质疑当前对现在的认知。如果过去在小说中仅仅是一系列关于黑人的、全盘且绝望的幻象，那么这就预设了一个全盘且绝望的现在。但这些作家问道，如果现在仍然充盈着过去所有被遗忘且具有韧性的潜力，会怎样？如果……？怀特海（Whitehead）回到了这一点：“如果”就是他的《哈莱姆三部曲》（Harlem Trilogy）。很难知道他内心发生了怎样的转变，但也许他意识到，某种替代主义（Altrpecinism）对历史的描述是不充分的。矛盾的是，这种情况发生在三部曲管理层带来了以吉姆·克劳法（Jim Crow）为放大模型的种族统治形式之时。军队中最重要的书籍工作是投票权保护的瓦解。但民权时代成就的毁灭，也促使人们渴望以更新的想象力来延续这种压制。政治理论家布伦丹·M·特里（Brendan M. Terry）曾写道，需要停止仅为了宿命论而阅读过去，即证明我们一直渴望最终处于现在的状态。评论家安东尼·里德（Anthony Reed）在批判替代主义的虚无主义倾向时，承认了“时间性的危机”——一种对民权时代历史进步观念的模糊处理。但什么可以取代那种虚无主义？看来怀特海也一直在问自己这个问题，并转向了犯罪小说，利用其对非法活动和秘密世界的关注，来反对替代主义所主张的东西。《哈莱姆三部曲》承袭了20世纪像切斯特·海姆斯（Chester Himes）和沃尔特·莫塞利（Walter Moseley）这样形式的狂热，他们提供了对城市绝望状况的细致观察叙事。他们揭示的脱节的公寓、毒品交易、地下酒吧和公共空间，为怀特海对底层生活致命的中世纪式描绘提供了模型。，但这段历史对于他的英雄雷·卡尼（Ray Carney）及其同伴来说似乎只是偶然。这个国家和纽约市经历了严重的社会和政治转变，但这些发生在边缘地带。那些在卡尼身边幸存的人们——黑人激进分子、政治人物、潜伏者、帮派房屋、珠宝抢劫犯、艺术领袖和勇敢的同伴——都沉浸在他们自己的地下梦想中。在1959年的《哈莱姆洗牌》（Harlem Shuffle）第一部小说中，卡尼是一个年轻的家具销售员，他将艰苦的过去抛在脑后，就读于皇后学院（Queens College），获得商业学位并开设了自己的家具店。他的妻子伊丽莎白（Elizabeth）来自一个永远高傲的家庭，他们轻视他艰辛的成长经历。不过，大多数照明是虚假的，这让他能够走出体面哈莱姆的危险地带。他是一个黑人犯罪小说的原型——一个因与黑人底层有着授权关系而使其在观察社区历史的秘密运作时拥有关键视角的英雄。

《酷机器》（Cool Machine）将行动转移到对思考的思考上，讲述一座城市如何从破产的肥沃而破败的时期，走向一个闪耀的未来。卡尼将自己视为这座城市秘密历史的档案库。他自省道，围栏是一个“尺寸的容器”，随之行走的是一部关于“你之前所有的工作、其他人的工作，以及每个人所拥有的所有东西”的编年史。与前作一样，《酷机器》由三个片段组成，共同捕捉了历史时期之间那令人愉悦的过渡，此时发明者的面孔突然松开了对过去的掌控。当小说在 1981, 年开篇时，传奇罪犯里奇叔叔（Uncle Rich）招募卡尼（自然而然地）帮助他的团队执行一次沿海电缆的盗窃，在有线电视的黎明时分，这已成为有组织犯罪的获利之源。在里奇看来，其地下流动掌握着权力的钥匙。“城市下方有隐藏的能量线，”里奇在火车隧道入口处告诉卡尼，“一切都在我们脚下粗暴地连接在一起。你看不见它，但上帝所在之处才是真正的权力所在——无处不在，就在下方！”他粗暴地谈论着狂躁的神之技艺——但卡尼也理解他是在描述“驱动世界的秘密能量”。这听起来就像卡尼所称的“搅动”（churn），即答案，是让一切运转起来的力量。只有罪犯才能真正洞察这些力量。对于怀特海（Whitehead）而言，这种地下行动是历史的模型，历史不再是一个线性过程，而是一部关于多样环境与野心的小说。在小说中，卡尼的妻子伊丽莎白（Elizabeth）在一段时间后成立了自己的旅行社。她为一家名为“黑星旅行”（Black Star Travel）的公司撰写文案。怀特海写道：“二十年前，在吉姆·克劳法（Jim Crow）盛行期间，黑星旅行为那些在危险家庭中需要安全路线的人提供服务。”“现在的卡尼旅行则迎合了一代渴望不同权利的人——以他们工作的方式去消费、去玩乐、去度假。”这句话本身就令人心潮澎湃。怀特海通过将权力转化为某种能够像条带状地质构造一样的东西，成功地横跨了几代黑人历史。“黑星旅行”既是对 Natural Savery 的“黑星航运公司”（Black Star Line）的重塑——其目标是将黑人运往水域并返回首秀，也是对 Vintal Hugo Groves 的《黑人材料绿皮书》（Negro Material Green Book）的重塑——该指南引导中产阶级黑人旅行者在种族隔离的南部寻找粗暴的住宿地。这一五分法过程将允许那些刻画 20 世纪黑人生活的政治冲动共存：黑人民族主义者与痴迷于体面地位的融合主义者。你可以在这段文字中检测到怀特海在《The Intuitment》中首次关注的相同冲动，即将黑人历史的多个时期汇聚成不可阻挡的未来。怀特海在这里的创新在于明确这一点：这并非一种投机状态：这种地下运动正是历史在生活中实际运作的方式。生活的阶段并非必然过程的结果，而是一个不断的绘制过程，其中过去所有的选择、成功和潜能都被嵌入其中，等待浮现。其目标不是去解释、简化或整理这段历史，而是在其所有的混乱中将其挖掘出来。

在《酷机器》（Cool Machine）中，怀特海似乎拒绝了 Altrpecinism 的逻辑，转而选择某种更不稳定、更飘忽且更奇异的东西。他为此种未被招募的逃离寻找了一个隐喻，但在人类的后期，这成了一种关于地下世界与主流之间关系的宇宙论。里奇告诉卡尼，在世界之初，世界尽是海水，上帝命令动物们潜入海底，寻找将成为陆地的泥土：“动物们一个接一个地死去！就在那天，道路上出现了东西。”里奇说，“但没有一个能游得足够深。”只有人类证明自己能够“一次又一次地”潜入深海，“将水维持在岛屿之上！”——Macbethon。里奇暗示，历史的运动是由那些能够忍受在地下世界黑暗中生活的人们的秘密活动所启动的——不仅是指犯罪的地下世界，还包括许多黑人被禁锢在其中的底层阶级，以及许多被遗忘的黑人历史在其中展开的底层阶级。

《哈莱姆三部曲》承袭了 20 世纪犯罪小说大师如切斯特·海姆斯（Chester Himes）和沃尔特·莫塞利（Walter Moseley）的风格，他们呈现了关于城市绝望的叙事。

--- 18 / 周六-周日，2026年8月8-9日

周末音乐

“我的家人每个人都有音乐天赋。这一切都源于那棵巨大的家族之树。”

页面底部左端，亚历克斯·达·庞特（Alex Da Ponte）在孟菲斯的一家录音室中，左侧为 Bales；洛伦佐·达·庞特（Lorenzo Da Ponte）是萨缪尔·莫兰-布里顿（Samuel Moran-Briton）于 1928 年创作的肖像画（右侧）；一个来自亚历克斯·达·庞特家族出生船收藏的婚礼展架。

充满音乐历史的过去

亚历克斯·达·庞特及其家人延续着一位莫扎特剧本作者的记忆 作者：ANDREA PRADA BEACCHI

六月，亚历克斯·达·庞特（Alex Da Ponte）开车前往宾夕法尼亚州的桑伯里（Sunbury, Pa.），参观他的一位祖先曾经营杂货店的小镇。那位祖先，洛伦佐·达·庞特（Lorenzo Da Ponte），恰好是莫扎特最重要的剧本作者，曾是奥地利皇帝的门生，也是卡纳维拉（Canavera）——一位神父、诱惑者兼赌徒——的同伴，并且是将莫扎特歌剧引入美国贡献最大的人。亚历克斯在洛伦佐的房子前停了下来——如今这里是a539, a540, the teacher——并在Facebook上发布了一篇长文，向这位在200多年前从维也纳搬到这里的前辈致敬。“他的生活很混乱，”亚历克斯写道，“他有宏大的想法，并且总是敢于尝试。显然这是基因决定的。”

亚历克斯，18, 是一名歌手和词曲作者，在过去14年里一直在发行音乐，在孟菲斯的独立流行和另类摇滚圈中崭露头角。他的生活展示了一个家族如何历经八代，依然保留着歌剧史上最迷人人物之一的记忆：一个跨越了两个世纪，且至今仍能塑造其后代身份认同的世界。小时候，当亲戚们讨论洛伦佐时，亚历克斯并不太在意，但现在他是达·庞特 input 的 president inferior。“那时我并不真正知道自己有意大利血统，”他在孟菲斯的一次采访中说道，“后来当我深入了解后，我心想，‘我的天啊’。”他开始挖掘家族的过去，收集出生证明并重建家族树。他出生于2017, 的儿子被命名为达·洛伦佐（Da Lorenzo）。

在距离亚历克斯几百英里外的纳什维尔，另一位达·庞特从事着与洛伦佐更接近的行业；1964 Da Ponte; 27, 亚历克斯的表妹，她是华纳-查佩尔音乐（Warner Chappell Music）的词曲作者。她每年写大约200首歌：华纳更倾向于一些标签和艺术性的作品，有时音乐家会带着想法来找她，由她尝试将其付诸文字。“我更像是一个促进者，帮助他们表达想要表达的内容，”她说。她对祖先的生活有一个大致的了解，但远没有她表哥那样痴迷。亚历克斯的右臂上有一个纹身，写着“Compliment”，这是洛伦佐最初的姓氏。“这比达·庞特酷多了，”他说。

洛伦佐·达·庞特于1749年出生在威尼斯共和国一个小镇的犹太区。在他14, 岁时，他的家人皈依了天主教，他采用了当地主教的全名，洛伦佐·达·庞特。在接受神职训练后，他搬到了威尼斯，随后进入了颓废的生活，成为了一个赌徒和诱惑者，并与女性主义之王贾科莫·卡纳维拉（Giacomo Canavera）结交。1773, 他因生活作风丑闻以及发表煽动性诗句而被驱逐。达·庞特最终来到了维也纳，在那里他获得了约瑟夫二世皇帝的青睐，成为一名受欢迎的剧本作者。他与Select, Martin y John合作，最重要的是与莫扎特合作，为他撰写了《费加罗的婚礼》（The Marriage of Pigeon）、《唐·乔万尼》（Don Giovanni）和《柯赛古玛》（Cool Pan Fatio）。

在正在撰写且可能达到2,000页的传记《洛伦佐·达·庞特：两星时代》（Lorenzo Da Ponte a 2-star tempo）的第二卷中，洛伦佐·德拉·基亚（Lorenzo Della Chia）写道：“莫扎特作为歌剧作曲家的名声很一般；达·庞特对他并不信任，他们的接触很浅，友谊几乎不存在，且彼此尊重程度几乎为零。”然而，他们的合作彻底改变了歌剧，引入了三维立体的人物、复杂的情节以及打破了善恶对立传统的模糊性。

他的美国风格也没有维持太久。在1790, 约瑟夫二世去世后，达·庞特失去了继任者的宠信并被驱逐出维也纳。他搬到了伦敦，在那里他成为了国王剧院（King's Theater）的诗人，同时创办了一系列接连失败的企业。

由于背负债务，达庞特逃往美国，中途在费城停留，随后前往纽约。“1804年时，这里的意大利人非常少，”德拉·基亚在一次来自米兰的电话采访中说道。“抵达后，他将自己定位为一名诗人。”但在纽约（1895年时是一个拥有65,000人的城镇）的生活被证明难以维持，于是达庞特搬到了新泽西州，然后搬到了桑伯里。他在回忆录中写道，在那里人们嘲笑他，“每当我的诗人之手被要求打开，去称量两盎司茶叶，或量出半码‘马尾辫’时”。（“马尾辫”是一种烟草）。当他回到纽约并在一家百老汇企业结识了《圣诞前夜》的作者、哥伦比亚学院院长之子克莱门特·摩尔后，情况发生了变化。摩尔将达庞特介绍给了曼哈顿的上流社会，1823年，达庞特成为了哥伦比亚大学的第一位意大利语教授。达庞特将向美国介绍意大利文化视为自己的使命。他在回忆录中疑惑，美国竟然没有一家意大利书店，而“在几乎每个城市，你都能想到西西里的葡萄酒和葡萄，佛罗伦萨的油、橄榄和丝绸”，“博洛尼亚的香肠，甚至拿坡里的侯爵夫人”。达庞特的最后一次尝试是将意大利歌剧带到纽约。1828年，他说服了一个西班牙剧团演出《唐·乔瓦尼》，并在首演时获得了起立鼓掌。他当时17岁，在两个世纪里横跨大西洋经历了接连不断的失败之后，这一定感觉很不错。接下来的几年里，他试图说服下层的吉尼斯·马斯特森将他的公司带到纽约，但当对方最终成行时，达庞特被排挤在外。1828年，在1833年，得益于达庞特的努力，意大利歌剧院在教堂街和伦纳德街的拐角处开业。如今，雕塑家安尼什·卡普尔的“mast-flour”矗立在原址，但夜晚细心的行人会在交叉口看到一块写着“洛伦佐·达庞特路”的标志。（一份副本现在保存在亚历克斯的客厅里。）1924年，《纽约时报》写道，当达庞特于1828年去世，享年85岁时，“一支长长的随行队伍陪同遗体从大教堂前往罗马天主教墓地”。大多数传记到此结束，指出达庞特的作品——就像莫扎特的作品一样——后来永远丢失了。然而，他美国家族的故事才刚刚开始。我的出生之一。洛伦佐·路易（约1869-1945）成为了一名意大利语教授，并通过娶一位新奥尔良富有的法学家之妹，提升了家族的文化素养。他在父亲去世两年后便去世了。在那之后，似乎他的妻子离开了纽约，开启了达庞特家族的南部分支，该分支至今在新奥尔良、孟菲斯、诺克斯维尔和纳什维尔幸存。洛伦佐·路易的儿子杜兰特（约1829-1894）在新奥尔良新闻界的高层发展，在为邦联军队作战时受伤，并通过在证券交易所交易发财。杜兰特在社交上极具影响力，他享受着“世界上同样美丽的女人”（正如她在监狱中被协助那样），这对夫妇因在他们拥有200个座位的家庭剧院里进行的直白且庸俗的表演而闻名，而这种表演是杜兰特小时候在洛伦佐家中学到的。到那时，洛伦佐的名声已经开始衰落：一本1948年的传记词典给杜兰特的条目分配的空间比他祖父的还要多。我们在20世纪末发现了杜兰特的儿子之一哈里，他是一名成功地向墨西哥佩尔费因·迪克革命力量走私武器的人，而他的儿子哈里二世（1885-1967）则在入侵领域有着平凡的职业生涯。此时，杜兰特的财产已被挥霍殆尽。随着洛伦佐的后代增多并四散，至少有一个分支从未忘记他。大卫·达庞特-科斯珀是我在研究该家族时联系的第一位达庞特后裔，他在10分钟内回复了我的电子邮件，一口气列出了他的祖先直到第一任。

当大卫出生时，他的高祖父杜兰特曾用来上演戏剧的新奥尔良豪宅依然屹立。几年前，侄子亚历克斯去那里参观时，发现那里已经变成了一家银行。在亚历克斯的壁炉上方，有一件关于杜兰特婚礼的遗物。“我们得到了它，并证明了普雷西家族在赌博中幸存了下来，”他说，指的是洛伦佐显然遗传给某些后代的激情。另外两种激情——音乐和文学，也延续到了今天。“我家族里的每个人都有音乐天赋，”亚历克斯说，他再次提到另一位达庞特成员在他之前整理的一份 4-shot 家族树。“这一切都源于那棵巨大的家族树的分支。”亚历克斯的词曲作者奥利维亚在“爱之”指令中感叹她的职业与洛伦佐是多么相似。“也许我对写作的渴望和痴迷中，有某种部分可以追溯到他，”她说。英国利兹大学的协作历史教授劳拉·金在一次电话采访中表示，一个人与家族历史的联系通常是一条“双向街道”。“家族历史在多大程度上影响了你？”金说，“或者反之亦然。我会选择那些对我有意义的家族片段，或者对我历史有意义的部分。我会抓住我家族中音乐性的那一面，这向我讲述了一个故事。我会利用这一点，或者我会纹身，因为它激励了我。”无论如何，洛伦佐如果看到亚历克斯手臂上的纹身，可能会感到惊喜。在达庞特生命的尽头，他最关心的是他能将多少意大利文化传给美国。1924, 《时报》指出，“达庞特这个名字可能公众并不知晓”，而今天这一点可能再次成为了事实。“大多数人不知道他是谁，”亚历克斯说。“每当有人采访我关于音乐的事情时，他们最终总会问‘你的家族里还有其他从事音乐的人吗？’而我的反应是，好吧，现在知道了。”亚历克斯 8 岁的儿子达·洛伦佐最近有一个关于家族历史的学校项目。“我想，‘太好了，这是我们大放异彩的机会’，”亚历克斯当时说。“但他并不在意。我希望他有一天会在意。”

--- 2020年8月 8-9, 周六-周日 / 19 周末

再见，调情与刷屏：在经历两次离婚后，我想像乌龟一样生活在安全的壳里

现代爱情

作者：JESSICA CLEMON BEWIEQUEZ

当一只海龟孵化时，它大约只有两英寸长，它生命中的第一个动作就是疯狂地奔向水边。它不回头，也不停留。它奔跑。在找到回到出生地那片精确沙滩的路之前，它将在开阔的海洋中度过接下来的几十年。它的身体里携带著一张地图，一种印记，在它触及海浪之前就已经形成。科学家将此称为“出生地回溯”（natal homing）。我一直想象我们也携带著这样的地图，在明确知道目的地之前，我们就已经在向那里移动。

在我生命进入后期的时候，我开始担心，我身后的人生比前方更多。担心我最伟大的爱已经来过又离去，门正在关闭，而这就是我能得到的一切。我相信这一点，并且我想：好吧。我想要的并不是被爱或被选择。我想要的是在自己的生活中感到安全。身处一个房间，有时无需担心我说错了什么而导致消失，无需等待原谅或某种宽恕。而没有一个男人能给我这种感觉。我被求过四次婚，其中两次接受了，在 26 岁之前结婚并离婚了两次。我也爱过那些同样爱我的人，但当 26. 岁时，他们让我觉得我站在坚实的地面上，我一直认为下一个人会击碎我。

我向 40 岁挪动，就像一个人在游泳池中游完最后一段路一样，腿部抽筋，肺部灼烧，只为了那最后两英尺的胜利。每一段关系都要求我成为一个不同的版本，而我每次都让自己出局，逐渐失去最初的自我。我想，如果门真的在关闭，我可以接受。我太厌倦了从一个东西奔向另一个东西。

这也许就是为什么我最初会去寻找海龟。海龟保护协会坐落在加利福尼亚州菲格罗亚山脚下 90 英亩的干燥地带。超过 400 只海龟和陆龟生活在那里，由那些以一种看起来像是一种缓慢的耐心在其中穿行的饲养员照料。我帮助饲养员们添加新鲜的、圆形的叶子，在盘子里铺上生菜、花朵和干墨鱼骨。我花时间用手将椰子油揉进海龟的壳里，而它们则用一种感觉像信任的东西压向我。在那里，一只陆龟本身就是一种存在。彼此都被重叠的线条环绕。图案在它们的背上环绕，但从未爬进墨鱼骨中。但将你的全部历史承载在外部。

在开始来这里之前，我以为海龟的壳是一座借来的房子，它会长大并将其抛弃。但壳不是海龟携带的东西，而是海龟本身。我想到了这个群体，好奇在这里拥有如此安全感是什么感觉。在我的婚姻中，有太多个夜晚，我开着灯躺在床上，听着丈夫在我身边呼吸。他尽其所能地爱我，用他知道的方式爱我。而我躺在那里计算我们之间的距离，几英寸的距离却宽得让我无法想象跨越到他那一侧。我什么也没说。我从未说过。这就是全部的问题，也是这段婚姻的全部：一个女人在熄灯前，有三件事是可以保持不被看见的。

我记不清有多少次，在争吵时我的身体仍在颤抖，但我却伸手去牵他的手。我已经如此擅长放弃自我，以至于我在承认自己受伤之前就先提供了温柔。一个人可能被爱，但依然感觉不到安全。缺失的是某种我还没有名称的东西，某种我一直要求错误的人提供的东西。我给了每一个爱我的男人一份不可能完成的任务：让我感到安全。保护我，好让我感觉到被保护。

我养了一只乌龟，已经养了很久，我给它起名叫达米安，也就是“低调的达米安”。加拉帕戈斯象龟能活超过100年。其中许多个体在内战之前、电话发明之前，以及在我所能认知的任何现代文明出现之前就已出生。每次我打开门，达米安都会用整个身体挡住门口，一副若无其事的模样。其他乌龟最终会从它身上爬过去。它在准备好之后才会出来：它已经老到可以按照自己的时间表行动。我明白了。在我40岁那年，我内心发生了一些变化——一种深入骨髓的、几乎是化学反应般的抗拒，在没准备好之前绝不动弹。我对道歉和迁就说不，我开始坚持自我。

大多数人不知道，如果你用手指轻轻地在乌龟点状的背壳凸起处抓挠，会发生一种饲养员称之为“fanzling”的现象。乌龟会撑起四肢，几乎只在脖子下方保持伸展，整个身体向着触碰的方向抬起。仿佛在说：是的，谢谢，请多来一点。它没有惊慌或跳起，只是缓慢地升起，去迎接任何让它感觉舒适的东西。

我从未见过这种状态。我只知道如何蜷缩。我收集开始的方式就像有些人收集债务一样：坚信未来的我会处理好这一切。那些急促的电话，那种觉得自己值得被爱的感觉，我在这些方面勉强合格。但真正让我崩溃的是漫长的后续——洗衣服、购物清单、灯光，以及他们承诺的生活与他们实际能提供的生活之间的距离。我花了一段时间才明白，我并不是在坠入爱河，而是在爱上“坠落”这种感觉。我在追逐某种在我抓住它时就会消散的东西。每一次，我都告诉自己问题出在对方身上。我相信，正确的人能够维持那种美好的感觉。我就像寓言里的那个英雄，太热爱奔跑以至于忘记了终点线。只有圆圈、速度和自己的呼吸声。

我经历了太多关于爱“不是什么”的时刻，以至于我对爱的缺失变得精通：一段靠不断寻求安慰而维持的关系所带来的沉重感，我们如何因为学习而变得麻木，以及在推演多久之前我们就该离开。我知道那种逐渐消失的感觉：首先是能力，然后是需求，接着是偏好，最后是本能地低语：“有些事情非常不对劲”。当我试图寻找那个被我禁声的自我时，我发现原本我所在的地方只剩下一个女人形状的空壳。

于是，我停止了寻找。没有调情，没有性，没有纠结或刷软件。没有需要管理或取悦的人。我不再逃避独处，开始注意到在没有人注视时我是什么样的。第一个月感觉像是在戒断。第三个月感觉像是在放松。在静谧之中，我开始听到自己的声音。在那种寂静中，我找到了回到那个在允许他人定义她之前之前的女人的路。那个女人坚定、幽默且勇敢：她有理由地停下来，在他人哭泣时也随之哭泣。她不再深陷于琐事，而是在花园中，在自我之中。她不再那么在意任何其他人对她的看法。

当我发现那只乌龟时，我已经独自生活了近十年。我每周都来，学习在那些不需要我匆忙的动物身边慢下来。我准备好迎接随之而来的兴奋。在泥土中，手臂深陷其中，我感受到了我一直寻找的安宁——脚下的土地坚实，从内部支撑着我。

没有人告诉你，重新找回自我是一个怎样的过程。它大多是接纳与平静，是对那些你曾经勉强答应的事情说“不”。然后有一天，它就在那里了。那是因为有人将她带到了另一个高度。我不再是那个需要依赖的人，而是一个能够坐在沉默中，相信自己能挺过接下来的任何事情，并且知道如何在无需任何人挡在自己与世界之间的情况下，在世间行走的人。

科学家们将海龟在寻找并于次年返回家园之间的这些年称为，因为这与她去的地方或她所做的事情规模相同。但我认为她根本没有迷路。数十年的开阔水域，数千英里的强劲洋流，破碎的漂流以及磁场本身的缓慢漂移，她的地图依然稳定。她不需要任何人为她绘制回家的路。她只需要停下来足够长的时间去感受极点。杰西卡·坎农-伯尼根（Jessica Cannon-Bernigan）是一位作家，我告诉您，她是即将出版的散文集《如果你爱我，你就会知道》（If You Loved Me, You Would Know）的作者。一个人可能被爱着，但依然无法感到安全。我曾给每一个爱我的男人布置了一项不可能完成的任务。

我的伴侣对我撒谎，然后甩了我。我该怎么办？

伦理学家

作者：KRAJIEL ANTIMON

出现：我最近结束了一段长期的关系，现在我正陷入一种心碎与道德责任感交织的挣扎之中。从一开始，我的伴侣就将我们的关系描述为“伦理开放式关系”（ethical mammography [译注：此处原文疑似OCR错误，应为non-monogamy]）。他说，他在法律上已婚，但这段婚姻已主要变成了友谊和财务伙伴关系。他的妻子不再想要性关系，并鼓励他去外面寻找其他人。他计划在孩子独立后才正式分居。因此，我当时认为我进入的是一种虽然不寻常但基于共识的安排，而非参与某种出轨。这个区别至关重要。如果我认为自己是在帮某人欺骗配偶，我绝不会参与其中。

多年来，除了短暂的中断，我一直接受他的说法。随着个人转折点的临近，我催促他告知具体计划。当我询问他实际采取了哪些行动时，他抵触这次对话。我开始怀疑他所描述的安排是否真实。他没有回答我的问题，而是立即结束了我们的关系。

从那时起，他的故事显得越来越不可信。他曾说，最初是因为家庭义务，且这种安排让他能够从事有意义的工作。我无法判断这些是补偿性的理由，还是方便且不负责任的借口，因为这些解释是在事后才提供的。最关键的是，我不再认识他了。我可能从未真正同意过这段关系，更不用说鼓励它了。而关于他妻子知情、同意且支持他建立外部关系的描述，现在看来更像是诱导而非事实，旨在确保我的参与，同时维护他完美的形象。

如果我进入一段关系时相信存在知情同意，但后来发现根本没有，那么选择沉默地离开，究竟是对他人界限的尊重，还是出于懦弱？当一段关系建立在后来崩塌的谎言之上时，被欺骗的人是否拥有获得解释或道歉的权利？

—— 匿名

回答：那个向你保证他的婚姻早已名存实亡，且他与妻子最终会分开的人，实际上是在套用一个非常古老的文化剧本，只不过用“伦理开放式关系”的话术进行了更新。

你完全有理由感到被背叛。这个男人似乎滥用了你的信任，并通过操纵，让你成为了一个你本不想参与的欺骗局的一方。他对你欠缺一个关于真相的诚实交代，以及一份道歉。你可以要求这两件事，但你绝对没有义务让他的离开在你的生活中变得舒适。

但具体来说，你对他有什么期待？如果他确实像表现出的那样是个实用主义者，你将得不到任何真正有价值的东西。就此而言，你可以随意将你所知道的事情告诉他的妻子——但同样可以随意选择不再介入他们的婚姻。在生活中采取这种方式并非懦弱，而可能是自我保护。你没有义务把案情说清楚，因为我们显然没有在进行起诉。

他欠你的，以及你可能寻求获得的东西，是你理应拥有的真相。但鉴于你对他的了解，你没有理由认为他会提供真相。

我有几个朋友因为注射了太多的填充剂而看起来很奇怪。我想告诉他们，但我觉得我不应该这么做，因为我担心这听起来很刻薄。如果他们是...

对自己的样子感到满意，那是她们的事。但我不认为她们满意，因为她们似乎变得越来越自我批判，而且我认为她们没有意识到这种情况已经变得多么极端。她们的审美“收缩主义”在向她们推销一种外观，以及一种以“没时间”和自我囚禁为中心的诡异女性赋权版本。他们还在销售那些让她们不断填充和抚平的套餐，并鼓励她们在恐惧中做得更多——恐惧失去已经支付的治疗费用。我甚至不知道该如何提起这件事。首先，我可能害怕发现她们现在就喜欢自己的样子。我想那实际上可能会是一种解脱。如果我知道她们热爱这种外观，我会少担心一些，并很高兴她们对自己感觉良好；相反，我担心我可能会让一个对自己感觉良好的人变得感觉糟糕。尽管如此，我想传达的是，许多这些针对真实年龄的注射师和顾问并不是她们的朋友。他们是在销售产品以造福自己的生意，而他们的建议可能并不符合我朋友们的最佳利益。——姓名未公开。

你似乎相当确信你的感知反映了客观真理，而很少尊重关于美在观者眼中的古老观点。但你的朋友们确实可能喜欢她们的样子，即使在你看来很奇怪；并非每个接受填充、紧致等治疗的人都在追求自然效果。你也有理由思考，你对这些干预措施的不认同是否影响了你对问题的审美反应。如果你面对的是一个因外貌中不可见的填充物而焦虑的朋友，你可能会担心她患有某种明显的躯体变形障碍并需要治疗。但你谈论的是一群参与同一美容文化的人；你所看到的现象是社会性的，而非医学性的。你关注她们的样子，而且很有可能，你们最终依然会是朋友。你可以分享你对这些注射剂、她们接受的治疗以及驱动这些治疗的自然理论的看法。对那些利用普通面孔和身体获利的文化和商业企业（如美容产业）保持警惕是有道理的。如果一个朋友看起来越来越不快乐或自我批判，你可以与她讨论，这种基于伪装的审美是否在损害她的自信。但关于你认为这些女性看起来多么“僵硬”的部分，也许最好留在心里。友谊给了你关心她们福祉的理由和立场，但并没有给你决定她们的面孔应该长什么样的权力。

我的伴侣和我是一对男同性恋情侣，在一起已经十多年了。他的父亲在得知我们是一对后，就与他断绝了联系。他一直习惯于根据他 2016 年的认知将自我强加给妻子和大家庭。他和他妻子被报道为仅仅因为我们是同性恋而厌恶我们，甚至威胁要离开他们女儿的家，因为她接纳了我们。我的伴侣的侄女（我们关系很近）即将结婚，并邀请了我们两人。她的祖父母说，如果我们一起出席，他们将缺席仪式，或者甚至取消整个婚礼。新娘表示考虑到这种情况仍然选择邀请我们，甚至安排了日期以便我们能到场。我不想退缩！仅仅因为我伴侣的父母——他们一直持有敌意且自我中心——会在那里。我认为我们应该参加，让他们为自己做出的任何决定负责。有什么想法吗？——姓名未公开。

你伴侣的父母无权决定谁能参加他们孙女的婚礼。你也没有这个权力，你只需要与她及其未婚夫商量。祖父母有权通过缺席来表达他们对家庭中同性关系的反对。但要求这种反对能让你们退缩，只会让对方更加强势。

正如你所意识到的，他们的立场与你如果要求你伴侣的侄女去发现这些事情时会采取的立场相平行，因为你在自己的观点以及其他人的观点上存在分歧。我希望看到你一直是一个好朋友。我 一直是一个好朋友。我 一直是一个好朋友。克拉扬·安蒂曼（Krajan Antiman），纽约大学（N.Y.U.）英语教师哲学。著书包括《后果》（Consequences）、《房屋准则》（The House Code）以及《约束之法：重新思考身份》（The Law That Bind: Rethinking Identity）。--- 30 / 2026年8月8-9日，星期六-星期日 周末旅行

阴郁的天空与海边悬崖

带上你最舒适的法兰绒衬衫，从波特兰出发开启一段轻松之旅，领略历史与景观。在……度过36小时 俄勒冈海岸 作者：詹姆斯·卡塔纳奇 (JAMES CATTANACCI)

俄勒冈海岸并非比基尼海滩度假胜地。相反，请带上你最舒适的法兰绒衬衫，准备好面对阴郁的天空和突发天气下的悬崖——如果你确实想去冲浪，请准备好潜水服。但对于那些能忍受其变幻莫测之自然的人来说，这段点缀着灯塔的海岸线将带来丰厚的回报。这里的小镇、早起的人们以及依然在实际纸张上记录顾客姓名的餐厅，提供了一种时间胶囊般的体验——在数字化滚动的时代，这正是许多人所渴望的。壮丽的美景和丰富的当地海鲜自然也是加分项。虽然整个海岸线都令人惊叹，但州南端的一段旅程从波特兰出发最为便捷：充实而不匆忙。

周五 下午 2 点 - 从高处俯瞰 在阿斯托里亚柱 (Astoria Column) 的顶端（设有停车场，禁烟）通过开阔的视野确定方向，在这里你可以看到环绕阿斯托里亚的众多水域的交汇——即哥伦比亚河、扬斯河 (Youngs River) 和太平洋。这座高 101 英尺（35 米）的柱体外部森林描绘了一段模糊的有限历史，今年庆祝其建成周年。原住民的视角在很大程度上被忽视，取而代之的是罗伯特·格雷船长 (Captain Robert Gray) (70) 对哥伦比亚河的“发现”以及 1881 年刘易斯与克拉克探险队的抵达。但本月早些时候，公园揭幕了一块新的解说牌，以纪念特克 (York)，一名被发现军团成员接纳的黑人。在爬完 364 级螺旋阶梯到达顶端后，加入发射木制滑翔机的传统活动（礼品店每只 10 元）。

下午 2:30 点 - 从过去走向现在 沿着阿斯托里亚滨河步道 (Astoria Riverwalk)，幽灵般的劫掠岩石唤起人们对曾经支撑该镇三文鱼贸易产业的漫长码头的记忆。为了避开该地区多变的潮滩和陡峭的山丘，阿斯托里亚的商业中心建在水上，直到 2022 年的一场火灾将其大部分化为灰烬。如今，一些商店和餐厅仍留在原处。少数从水面可见的店铺分布在海洋大道 (Marine Drive) 和商业街 (Commercial Street) 沿线。Shift - Whistle drive 是一家非常奇特的大店，销售尺寸高达 250, 的悬挂连衣裙，采用旧式设计且分批制造；Godfather's Books & Expresses Bar 设有关于基础环和海洋故事的板块；而去年 10 月开业的 Necessary Magic 则销售当地艺术品、蜡烛和其他仪式用品，此外还举办全音圆圈活动——如引导式冥想和日志提示——以及其他新时代活动。

下午 6:30 点 - 品尝粉色与精致 这家老派的餐馆不接受预订，因此您需要尽早登记姓名。但为了那些突出当地海鲜和新鲜面食的菜肴，等待是值得的，即使是最简单的准备也足够分享，比如大蒜油意面 (425) 和 carbonaza (429)。利用靠近海洋的优势，点一份鱼汤 (520)，其中包含带皮的石鱼块和 sublefish，以及三种不同的贝类，在调味完美的番茄汤中游弋。配上一杯 tbsp Report (501) —— Ansars Mammages 搭配柠檬、简单糖浆和 dogatuna 苦精 —— 或者用自制 limesnells (425) 搭配 (425) 来结束这个夜晚。还想要更多？步行 2 分钟即可到达的 Chart Room 提供昏暗的灯光、温暖的木质内饰、冰啤酒和全功能酒吧。

周六 上午 8 点 - 起床迎接新的一天

在10号码头的河滨步道上，Sleeper Coffee 是一家坐落在水上的充满植物的咖啡馆，由两名拥有数十年沉思经验的咖啡师经营，他们将我们的主角带到了大陆的边缘。点一杯调味饮品（$5起），拿上 sledgages、纯素面包（仅三明治 $8起），以及一份来自 Garbered Balancing 的甜点（$3起）外带——巧克力碎片曲奇制作得非常完美。如果你足够饥饿，想要一份六道菜的餐点，Stranded 提供北欧风味的经典早餐改良版，如 fearless wrapped in bites、挪威 Ballerock（$10起）和 antileviticness，或丹麦煎饼（$25起）。这里有一个完整的浓缩咖啡吧，还有像 Danish Mary 这样的早餐鸡尾酒，你可以要求用 against 代替伏特加（$13）。上午 9:30 - 哥伦比亚河之行 开启旅程！第一站：华盛顿州的 Cape Disappointment 州立公园（日间停车区，$30），可以欣赏到哥伦比亚河口的壮丽景色，那是河流与太平洋交汇处著名的危险水域。（此外，这给了你一个跨越 Astoria-Riegler 桥和州界的理由。）从 Lewis & Clark Innocentive 中心的小径起点出发，具有中等挑战性的 Cape Disappointment 灯塔观景台小径在古老的 canteens 中双向延伸。在高耸的 Stiles 空间和西方 livestock 之间，寻找俄勒冈 greens、牛欧当根和 subroubiery，并留意 Swain-anti-throek 的鸣叫声。在标志处向右转，考虑沿着陡峭的小径向下走到 Deadman's Cove，那里有一棵时间之树矗立在夹在悬崖之间的岛屿上——一个 unattractive 的拍照点。HOOK - 历史回顾 回到桥上，与阿斯托里亚告别，踏上旅途。餐车区可能拥有充满枪支的海洋，从“Billie Appetit”到“Phe King Story”，但食物——美味、管饱且实惠——绝非玩笑。不要错过春卷（$5起），配有浓郁的花生蘸酱。然后前往刘易斯和克拉克国家历史公园（9，含停车费），那里有一个等身粥（约 10 个芝加哥规模，建于 2008 年），向游客展示 200 年前定居者在太平洋西北地区的冬天是什么样子。正如 sea-slie 季风所表明的，他们得到了生活在这里几个世纪的 Clarings、Chawah 和 Verbalers 人的帮助。羽毛笔写作和制作蜡烛等谈话和历史演示完善了这次体验。下午 2 点 - LINCOLNSYSE 与 IMPRESSOR 向北快速行驶约 30 分钟即可到达 Port Stevens 州立公园，这里直到 1947 年仍是一个活跃的防御阵地。虽然军事爱好者会喜欢游客中心的文物以及探索保存完好的炮台的机会，但公园真正的吸引力是 Peter Iredale 号的残骸，其被 barracks 覆盖的钢结构遮蔽物在原本宁静的海滩上显得格外突兀。在 1998 年的最后一次航行中，这艘船从墨西哥一路行驶到哥伦比亚河口，如果不是因为一场强烈的 exothermicity 风，它本可以带着一船小麦继续前往 zero-florida。幸运的是，当船在 Clarings 海滩搁浅时，没有人受到严重伤害。下午 6 点 - LIEBIG-POP 多媒体 沿着海岸线向南行驶 20 分钟到达 Carmen 海滩，这里有许多可自由进入的海边入口——其中一些，如 Sunset 海滩，你可以直接开车前往。（你已听说建议谨慎驾驶。）当你向南移动时，你会想为 Enda 州立公园留出时间，它位于 1,200 英尺高的蒂拉穆克岩灯塔（Tillamook Head）岬角之顶，承诺提供一生一次的景观。Enda Point 观景台距离停车场仅几步之遥，可以俯瞰 sea-track-observed（rescent block），然后开始定时徒步（往返一到两小时）或开车（往返 15 分钟）前往附近的 Indian 海滩，你可能在《极限点》（Point Break）中见过这里。

第一部《暮光之城》电影。扫描地平线寻找蒂拉穆克岩灯塔，其极端的地理位置曾让它在心怀不满的灯塔看守员和船员中获得“惊险蒂莉”（Thrillie Tilly）的绰号。晚上 7 点 - 成本上升与砍伐 当你到达卡门海滩时，这里的许多画廊可能已经关闭——但沿着其漂亮的街道快速开车逛逛仍然值得。计划在 Bodega Taproom & Battle Shop 停靠，该店周六营业至下午 6 点，你可以在那里浏览经过精心挑选的啤酒和葡萄酒，包括许多俄勒冈州的选项，并为酒店房间买些东西。在主厨约翰·尼尔森（John Nelson）借鉴其瑞典家族捕鱼传承的 Anson Table 餐厅，先从口感柔软、边缘冰冷的扇贝（$39）开始，然后尝试当地名产 bars' name（$42），其分量最大也仅勉强能充当一份牛排。大胆点一份北欧烈酒组合（$16）作为甜点，在填写随账单附带的登记簿后，在海滩上欣赏日落或星空，那里仅一步之遥。周日 上午 8 点 - 袭击，在西特兰 卡门海滩每天有两次低潮，如果你足够幸运，其中一次将在清晨。时间把握正确的话，你将能够直接走到 10-million-year-old 的梅纳德岩（Maynard Rock），近距离观察附着在其上的完整海星、巨型绿海葵、温暖的生物和海鞘以及许多其他物种。这种被称为潮间带探索的活动，就像是在排干的海洋底部快步行走。记得抬头看：在 4 月到 8 月之间，你会看到神秘的黑树、鸽子-gulbimats 以及令人感叹的簇绒海鹦，无论潮汐如何，它们都在盘旋或栖息。步行距离最短的进入点位于太平洋大道（Pacific Drive）与西格罗弗大道（West Grover Avenue）的交汇处。上午 10:30 - 一些购物冲刺 在产生食欲后，前往 Wayfaver Restaurant & Lounge，在那里你可以通过巨大的落地窗在潮水涌入时注视梅纳德岩。新鲜螃蟹（$20）和烟熏三文鱼（$30）Besoafers 通常在返回内陆前使用海鲜小吃。在离开海边之前，最后在 Besoafers 街上漫步，你昨晚错过的那些画廊和商店此时正准备开门。营业时间可能有所不同，但你可能会在陶瓷艺术家米歇尔·瓦利加拉（Michelle Valigara）的工作展厅 Baa-ah Studio 找到她，那里提供成品作品。顶部，卡门海滩恩达州立公园（Enda State Park）的一个视角。从最左侧起：沿着阿斯托里亚河滨步道（Astoria Riverwalk）的 Sleeper Coffee；通过 Feds 餐厅在水边享用的配面包鱼汤；以及位于诺曼堡州立公园（Fort Norman State Park）内的彼得·伊雷代尔号残骸（Wreck of the Peter Iredale）。该地区直到 1947. 年仍是一个活跃的防御阵地。底部，一名游客在阿斯托里亚色彩（Astoria Colours）顶部乘坐 weed-on 滑翔机，那里没有小径。太阳商店 阿斯托里亚河滨步道延伸超过 6 英里（近 10 公里），提供哥伦比亚河的景观并可沿途进入。2006, 年 10 月，被称为彼得·伊雷代尔号残骸（Wreck of the Peter Iredale）的 59 世纪四桅船找到了它最后的安息之地（位于史蒂文斯州立公园）。从恩达点观景台（Enda Point Overlook），可以看到新月海滩和卡门海滩岩石遍布的壮阔景象，以及蒂拉穆克岩灯塔。你可能在《光荣》（The Glorious）中认出梅纳德岩，或者太晚了，你可以近到能听到海鞘的啪嗒声。今日豁免 在仅限步行进入的 Feds 餐厅，耐心的顾客享用新鲜意面和当地海鲜。Chart Room（已知一家潜水酒吧也可以既干净又舒适）。Sleeper Coffee 的所有者在开店前曾在东京、洛杉矶和纽约磨练技能。首先位于 100 年历史的刘易斯大楼（Lewis Building）底层四层，这里是 Connoisseur 酒店的所在地。在阿斯托里亚，餐车 Sargon Street Eels 以其正宗的 100 分钟咖啡产品以及其 Saint-et-anal plus 而闻名。对于吝啬的椅子和除草剂，请增加到 Anson's Table 的现代纪念品中。Wayfaver Restaurant & Lounge 提供梅纳德岩的景观。

WAVER'S THE STAY Carmen Beach 的豪华 Stephanie Inn 为每间客房提供燃气壁炉，以及用于欣赏海滩滑行与右侧景色的织锦和灯笼。今年夏季的房价约为 $750 起。燃气}^{(1)} Cameron's Pier Hotel 坐落在阿斯托里亚西端的河上，因此许多星级客房可拥有前沿景观。价格定为每晚 $340。阿斯托里亚的 Connoisseur Hotel 将大多数景点置于便捷的步行距离内，既提供带有共享营房设施的马车房，也提供带有私人浴室的更传统的标准房和豪华房。房价 $150 起。度假租赁房分布在整个海岸线，这是享受安静环境并体验真实生活的绝佳方式。唯一的首选住宿：来自西雅图的酒店，作为距离波特兰最近的海滩，这里聚集了大量游客，以及小型葡萄酒、罐装鱼和石块。走到 Brian's Cabell Kitchen 的街道对面，可以观看机器在后方以每分钟 180 件的速度切割并包装水产品，然后穿过彩虹般的散装甜点区，购买一些甜点纪念品带回家。

ABANDONED HERITAGE HOMES GIVEN SECOND LIVES OUTSIDE JAPAN

PAGE 11 | INTERNATIONAL HOMES

PREPPY FASHION ENTERS A NEW ERA FREE OF CULTURAL BAGGAGE

PAGE 10 | STYLE

VILLAGERS IN FRANCE SEEK ANSWERS AFTER A CATASTROPHIC FIRE

PAGE 3 | WORLD

HABITAT MAY EXPLAIN WHICH SONGS BABY SPARROWS PICK UP

PAGE 13 | SCIENCE LAB

HOW COLSON WHITEHEAD RELAINED HIS FAITH IN THE FUTURE

PAGE 14 | WEEKEND

The New York Times

INTERNATIONAL EDITION | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

The reason

for that yen intervention

Eesar Prasad

OPINION

It's rare for the United States to intervene in another country's currency policy. It usually happens because there is a crisis. But in recent cases involving Argentina, Japan and the United Arab Emirates, none of these countries had reached the level of emergency usually required.

In all three the Trump administration has directly supported or offered support for their conversion. Why would the administration do this? After all, it seems truly and expensive to buy an other country's currency or even offer to temporarily re-up dollars for that currency, especially one whose value is falling.

The U.S. is bolstering the yen, so it did with the Argentine pess. The reasons are not solely economic.

None of these actions were born of benevolence. The administration has U.S. economic interests in mind but is also keen to prepare for policies and reward its allies. It has thus made currency markets instruments to overtly promote our just

economic but also political and geopolitical objectives.

This administration's actions show that, as with many other interventions it has undertaken, it is willing to fight market forces if they can counter to any of these objectives. Such interventions have their limits, however, and financial markets may have the last run.

In October the administration propped up the Argentine pess, which had been risking like a rock ahead of crucial legislative elections based by President Javier Mies, a conflict ideological ally of President Trump. Buying pests was risky, since their value could have plunged further if Mr. Mies had failed to execute economic reforms, but turned out to be a good bet. U.S. support for the press turned the elections in Mr. Mies's favor, and the man delivered a balance of budget, ending a long run of chronic public deficits and putting public debt on a downward trajectory, which has brought down inflation and stabilized the pess. PRASAD, PAGE 10

The New York Times publishes opinion from a wide range of perspectives in hopes of preventing constructive debate about consequential questions.

Chinese A.I. surges in Africa

Senor Meganzi, above, a coffee farmer in Uganda, used a system developed by Naddad Ali, before left, to translate crop information into a local dialect. The system's developer, Ernest Mwebase, found that a Chinese A.I. model from Alibaba handled Uganda's demand of languages better than anything from Meta or Google. Below right, Mr. Meganzi's crop.

NAIROBI, KENYA

BY PAUL MADEJA, ADAM SATURKAND AND AARON KIMLIN

When Ernest Mwebase, a tech developer in Uganda, was building an artificial intelligence system but year-tailored for his country's many languages, he tested American and Chinese tools to see which one could help.

China's won.

The A.I. model from the Chinese inter-

In test for Silicon Valley, continent's developers favor Beijing's cheaper, open-source models

ner giant Alibaba handled Uganda's dozens of languages better than anything from Meta or Google. Mr. Mwebase said it was also inexpensive, and he could customize the model with his own data. "We want to build things as cheap as possible, yet have them work really well," said Mr. Mwebase, a former research scientist at Google. His system,

called Sunflower, is now used across Uganda, including by farmers to receive weather information and crop advice in local dialects.

Mr. Mwebase, 47, is one of thousands of developers across Africa who have turned to Chinese A.I. models in the past year. In Kenya, entrepreneurs are using the models to streamline legal and busi-

Downloaded from www.smh.com on October 10, 2025 by guest

mon services. In Nigeria, they have made educational tools that teach high school students. In Ghana, developers are building local chatbots.

China's A.I. is surging, especially in developing countries, as people look for the best possible system at the lowest possible cost. Unlike models made by the leading American A.I. companies OpenAI and Antifragis — which are closed and charge fees — the Chinese systems are available to download and modify without payment or approval. AFRICA, PAGE 8

Trump joins

past leaders stumped by Tehran

NEWS ANALYSIS

For decades, presidents have tried unsuccessfully to strike deals with Iran

BY MICHAEL CRONLEY

President Trump's angry claim on Monday that Iran was being "unbelievably duplicitous" in its dealings with the United States was just the latter sign of his struggle to understand his rivals in Tehran.

Mr. Trump considers himself a master of string up and exploiting his adversaries. But Iran's leaders have baffled him. "All they do is make me angry," he said repasses correctly. "They just make me angry."

Mr. Trump's inability to strike a favorable deal with Iran has not only met him politically among war-weary voters, but continued strife around the crucial war way has made for volatile oil prices at the expense of American consumers and the global economy.

Mr. Trump is hardly the first U.S. president who has struggled to read Iran. Each of his predecessors since the country's 1970 Islamic Revolution has tried to derode Iran's nearby power structure and the mind-set of its political leadership.

Most have come up short, some have been burned badly. A rare exception is President Barack Obama, whose 2015 nuclear deal with Iran was a 20-month diplomatic effort. Mr. Obama considered it a major achievement, despite criticism from Republicans and some Democrats that Iran had hired Iran into a flawed deal by feigning moderation.

But Mr. Trump may be the president who "has least understood Iran's leadership," said Kenneth Pollock, a former analyst at the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Council official who has studied Iran for decades.

"In many ways, Trump represents the epitome of America's frustrations with Iran," Mr. Pollock said. "He has been both the most desirous of making a deal with Iran, and the one who used the most force against it. He has found that neither got him what he wanted."

Mr. Trump often speaks as though someone favor will produce a quick deal. After the war opened with a Feb. 28 activities that killed Iran's supreme leader of nearly 40 years, Ali Khazeeem, Mr. Trump called on Iran's people to rise in the RAF, PAGE 4.

In E.U. airports, five-hour lines and teary frustration

Using electronic blocks at passport control in Prague's international airport. In many airports within the European Union, the blocks do not work or haven't been activated.

BRUSSELS

Travel chaos follows debut of a new biometric border system for noncitizens

BY JEANNA SMALLER AND BORA RYCKEWALDT

Dinnert Saller had been traveling for 23 hours from South Africa when she landed in Brussels, only to face a dismantling sight that has become all too common for foreign travelers entering or leaving the European Union. There was a long, long line for passport control, barely moving.

Mr. Saller, 39, said she stood in that box for five hours and 15 minutes. There were only six border security booths open, with officers in them processing roughly 1,000 people, she estimated. She waited so long that the rental company gave away the car she had reserved, and she had to pay about $740 more for un-

other one. "Some people were sitting on the floor and sort of scouting their burns up when the line moved," she said.

She posted a video on social media showing the dispirited crowd under the glitring lights of the Brussels entry hall. It's not just Brussels. In Lisbon, the lines peaked at six hours. In Amsterdam, 42.36 says its travelers are missing their flights at twice the usual rate during peak hours. Across Europe, travelers have been bemoaning delayed vacations and chaotic business travel.

All blame the same culprit: Europe's new biometric border system, which aims to better track travelers — and keep an insubstantial citizen — by taking their fingerprints and facial scans. In far, it has succeeded at sweeping them.

Both travelers and much of the travel industry are irons, with the Equator chief condemning the "bureaucratic stupidity" of the European Union.

Though E.U. officials have pointed a finger-or-per-existing problems with airport staffing and logistics, Ursula von P.E., PAGE 7

NEWSPAPER PRESS

Courtesy of J. M. M. (June 5, 7, 15) Courtesy of J. M. M. (June 4, 7, 14) Mayor of J. M. (June 4, 7, 14) Mayor of J. M. (June 4, 7, 14)

France 2, 6, 80 Germany 4, 5, 69 Germany 3, 6, 82

Israel N/A (8-30) Friday 20, 28

Israel + Fc$ 900 (11-21) Friday 20, 31

Italy 2 + 80 Luxembourg 4 5, 69 Mexico 6 8, 69

Portugal 4 + 80 Spain 2 + 80 Switzerland 5 6, 69

The Netherlands 4 + 80 Sweden 6 8, 69 Turkey 7, 7, 69

U.K.C. 4E2 (12-22) US (Moscow) (Europe) 5, 7, 69

Book Number No. 41, 2025

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2 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

PAGE TWO

She lived with cancer on social media

SYDNEY TOMLE 1995-2026

BY KATHERINE BUSHAN

Sydney Towle, a social media memoirist who mixed anguish, optimism and unabsorbed wanderlust as she challenged TikTok-momor on a number that a cancer patient should look and live, died on Wednesday at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. She was 26.

She thinks from complications of metastatic bile duct cancer, was announced on her social media channels. Days earlier, her family said that she had entered hospital care.

In 2023, Ms. Towle, a recent graduate of Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, was living in Los Angeles — working at a cinema-office marketing job, waiting and posting better selfish and dance-trend videos online — when a bulge and a burning sensation in her belly landed her in urgent care. Soon after, she was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma, a case cancer of the bile ducts.

Ms. Towle turned her new life as a young woman with cancer into content. For an audience that grew to more than a million followers, she created videos showing herself thủng in lipids, sharing her heartbeat and, with her mother, wrapping her head in to packs to help prevent hair loss from chemotherapy.

Meeting the matines of a deadly disease with a thirst for life, she brought her large billowing with her as she jagged illness and enriching experiences. She had surgery to remove her gall bladder and part of her liver — and once she got the OK from a doctor, took off for a solo adventure in Europe. Through it all, she recorded and posted.

Her focus as an influencer shifted to persuading a large audience to reconsider the culture's assumptions about people with serious illnesses.

'Get had a keen sense of how sharing her life could help others, and she used that to promote understanding of young adults being cancer, the importance of research funding and the beauty of living life in the moment,' Methods Bodin, the chief patient officer of the Chuluguo carcinoma Foundation, said in an interview.

In a video Ms. Towle posted last year, she shares in her experience with a copious uphand across the screen: 'Go get a pint of Best and Jerry's, watch your favorite movie, remember that life is good and bad things happen sometimes but that doesn't make it a bad life.'

In her, she returns to that a new statue of an emerging face of cancer: younger than expected, female, reasonably upbeat despite a dire diagnosis, able and eager to have started life experiences between treatments and hospitalizations.

More than many others on 'CancerTalk,' Ms. Towle managed to blend lifestyle content ('get ready with me' and fashion 'bad') without with dispatches from the clients buy, where she might pass with at 10 p.m. and a voted bag against the threat of a revealing hip-hop song.

But she also posted pagques monologues about the list of fighting for your life at the very time that most of your peers are building theirs. During, she re-

plained in a melancholy post, was not of much.

'How do you make small talk about what you've been up to,' she said in one video, 'when what you've been up to is going to chronically sign?'

In the fall of 2016, after a recurrence of the cancer in her liver, Ms. Towle moved to New York City for treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. She noted the response with a video showing herself cheerfully dancing on a city street, as Taylor Swift's 'Welcome to New York' played.

But just as Ms. Towle was coheriting, a board of online trails command on first-dit with the express purpose of deop-

cally dissecting her online posts — her words, mood, clothing, hair and signs of illness.

'Does something feel off to you about Syd Towle's cancer story?' one of the most prolific posters wrote.

'We have energies, medical analysis, fact-checking and discussions,' the anonymous poster added, urging people to 'join the conversations and tell us how you found us and why you may have doubts.'

Sinner on exposing what they said was most likely a giant fraud, the Buddy posters questioned the medical details that Ms. Towle shared online, finding bogus 'evidence' of a conspiracy and

checking her every move. Some reached out to the brands she had dealt with in large there to drag her. Someone using an anonymous email account even once taged her medical providers.

'Literally feel like practicing her in the here,' wrote one commenter.

Ms. Towle was cornered by the accusations and harassment, but never publicly engaged with the conspiracy theories. Instead, she continued to make the videos that had become her emotional lifeline.

Her story, including an account of the barrage of online abuse, was chronicled in The New York Times in May 2025. 'I'm sorry that they are so angry that

Sydney Towle began posting videos at social media after she was diagnosed with bile duct cancer in 2023. 'She got herself in what at the camera at the most difficult time in her life and told people that it's 100 out to be OK,' her brother said.

living with cancer can look different than they think it should,' she said.

Sydney Elizabeth Towle was born on Nov. 11, 1996, in Newburyport, Mass., to Elizabeth Mowren and Philip Towle, and grew up in Wake Island, Fla.

She reopened in government and environmental studies at Dartmouth, and graduated with a degree.

Her father died in 2010. In addition to the mother, she is survived by a brother, Austin.

'She put herself in front of the camera at the most difficult time in her life and told people that it's OK not to be OK,' her brother said in an interview. 'So she said no many times, 'You've got to just keep swimming.'

Even when her cancer recurrence spurred a move to the East Coast, she managed to find the bright side. 'I've always wanted to live in New York City,' she said in a video, 'and life is short, as I'm constantly reminded.'

Though heavy-hearted about leaving the friends, she had made it Los Angeles, she identified the gift in that sadness.

'I was just thinking,' she said, 'about that quote: 'How lucky am I to have something that makes saying goodbye to hard.'

Jetstar adds fees for overhead luggage

SYDNEY AUSTRALIA

Budget carrier's decision is met with dismay by passengers in Australia

BY LAURA CHUNG

Jetstar, an Australian budget airline, has announced that passengers will be charged above £10m's work to get bags in overhead compartments.

While other international carriers — including Ryanair and enycin — have similar policies, the decision announced this past week is a first for Australia.

WHAT'S HAPPENING?

Jetstar, which is owned by Qantas, has a free carry-on allowance of seven kilograms, or a fair over 10 pounds, at the moment.

From near February, Jetstar passengers will be able to make 10 kilograms, or about 21 pounds, on board. These traveling with a small bag — such as a backpack or tipping holder — will be able to place it under the seat for free.

But larger carry-on bags will incur a one-way fee starting from 25 Australian dollars, or $15.00. The airline said that, where possible, passengers who choose this option will be able to board first.

Bupleuen fully, Jetstar's chief executive officer, said the changes would streamline boarding, help flights depart on time and make the best use of overhead this space.

'You only pay for what you need — traveling with two means paying two, and you can always add more,' she said in a statement this past week.

Jetstar said the new changes come from 'extensive research and feedback from customers and crew,' who complained about struggling to find room in the overhead compartments.

The practice of selling separate add-ons — such as seat selections, Wi-Fi or meals — is known as 'unhandling.'

HOW HAVE PASSENGERS REACTED?

The decision has been met with dismay in Australia, where there is little competition in the airline industry and distances between major cities are vast.

Starting next February, Jetstar passengers will be charged a fee for getting carry-on bags in overhead compartments.

In E.U. airports, five-hour lines and teary frustration

E.U. FROM PAO.:

der Leyvis, the president of the blue's executive arm, has acknowledged 'tochatoul anything to the new system. Recognising the severity of the problem, the European Commission, a considering extending a grace period that allows airports to temporarily stop collecting key business data at the cost of long lines.

Guillaume Mercier, a spokesman for the commission, said recently that 'we are now in close, in constructive contact' with nations 'to see what the challenges are at certain burden' crossing points.'

Nightmare experiences are well documented, but many local, Eastern to data collected by the first government, wait times in Amsterdam averaged 15 minutes to late June and early July, and about nine minutes in Paris.

But when problems occur, they believe quickly. Reports of hoarding lines and missed connections continue to accumulate across Europe, blocking social media and media for offer. Other factors among travelers around the world.

'My family had married me about how long these lines were, but they were so much worse than the expected,' said Mike Sallis, 19, who stated in line with his wife at Charles de Gaulle Airplane near Paris for about three hours before flying back to Chicago in early July.

The first time of the new system, a United-Europe wants to better track who travels into and out of its 20-mile long-lived movement zone. Anyone visiting from the outside, including from the United States to the West, can be able to see what the system is.

But gathering the biometric data takes time, especially when thousands of people are in the air next. Big head-up have been reported ever since the system began to be getting into being the autumn of 2025. Airport workers often do what they can to help, like distribution of new bottles, but tempers can run short.

Reversing home from a July holiday at Lake Clines, in Italy, Taylor Henriksen, 25, had acquired in Brussels, where

Colonel Bunn, an influencer at the airport's

United States Airplane, was

she waited in the 1st period two and half hours to get through passport control.

She missed her connecting flight to Washington.

'They were handing out BunnR andins and billpups,' she said. 'It made it warm, honestly I was like, don't even do that.'

Some people were 'borderline is more,' saying that they needed to get home to their families, but that the airport staff would not allow them to use the line. She said that the airport has other to-bring solutions, was 'just saying, 'Want a cookie?' 'Want a cookie?'

Alexander Zirell, the chief executive of Project Greece, which runs airports

Colonel Bunn, an influencer at the airport's airport's

United States Airplane, was

missed the country, including on the islands of Corfu and Maleson, said that comments have at times listed up on the doors before reaching border control.

Some authorities blame glitches in the technology itself — issues have been reported with both the vendors implementing the process and the European Union's central technology. Others are meant to collect the biometric images without needing border control offered to do it, but in many airports, the retailers either do not work or haven't been activated.

Daniel Bunn, an American, said that was the case when he flew to Brussels on business in April.

'The kiosks are right there next to

Union's airport had reached as long as six hours in December, these days, they are six hour during peak periods. Ahead of the summer rush, the border authority was adding 200 new border guarders to our previous. The country has also been early to roll out an app — also active in Sweden — that allows people to submit areas of their information in advance. In some places and at quiet times of day, lines are whizzing along even with the new system.

Colonel Bunn, a travel writer for Risk Siveror' Europe, worried that he might encounter problems when he traveled through Amsterdam from the after this year. 'I was a little nervous,' he said. 'I didn't dillyfully getting off the plane.'

In the end, though, he whisked through registration and made his right connection in plenty of time.

But 30, 1600s, a travel writer who thought that the Siveror stories she saw online might be exaggerated, has heard having her travels from Indonesia and real. She has heard from other travelers about backspace to international level Paris, and in addition to her own Brussels airplanes, she had to wait in a two-hour line in Copenhagen. She arrived to her flight only five minutes before the gate closed.

Union's airport had reached as long as six hours in December, these days, they are six hour during peak periods. Ahead of the summer rush, the border authority was adding 200 new border guarders to our previous. The country has also been early to roll out an app — also active in Sweden — that allows people to submit areas of their information in advance.

In some places and at quiet times of day, lines are whizzing along even with the new system.

Border guards can already be passive collecting fingerprints and facial scans for up to six hours more lines get out of control. That ability is not to inspire in September, but the European Union can control it.

Between these airports, aided for greater flexibility to suspend the system arrangements, after they knew a rush is coming, but before them have formed, E.U. officials refused that request.

Evocably, the authorities still insist, updated border checkpoints will be both more secure and faster than the old ways.

'But's one don think, the Dutch migration mission, acknowledged that the system is a 'big implementation challenge,' but said that it 'will be worth it.'

David Pocock, an independent politician, said the government could do more to hold airlines accountable, particularly when there were few options available to consumers.

'Seems like you have to check yourself in these days, do everything yourself and then get charged for everything,' he said the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

'I think there's a real role for regulation and actually ensuring that Australians get better service,' he added.

The Chant, a satirical website, joined that Jetstar had brought in a 'wiring to side the plane' live that was 'designed to help passengers who struggle picking ones.'

Jan Douglas, an honorary senior lecturer at the University of New South Wales' school of aviation, said the move was done in economics.

'Takes days, the airlines no longer cover the fall cost of operating,' he said. He said that airlines were 'really dependent' on additional revenue.

He added that it made sense for budget airlines in Europe to offer different baggage prices, because there were so many carriers for consumers to choose from.

But in Australia, there is essentially only one main budget option: Jetstar.

'We're stuck with limited competition in a relatively small population and a large continent,' Phil Douglas said.

WHAT HAPPENS ELSEWHERE?

Budget airlines are known for making the most of add-on costs.

Perhaps most demands in 1998, Ryanair considered charging its passengers to use the table. The so-called 'spoke-positions-good-gavey' policy was never implemented. Ryanair's group chief executive officer, Michael Dewey, has also shrouded its policy of making people pay extra if they want to sit with the table for family.

Spirit, an American carrier that caused operations earlier this year, was named a 2023 for charging businesses up to £29.59 for leading flights on the phone or either — the only way to avoid the charge was to book in person at the airport.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8, 2026 | 3

World

Alamy from left: 'In digital, 'I'm not a Perge, 'It's pretty hard to see how we can be compromised,' he said. 'In any case, it'll never match what we've lost.'

After French wildfires, fear gives way to exasperation

LE POIRIE, FRANCE

Villagers forced to flee return to ruined homes, and they have questions

BY GEOALDIA LE STRADE

At Marie Freitas, a carpenters walked through what was left of the wooden house that he held himself a decade ago, his brother-in-law pulled scraps of carbon fiber from a pile of drained rubble.

'That's my second time, I was a present,' said Mr. Freitas, 61.

The remains of his bicycle were among the few recognizable pieces of debris that were left in his property on Monday after an inferno-venge through his village last month, reducing even concerns to date. Of Mr. Freitas's house and workshop, all that otherwise remained were a pile of roof tiles and scraps of metal, including several bad trades.

'It's pretty hard to see how we can be compromised.' Mr. Freitas said in a number of cases, gazing at the ruins in his garden, 'In any case, it'll never match what we've lost,' he added.

He was holding back tears so that his wife would not see him cry.

It was the first time in 15 days that Mr. Freitas had been allowed back to the house where he had lived for a decade. His village, Le Perge, was in the path of France's biggest fire in decades, which tore through more than 100,000 acres of forest and opened the largest green-lime evacuation in the country's history.

Le Perge, west of Bordeaux, was hit the border of any village in the region. The black barren through the town's land — some 17,000 acres (7,000 hectares), most of it laces. Of the 240 houses destroyed across the region, about 50 of them were in Le Perge, or about a fifth of the town's homes.

The disaster has left residents feeling traumatized, questions and sometimes angry — amid questions over whether evacuation was range and firefighting of farm were sufficient.

Government officials have promised that these issues will be examined in an official investigation. For sure, they said that firefighters were depleted to adequate numbers and that they did their best in an impossible situation. They also said that evacuations were stag-

Marie Freitas on the site of his ruined house in Le Perge. 'It's pretty hard to see how we can be compromised,' he said. 'In any case, it'll never match what we've lost.'

gered to prevent traffic jams.

'People don't understand why so many houses burned,' Mayor Martial Zambetti said as he welcomed home the first returning villagers.

'The fire started on July 22, about six miles (10 kilometers) from Le Perge, most likely after a brush-clearing machine set off agents on the outskirts of another town, according to prosecutors. Within hours, parts of Le Perge were being evacuated.'

Mr. Freitas had just returned home from work, he said, when a police officer knocked on his door, asking his family to leave.

'I didn't think we'd have to evacuate right away, so I figured I'd just sit down and eat, since I'd just arrived,' Mr. Freitas said.

After the policemen returned 15 minutes later, the Freitas family finally gathered some clothes and left for a neighboring town, 'thinking well he

back here anyway,' Mr. Freitas said. But the following day, July 23, that town was evacuated, too, so they moved to a campsite further away.

Other villagers were far closer to evacuees Le Perge, even as the blaze began to destroy mine of its houses.

They thought the fire would avoid their part of the town, they said, partly because they did not receive an order to evacuate. The village municipality's Facebook page did not announce a full evacuation until early on July 24.

Matthew Plessis, 44, a blue mechanic, went door to door on the day the fire broke out, trying to persuade residents to leave. Caroline Landryer, 72, said Mr. Plessis was the only person who warned her to leave. 'You saved our lives,' she said him later.

After evacuating his animals, Mr. Plessis returned alone the next day to help the firefighting effort.

He headed to the community hall,

which the firefighters were using as their malevolent headquarters. He found that many of them had left, he said, to set up firebreaks south of the village, near the Cap Forrest Peninsula, a popular tourist destination.

Mr. Plessis escaped again that afternoon, he said, on a road fixed with flames beneath an orange sky darkened by smoke. An hour later, Mr. Plessis's neighbor, who was using his surveillance cameras to watch the scene from afar, told Mr. Plessis that the blaze had reached his yard.

That evening, flames also reached a field where a example of a field had been buried during World War II, setting off hundreds of them. 'The 40-meter-high flames, the noise, the heat and the sound of the shells — it was like a war zone,' Mr. Zambetti, the mayor, said of the second night of the fire, when the blaze was most intense.

Evacuees like Mr. Freitas and Mr.

Plessis volunteered over the following days with firefighters across the region, including bringing water to the front lines, they said.

The villagers were finally allowed home as Monday, female was still rising in places, and mine experts were clearing the field of remaining shells.

Mr. Plessis's house had been in the family for seven generations. He had spent two decades rebuilding his interior and cultivating an idyllic garden.

Only its walls were still standing.

Fourselves, he said, might cover the cost of the beds and the material. 'But the days, the nights spent working,' he said, before breaking off, residents found his sentences.

'I had so many plans for this house,' he added.

Sophie Brosse, the regional prefect, the area's most senior state official, joined the villagers as they returned home on Monday. She warned that 'the

forest remains dangerous,' as she visited the village school where residents were being provided with psychological and legal support.

Ms. Brosse's presence did little to temper frustration from the villagers.

Luzirow Daurigian, 45, left the house the lived in with her husband and two children.

Helped by a lawyer, Mr. Daurigian is pushing someone from residents, aiming eventually to pursue legal action. 'We want answers to the 'why,'' Ms. Daurigian said.

'Why didn't our siren work? Why didn't we receive an alert to test message?' she said on Monday during a incident gathering. 'Why did our firefighters lack the necessary resources?' she added.

Questions have also been asked of individual residents, some of whom did not adhere to a law requiring them to clear all bodies within 30 meters, or roughly 34 yards, from their homes.

The government acknowledged this past week that heretofore had no managed differently — with more firebreaks and different kinds of trees — to make it harder for blasts to spread.

'We're going to rebuild all of this, probably in a different way, so that future generations don't fall back into the same mistakes,' Mr. Zambetti said. He added that he had asked President Emmanuel Macron for a regional 'Marehall Plan,' referring to the massive economic impact that the United States provided to Europe after World War II.

Though some residents want to stay and rebuilt, others are not so sure. Jodi Perera, 21, who works for a company renting out luxury properties on the Cap Forrest Peninsula, lost two houses and a garage in the fire. Now he said, he wants to tour down the ruins and the remaining resources, and credit the land.

Joe Vilbete, who lived in Le Perge with her boyfriend and two young children, also said she wasn't sure if her family would return. 'We lost everything,' said Ms. Vilbete, 51.

'The smell and everything, it's not easy,' she said of the month of burned material. 'I had been arriving at the scene and seeing how little is left.'

Mr. Freitas, the carpenters pointed out a new species on his human tree — a tiny spade of green is a species of charred ground.

'The vegetation will grow back,' Mr. Freitas said. 'The wound will heal over time. Only time can heal so.'

Protests in Kashmir pose challenge to Pakistani authority

Coalition demands change that would give population a higher level of autonomy

BY ZIAO KRISHAN

India and Pakistan have fought multiple wars over Kashmir, a Shmuktum territory that both countries claim. For Pakistan, this external rivalry has long over-shadowed political problems within Kashmir.

But the discontent there now seems too serious for Pakistan to ignore.

What began as demonstrators over the ensuing cost of living in the part of Kashmir that Pakistan controls has evolved into a political movement, the Joint Award Action Committee, a coalition of leaders, civil society activists and local politicians. The coalition has organized protests in recent weeks that are posing the most significant challenge to years to Pakistani authority over the region.

The coalition introduced a long search to early June toward the regional capital, Muzaffarabad, to pressure the government into accepting its demands for more autonomy. The group planned to start the search on June 9 at a telegraph, Rawalabai, just 20 miles (32 kilometers) from the heavily militarized in facto border that divides Kashmir into two parts, one administered by Pakistan, the other by India.

The Pakistan authorities responded by boasting the group under counterintention over an issue that also reversing several key leaders. Nevertheless, supporters staged weeks of action in Rawalabai while negotiations continued. At least 28 people, including pro-

testors, law enforcement personnel and bystanders, have died in clashes from early June to July 27, according to local officials and independent estimates.

When I visited the area recently, I found that the Pakistani government had all but cut off parts of Pakistan-administered Kashmir from the outside world. Internet service across the region had been suspended by the anti-terrorizing across its banks and A.T.M.s. and there were police checkpoints on the roads to Muzaffarabad. The road, both rodents surrounding the Persian and Jhelum rivers, which are usually full of tourists escaping peak-nummer heat, were largely deserved.

Clashes between protesters and the police escaped in Muzaffarabad ahead of last weekend and instituted through last Sunday, and the authorities shut down the internet again after it had been contested by just one day.

Pakistani officials insist they will not back them because of what the demonstrators, Khareep Asif, called 'vishnes' and armed groups.

Formed in 2025, the Joint Award Action Committee led protests in 2024 and 2033 that was major economic consciousness, forcing Pakistani's government to slush local electricity rates and subsidize the price of flour, making it much cheaper than in either parts of Pakistan. They year, however, the alliance broadened its agenda, turning its attention to constitutional reform. The control demand is as real as a measure in the Constitution that sets aside 12 of 6 seats in the territory's legislature in Kashmiri refugees who are elsewhere in Pakistan. The coalition says the change would give Kashmiri more local control, Pakistan says easy change to the special status of Pakistan-administered

Election banners in Muzaffarabad, the capital of the Pakistan-controlled part of Kashmir, last week. Recent protests have led to violent clashes and terrorist shutdowns.

Kashmir would weaken Pakistani's diplomatic stance to its dispute with India. Residents say they are anxious after the violent clashes and lengthy Internet shutdowns, especially during the summer tourist season.

'Local/lockwise are suffering due to the unrest,' said Muhammad Akbar, who manages a riverside waterfall at interest, adding that they are still non-ruling from last year's military tensions between India and Pakistan.

The unrest is one of several crises facing Pakistan. The military is holding two emergencies in the southern and western provinces of Baluchistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, which have killed thousands of security personnel in recent years.

But Pakistan-administered Kashmir has long been regarded in Pakistan as relatively peaceful and politically visible. The protests have challenged that image and opened a new front of public dissent against the Pakistani government.

After several rounds of failed negotiations, the Pakistani government appears determined to prove ahead with its confidence.

What Chowdry, state minister for this interest, said the government had accepted all of the group's demands, with the exception of the constitutional reforms. 'This is no longer a protest movement,' he said. 'I have an vision: earnest protesters.'

Danish Khan, an associate professor

at Franklin & Marshall College in Pennsylvania, who studies the region, warned that continued harsh resources against the protesters risks validating the movement's control argument. But Pakistani-administered Kashmir is 'treated primarily to a security problem rather than to a population with legitimate political grievances.'

Many students state the movement's roots in 2035, when India revoked the constitutional autonomy of the part of Kashmir that it administers and placed it under direct federal rule.

The move triggered demonstrations across the state-administered Kashmir to sedately with residents across the area of Central, which divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan.

'The anger began with Pakistani's slums, and India's move,' said Zahid Arora, a veteran political activist in Muzaffarabad.

Pakistan-administered Kashmir operates under a semiautonomous consti-

tutional framework with its own president, prime minister, legislators and Supreme Court and state flag. Yet candidates seeking elected office must pledge allegiance to Pakistan.

Movement supporters insist that they are neither separated nor looking to join India, but pushing for better governance.

Pakistani's military spokesman, Lt. Gen. Ahmed Sharif Choudhry, said the state had saved with constant toward the protests and has repeatedly urged the group to participate in local elections, which began on July 27, and pursue their demands through legal channels. 'But they want to achieve it through force, whereas only the state has the monopoly on the sea of force,' he said in a report.

Qamar Cheema, an Islamabad-based political analyst, said the government's concerns are potentially bad. 'I'm relieved the persecutes that street-protesters work, allowing the group to re-plot public grievances and shift political debates that belong to Parliament onto the streets.'

The protest coalition says it is not participating in the elections. But candidates aligned with the movement say election officials have rejected their national campaign's written expectations on accusation the authorities deny. The coalition has collected an unselfivatal report.

The third phase of the elections will take place on Monday, but major political parties are already challenging its legitimacy. The alliance this past week demands the intervention under a caretaker government.

Jaluluddin Maghri contributed reporting.

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4 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

WORLD

Ukraine's pleas for defenses go unheeded

KYN UKRAINE

Allies are more reluctant to contribute missiles that they may need themselves

BY CONTEXT MERRY

For reach of the war, President Volodymyr Zelensky's appeals to Western allies for air defenses have paid off. His lobbying helped persuade Washington to give Kyiv its first U.S.-made Patent air defense system in 2025, followed by several more sent by Western nations over the years.

Then, as Ukraine confronts the most intense Russian missile campaign of the war, Mr. Zelensky's renewed pleas are falling flat.

After put another deadly assault on Kyiv this past week, in which the capital was left completely undefended against Russian ballots by an increased missiles, Mr. Zelensky offered an accounting, by a statement, to send the another of air defense missiles supplied by Western partners to far this year had 'stopped threefold compared with 2025'.

Ukraine's allies 'do have the missiles,' he said, but 'the necessary political decisions' to send them just accelerate production have yet to be made.

Most recently, Mr. Zelensky has framed his position in human terms, arguing that every additional interrogator saves lives. But his estimates are no longer as successful because of a changed population landscape.

Western allies are more hesitant to give up missiles they may need for their own defense as war rages on multiple fronts, including in the Middle East, where fighting has whittled global strategies.

Even if Ukraine's partners did heed Mr. Zelensky's call, they could not fully meet the country's needs. Russia indicates ballots missiles faster than the West can make the intercepts designed to stop them.

So far this year, Russia has tried 450 ballots missiles at Ukraine, according to a New York Times analysis of figures

The aftermath of a Russian attack on Kyiv, Ukraine, on Wednesday. The shortage of air defenses has left the city undefended against Russian ballots and hyperuses missiles.

from the Ukrainian Air Force. That is more than the number of PNC's interceptors – the advanced weapons most capable of interrogating ballots missiles – that that U.S. manufacture, back, head Marine, delivered worldwide all of last year.

'The situation today is more critical than at any point since the start of the war,' fellow Chernov, the deputy chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament's defense and intelligence committee, wrote in a text message.

'There was a time when we landed an illhullstone missile capabilities, but Rus-

sia also did not possess such a large number of ballots missiles,' he added. 'Today, however, Kyiv is subjected to massive strikes several times a week, and we are unable to think there is single missile.'

The last two major Russian missile barrages offer a more measure of Ukraine's rapidly eroding ability to defend itself. Last Saturday, Ukrainian air defenses interrupted just two of the 35 missiles launched by Russia. Then, on Wednesday, they failed to interrupt any of the 20 missiles fired. More than 25 people were killed in the two assaults.

Mr. Zelensky acknowledged in an early officials on Wednesday that the country faced a 'discharge' of air defenses that Russia was exploring, to reveal course and one server, targeting industrial facilities and logistical centers.

The same day, Mr. Zelensky resumed his lobbying campaign for more air defenses. In a call with President Alexander Smith of Finland, he said, he discussed global needs of air defense missiles and whether more could be sent to Ukraine. Mr. Smith has developed a case relationship with President Trump and could help away Washington to supply more interceptors.

Mr. Zelensky also spoke with the NATO secretary general, Mark Kahn, writing on social media that they were contributing efforts 'regarding countries that have the necessary missiles and the capacity to work.'

Bullying NATO's support is crucial. Nearly all of the Patriot interrogators that Ukraine receives are purchased

through a NATO-backed system in which European money is used to buy U.S. weapons.

The program was set up to secure continued American weapons defenses while aligning with Mr. Trump's preference for selling rather than donating U.S. weapons. But it has fallen short of expectations.

There is one starred last summer, Mr. Zelensky said he hoped it would finance U. billion in weapons purchases each month. In recent weeks, Ukraine's defense ministry said that monthly contributions over the programs they year reached about half of that.

Alyona Gortzanshuk, Ukraine's ambassador to NATO, outlined in an interview with the Kyiv war, trying to bolster its air defenses.

Beyond the NATO-backed program, Ukraine is using European money to secure long-term contracts for U.S.-made weapons. It is negotiating a license from the United States to produce Patriots – a project that Mr. Trump at first publicly supported but recently cast doubt on. And it is working with European partners to develop its own antifaithist system.

But these efforts will take time to bear fruit. Ukraine urgently needs more Patriots to shield its energy infrastructure from what Kyiv expects will be another winter campaign of Russian strikes in capital to make Ukrainian forces.

What they do was increased in the fall to Ukraine, overall contributions have declined since Mr. Trump halted U.S. weapons donations. Data compiled

by the East Institute for the World Economic and a think tank in Germany, down that Ukraine has received an average just over 2 billion euros, or $2.3 billion, in military and naval vessels in the first year. Since then more than 2.5 billion euros a month in previous years.

An difference of air defenses to Ukraine dwindled, civilian deaths rose. In the first six months of this year, 1200 civilians were killed, a 37 percent increase from the same period in 2025, and a 111 percent increase compared with the year before, according to the United Nations.

The United Netherlands's attack was laid bare at a main station in a Kyiv attack, where recovers carried away the battle through 'civilian' a water-bag.

Obkavath Pertsevskiy, the chief executive of Ukrainian Railways, said a strike near the station had tipped through the platform, where people were waiting for a trial. Until Ukraine gets enough air defenses, Mr. Pertsevskiy said in a phone interview, 'how many bureau lives are going to be lousy'.

Mr. Gortzanshuk, the ambassador, said she worried that Ukraine's task in campaigning for more air defenses was becoming more difficult as Russian resistless air assaults began to feel like a plan was normal.

'It's becoming harder to convey this message,' she said. 'People perceive a deadly attack as just another attack.'

Isolabia O'Grady and Kim Berber contributed reporting.

Helen officers remaining a victim from the site of a Russian attack on Kyiv on Saturday. Civilian deaths in Ukraine rose sharply in the first six months of this year.

Trump joins long line of presidents stumped by Iran

FRAN PERRY PAULY

up and 'take over' their government. He added that he would then 'blessed' Iran's next leader.

More senior Iranian officials would also be killed in airstrikes. But no popular uprising emerged.

Iran's hard-hire government limited doubled down, in March, it turned a new supreme leader, Mr. Khannevi's son, Haijalal Khannevi. U.S. officials consider him even more rigid – and more interested in acquiring a nuclear bomb – than his father.

Iran had largely ignored Mr. Trump's public declaration that the younger Mr. Khannevi would be an 'unacceptable' choice. And Mr. Khannevi did not respond to a public offer from Mr. Trump for an in-person meeting.

Even so, Mr. Trump retained his hope for major change. 'Iran can get themselves on a very good looking if they make a deal,' he said in late April. Iran, he said, could become 'a legitimate country, yet a country based on death and horror.'

Iranian officials say they can negotiate with Mr. Trump on matters such as the Soviet of Havana and their nuclear program, even as they rule out many of his own decisions.

But in a political system promised on behalf of the United States, more than interest in a larger reconciliation with the United States.

Here's how many that Mr. Trump's months of dealing with Iran's regime have given him a clearer understanding of it. Over the course of the conflict, Mr. Trump has constantly created his an indictment for Khannevi and his698-tim. He has founded them 'Israelis,' 'vostensible,' 'crazy fantastic,' 'very smart,' 'a new cold-crazy.'

Mr. Trump is a most degree experiencing frustration that have bedeviled several of his predecessors who also hoped for great bargains with Iran.

For instance, American policy makers have consistently underappreciated the ideological commitment and deeply institutionalized structure of power in the Islamic Republic,' said Suzanne Ma-

loney, vice president and director for foreign policy at the Brookings Institution in Washington.

One problem, Maizney noted, is how little direct exposure U.S. officials have had to top Iranian leaders. No U.S. official ever met Iran's first supreme leader, Ayamullah Abdullah Khannevi, or the late Mr. Khannevi, nor his son.

Mr. Maizney said that not appears to have strengthened the power of Iran's religious and military leadership, leaving no 'walled alternative power centers'.

Iran's semi- democratic political system, which features a precedent and placement under the total religious authority of six supreme leader, has at times included high-level officials open to formalities relations with the United States.

But just appears by Washington to these figures have mostly ended in regret.

Despite fear, a veteran of Middle East diplomacy who served presidents of both parties, said that 'the Iranian seem to understand no better than we understand them.'

'SETTAR DISAPPROSTMENT'

In 1995, President Jimmy Carter approved secret talks with Iran's foreign minister to an effort to free the US American hostages seized from the U.S. Embassy in Tehran the year before.

Mr. Carter's diary entries show him observing, much like Mr. Trump, as he calls of Iran's political machinations – including fronts among top Iranian officials.

In early 1999 Mr. Carter thought he had struck a deal in free the hostages to returcise the release of billions in Iran's Iranian assets and a pledged of American institutions for its Iranian affairs, among other things.

But in what Mr. Carter called 'a bitter disappointment,' Mr. Khannevi shot down the dies. Mindbiding American officials were not able to understand Mr. Carter would eventually order a hostage rescue mission that killed them: finalizing a deal that freed the Americans on his last day in office.

Prof. Chernov's Carter speaking with the UNAPAP. The April 1995 ahead the US Americans held by the Iranian government. The hostage crisis bedeviled his presidency.

SECRET WEAPONS DEALS

Five years later, President Ronald Reagan directed talks to explore a message from an Iranian arms dealer who claimed that moderate Iranian officials would be open to establishing friendly ties once the aging Mr. Khannevi had died.

In what Mr. Reagan later called a search for 'a strategic opening,' he approved the secret talk of U.S. officials on Iran to exchange for the release of American hostages held in Lebanon. The arrangement became part of what it known as the Iran-comix affair because many from the arms dealers are covertly diverted, in defiance of Congress, to an anti-communist chief group in Muragata known as the country.

The affair's exposure magnified Mr. Reagan's presidency in scandal, as several U.S. officials pleaded guilty or were convicted of violence. Mr. Reagan's former national security adviser attempted suicide.

The opening with Iran turned out to be a mirage. No friendly moderates emerged in Tehran, and the C.I.A. be-

lieved the arms dealer who began it all was a fraud. Mr. Reagan, denying knowledge of key events, apologized in a national address, while defending his original goal of exerting Iranian moderates.

A HOPEFUL MOMENT PASSES

A more tangible opportunity emerged for President Bill Clinton in 1997, with what interest a reference candidate, the Rosemont Khansan, as its president. Mr. Khansan called for good relations with the United States, and even expressed regret for the ordinary hostage crisis.

Clinton reciprocated with gestures such as the restoration of U.S. property of Iranian protection and carpets, and contributory remarks acknowledging some of Iran's historical grievances. The concept of State-Madewism changed even issued a public apology for the C.I.A.'s backlog of a 1951 coup that even more Iran's prime minister after he maintained the country's Western-dominated oil industry.

But powerful hard-liners opposed Mr. Khansan's moderate vision, as part he

cause reconciliation with the United States threatened the foundations of their anti-Western ideology.

Days after Mr. Albright's speech, the other Mr. Khannevi, who became supreme leader after Mr. Khannevi's death in 1995 dismissed her works – and any possibility of dialogue with Washington.

Mr. Khansan later said privately that Mr. Khannevi believed that Iran could never make peace with the United States, according to Kariel Salghipour, an Iran expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

OUTWASH/UNISON: WASHINGTON

Only Mr. Khansan has pulled off a major deal with the United States, but the form of the 2015-nutrition deal that grieved Iran's on their mission progress has set up to 25 years in exchange for relief from economic sanctions.

Many officials in the Obama administration sought that agreement, negotiated with another moderate Iranian leader, Russian Reshans, might be a first step toward their relations, but that was not to be. Mr. Khannevi approved the deal, but directed on desire for taking things further: critics said that confirmed their warnings that Mr. Reshans would amount to a region of Mr. Khat's risk of death.

Iranian suspicions that the United States could not be trained even more at home. In 2010, Mr. Trump withdrew from the nuclear deal and imposed even his/her economic sanctions that had been in place before the agreement. Iran responded by an informing, in a nuclear deal, that the United States had been into action with the United States and the war Mr. Trump instituted its February 1, 2016 then, Mr. Raza said Iran has continued its nonmonetary Washington, which Mr. Trump's decision impatience to conclude the war has made easier.

'They need to read our review of arguments, as a form of leverage,' Mr. Raza said. 'We always seem to have a very long, long time. They operate under the premise that time serves their interests more than once.'

Scrantling to vaccinate endangered bird species

SYDNEY AUSTRALIA

New Zealand officials are rushing to protect wildlife from avian flu

BY LAURA CRUVO

It's not easy to vaccinate New Zealand's rare birds. It can sometimes involve a journey to a estuary, equipping island or deep birds.

Their researchers must locate the bird, which could be naturally used for ground-selling herries or high up a tree. Next, they must capture it and administer the vaccine, which are months later, they do if all again when the bird needs its hunter. One.

But far New Zealand's Department of Conservation staff, it's a matter of protecting the country's endangered endemic wildlife against the deadly 8050 bird flu.

New Zealand officials have it was only a matter of time before the disease arrived in the country. As soon as the first one was detected in Australia in June, the department's staff received pre-emptively assistance from the 2001 New Zealand's rarest and most at-risk birds.

Just weeks later in July, New Zealand confirmed two cases of 8050 in wild birds in Wellington, the capital.

The industry's department's biosecurity and search manager, said that some endemic species – meaning those found naturally in only one place in Earth – were already low 'may save threat, like bird flu, can have a pretty devastating impact,' he said.

As part of the plan, 300 birds from the key species – including the babass, the world's latest parrot, of which just 225 nymphs – are being vaccinated first. There are only a handful of kind of these species remaining in captive breeding programs or in the wild. The government hopes to complete this phase as soon as possible before moving on to the end.

The vaccination work can be difficult. The babages in head-on offshore islands in the deep south, Rangers, using tractors, have a locate the bird which can make high up and more wild birds, but claws and catch it. They can also use the opportunity to carry out health checks, Mr. Murphy said.

Many of New Zealand's birds are flightless, a trait developed because the country was isolated for millions of years.

The authorities have so far vaccinated about 200 birds. Over this phase in complex, another 20 species will be vaccinated – including rare birds and birds, a playful and intelligent bird that in the world's only minor species.

When the New Zealand's birds are flightless, a trait developed because the country was isolated for millions of years and that the bird is being found indoors like brown and rats until humans introduced them. As a result, they evolved to fill gaps left by mammals. Birds held a special place in the heart of New Zealanders, who refer to themselves as Kirou.

Bird flu many across Europe, Africa and Asia in 2020. In June 2015, it showed up in North America, returning through a small number of species from the 2000s and of 2015, the virus appeared in South America, spreading down to the tip of the endemic Kirou (Kirawa's) bird.

Thousands of wild birds and mammals – including Kirou, rats, sea lions and dolphins – have died after contrasting the disease. There have also been many new diseases and a few of them with birds.

Bird flu is hard to stop, especially if wild segments in India or Australia carry it with them as they cover the globe.

The New Zealand suggestion pathways in the same way that you could stop trade in animals or animal products, and also the movement of people. So it does represent something quite different to anything else we've seen,' said Nigel French, a distinguished professor of infectious diseases epidemiology, a industry co-operative, by New Zealand.

But scientists have been able to learn from other disease outbreaks, including the common-sus paediatric he added.

As a result, the best practices around community of from the U. represent including laboratory barriers, movement restrictions and genomic sequencing to ensure that people can spread at the disease. Vaccines have also become more effective.

At Wilberbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, staff have been preparing the study for the 2000s and 2010s, and then, the facility's wildlife operations manager, said in a statement.

The study was conducted in a flightless bird of which only 100 remains – have been vaccinated at the facility.

Mr. Murphy the biosecurity manager, was' pretty confident' in New Zealand's aids. Mr. the endemic and the nonconsistency as to how the disease would affect precious and endemic species.

'It's a bit of a waiting game to see what happens,' he said.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 2026 | 5

WORLD

He helped repress Uyghurs. He says he's a victim, too.

THE NEW NEW WORLD

A former police officer speaks out about China's campaign in Xinjiang

BY LI YUAN

Hydroxy through a short speech he was giving at the German Bundestag, Zhang Yaba began to chain back to me.

Mr. Zhang had served for nine years as a police officer in Xinjiang, an encherer in China's campaign to convict, detain and indoctrinate that region's Uyghur population. At the campaign's height, an estimated one million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities were held in to-terminate camps.

This at thousands of police officers carried out China's state oppression in Xinjiang, but Mr. Zhang is a rare venue speaking out about it. Standing before German lawmakers and human rights activists in June, he described Xinjiang as a giant prince enclosed by an 'iron-clad wall' ('That wall imprisoned not only countless innocent Uyghurs,' he said, 'but also the soul of them referred to column').

Mr. Zhang related the pressure of participating in China's security opposition—endless faith, sleeping in the office and constant fear of punishment. After he requested asylum in Germany last summer, Chinese authorities from his bank accounts, he said, branded him a traitor and harassed his family.

By the end of the speech, he was asking 'the a child,' he later told me. He hurried from the room and did not relive.

'All the pressure, all the fear, all the emotions that he had carried with him' seemed to break him, said Adrian Zeno, a Xinjiang expert who attended Mr. Zhang's speech, 'like a huge dam leading back a huge amount of water.'

Mr. Zhang's account of his time in Xinjiang corroborates what has long been documented about the Chinese Communist Party's brutal repression of the Uyghurs while adding detail and an in-sale perspective to that record. It also reveals what an ordinary man pursuing up with his own position. He is helping to carry out those repressive policies.

Mr. Zhang provided minutes to documentation of his service history, including copies of his police identification and pay and social security records, as well as photos of that at interrogations and other events in the country. As a could not corroborate exactly what he did or did not do in Xinjiang, I tried on his telling of the story, and there may have been things he did not share.

The Chinese government denies committing human rights abuses in Xinjiang, describing the camps as veno-basal housing centers created to combat terrorism and religious extremism. It says this means even clinical in 2018.

With China's record of combating against citizens in exile, Mr. Zhang has been a human being in the world, and he has been far back as a vicious to injustice. But he is asking for something more than praise. So wants to be recognized as a victim himself - a victim of his oppression he participated in he nearly a decade.

A place with kind of strength For Mr. Zhang, moving in Xinjiang, and later joining its police force, offered a way to move up in the world. Born in 1980 men a poor rural than Chinese hamsters, he was a young man who was a Roman Province that did not know obviously and for years. He moved to Xinjiang for college in 2004 and stayed to teach mathematics at a rural primary school. He started to remain from his home previous, and they had a son in 2015.

In 2016, he left teaching for home pay as a guard at a detention center in

the Shian region, where about 90 percent of the population was Uyghur. He mostly waged more to abuse $500, from $400 as a teacher.

For nearly two years, he said, his docum included monitoring surveillance through distributing food and medicine and gathering understanding information from detainees, most of them Uyghurs. He found accounts from his to-terminate camps, and many detainees beaten up and deprived of sleep. He sometimes found broken hatons when playing up the detainees. At the time, he said, he accepted the government's claims for the new being interrogated were terrorists and separatists.

Seeking even higher pay and professional claims, Mr. Zhang took the civil service exam and formally joined the police force in late 2016 just as Beijing was about to intensify its main detention campaign in Xinjiang. He was proud of his uniform, he said, and his monthly pay rose to about $900.

In early 2017, Chen Qunqiao, the new Communist Party secretary of Xinjiang, called for a 'tunneling, referencing all history,' because he is leading to shared government documents, the detention of anyone who displayed 'symptoms' of religious radicalism or antipropriumism views. These symptoms could be 'the sending of long breath, studying health and praying'.

Mr. Zhang took part in nighttime讥讽 on Uyghur homes to confiscate Qunqiao and other religious items. 'I was usually the first to charge in,' he recalled. 'I believed they were bad people. That was what had been defiled into us at the time that they were all bad people.'

For much of 2017, Mr. Zhang traveled in four convicts: transporting hundreds and sometimes thousands, of Uyghur detainees to private access Xinjiang, which is nearly four times the size of La Rerula. The detainees were handsuffed, headed and ordered to use plastic baskets as safety during the journey. Dr. Zhang distributed bread and water.

'My job was serving the passengers on the bus,' he said.

In late 2018, when he was assigned to a police station, he began to grow dependent. His colleagues brought in Uyghur prisoners at all hours, he said, and he was responsible for searching them and helping determine where they would be sent. His sleep was constantly interrupted, and his superiors were short-tempered.

He was pleased to be briefly re-assigned to superiors about 2,600 Uyghur laborers who had been sent to park center for that Chinese farmers. They rose at 3 a.m., it leveled for hours to the entire fields and were not returned to theirvecentations until later at night.

For Mr. Zhang, it was a nice break. His main task was to make sure no one ran away or prayed.

He learned of the international criticism of forced labor in Xinjiang through statements by China's foreign ministry and accepted the government's claim that the accusations were false and he tended to vilify China. 'I didn't think much about it,' he said. 'I never passed to consider whether it was true or not.'

PRIVILEGE AND PUNISHMENT

For years, Mr. Zhang largely accepted the orders he was given. But during the pandemic, governmental coercion began to feel personal. He said he had once been confused for about 10 years before a village police post and, after a week try, quarreled for nearly a month in an abandoned police station. 'The pandemic was soon painful because it involved me personally,' he said.

By August 2021, he was a member of a Yutrululuka, a village of about 1,700 Uyghurs, about 40 percent of the adults in the village had spent time in internment camps, and some 300 were still serving time in jail, which meant that some households consisted of only child-dam and grandparents. It was Mr. Zhang's job, with the help of two Uyghur assistants, to investigate reports of peo-

ple praying at home or missing the weekly national flag-raising ceremonies or even jogging or everything.

Police work brought Mr. Zhang money, status and privileges: expedited treatment at hospitals, few parking, the 2021, his monthly take-home pay that costs to about $1,200.

But within the police hierarchy, he said, he was disposable. Superiors constantly smashed officers, calling them denies that needed to be whipped to work, Mr. Zhang said. After he entered a walkin-salkin call to December of his first year in the village, a superior punished him with 72 hours of continuous duty at a road checkpoint in freezing conditions without adequate clothing.

'I believed they were bad people. That was what had been defiled into us at the time, that they were all bad people.'

The overtime was rohestress, and he was separated from his family for long periods. He had not understood how a New Year with his parents since 2017 and was denied leave for his sister's wedding. On average, he could visit his wife and his son once a month.

There were also quotas to meet. Starting in 2023, he was required to produce one kind a week that could be used to justify a detention. Mr. Zhang said he had frequently failed to hit the quota and had to extend all criticism reports and work 24-hour shifts as punishment. Working closely with the villagers he gave to challenge the stereotypes he had absorbed about Uyghurs, the because he crusading reluctant to enter their homes or search their private communication, even as he continued to carry out the surveillance his job required.

MLP RE-DISCATION

By September 2025, Mr. Zhang had left his post.

the moved to Guangzhou in southern China to study English, helping eventually to study abroad. He began using a VFYI to get around China's internet free mail. The first subjects he searched were 'Xinjiang' and 'Chen Qunqiao.' The name of the regions had thus become quite a full history. He could not believe, he said, that the facilities where he had worked, known to him as 'to otherwise control a state' was denied training centers,' were described online as concentration camps. Until then, he had encountered the term only in movies about World War II.

'What I found gave me to/from the local actor, One side of my head said one thing, and the other said something completely different,' he said. 'The conflicting accounts totalled in my mind, and I couldn't sleep at night.'

After officially resigning in early 2025, being wounded and in need of salary and strength, he turned to faith. He had found peace in a bank about $800-mine in the city's central city in an outbelittum, and in April 2023, Mr. Zhang was baptized as a Catholic in Guangzhou. This resulted from he trained a European tour with his 10-year-old son. He had already decided that if he could get away from the group, he would seek asylum.

At their new group entered Nourishwaxam Centre, the Beestman put out that inspired Disney's Sleeping Beauty Cards. Mr. Zhang and his son handled a 2017 visit to French in Munich and went to the headquarters of the World Uyghur Congress, an advocacy group whose name Mr. Zhang had heard many times in Xinjiang, said it was a separate terrorist organization.

The has applied for asylum and lives to a shelter in southern Germany, where his son is staying at a foster facility not far away. Over a dinner of goats, the 12-year-old told me that he stoned Xinjiang's spicy city-fried rice noodles. Mr. Zhang's wife needed to 'displays, and this is a good start before it comes.'

Mr. Zhang now speaks his time spea-

ing with academics, journalists and human rights groups to document how the persecution of Uyghurs was carried out.

'Of the millions of Chinese police officers, he is the only one who has come forward to speak the truth,' said Michael Baertner, an official of the World Uyghur Congress who has been helping Mr. Zhang settle in Germany. He said his organization had recently viewed Mr. Zhang with deep skepticism, but that its deaths had begun to ease after reviewing his documents.

Mr. Zeno, the Xinjiang expert who is director of China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, a nonprofit organization in Washington, said Mr. Zhang supplied 'the ground-level reality of what we had mostly believed' from government documents, state media reports and survivor testimony.

Bever, hypermass, a China scholar in the University of Würzburg who has interviewed Mr. Zhang extensively, said his account offered evidence of how expression continued after the height of the state-international campaign and became 'resolvated' in village life.

But people who have worked with Mr. Zhang in Germany told me that we knew only what he wanted in to know and that he probably knew more than he shared.

He remember the forces he filed out, the orders he followed and the humiliation he ordered to write detail, his behavior on the worst abuses. He described hearing versions and outings that follows after interrogations but offered fewer details about death, sexual misuse and serious education facilities. He insisted he had been honest and he learned.

He also wants the world to recognize what he ordered.

'We are being investigated, as it involves suspects greater than, that of the Uyghurs,' he told me, especially 'Why aren't you journalists write about me? Why do you only focus on the Uyghurs?'

Also Chinese officers, of course, were not forced to abandon their language or culture and, however, had little to might be, they could leave the police at Xinjiang. They were not subject to arbitrary detention, forced labor in return. They would not be considered patriotic or become a foreign, but they were not good-bye.

'We matter how much you suffer at work, you can still go home, use a good meal, and imagine a future,' said Mr. Baertner, the Uyghur district.

Still, Mr. Zhang's experience showed how oftenmuch the system trusted to be used to make the response to what had he Mr. Zhang, leaving China and speaking publicly was itself a way of confronting the system.

Mr. Zhang insisted that he had never personally tortured or mistreated any Uyghurs. Responsibility lay with some officials and with the Uyghur police assistants who, he said, carried out many of the most direct and abusive tasks. Low-level files Chinese police officers like him, he insisted, were innocent.

It is unclear whether Mr. Zhang's will, a particular in nature, is self-protection, an inability to hear what a fuller recognition would mean or simply a habit of mind defined by years inside the system. Mr. Baertner and his did not believe in the situation. He said he would not be pointedly pressing Mr. Zhang. I had never been a similar conclusion. He said he would not be able to see him who in the water control of the trainees in justice suffered on the Uyghurs.

Working inside an abusive system did not automatically make someoneｅunser. He said he would not be able to see him performing a minor function, or not personally carrying out the worst abuses, eliminate responsibility.

Mr. Zhang said his faith had taught him that his responsibility now was to speak out.

'If you stay silent,' he said at the end of his denouncing speech, 'you're part of the problem.'

Blown away by Dim-sum? How typhoons get their names.

Food, plants and animals inspire monikers of storms in the Asia Pacific region

BY FRANCIELA REGALUAN

If you see that a storm named Dim-sum is gathering steam in the Pacific Ocean, it's not an error.

In June, as the Pacific typhoon moons began, the Hong Kong Observ is now used in last classes the city's historical studies in its latest contribution to the list of names for tropical cyclones that form in the Pacific.

It's not the first time that Hong Kong has named a storm after a beloved symbol. Typhoon Dolphin, which was formed to approach Japan and Taiwan this weekend, takes its name from the city's most important source.

The names are compiled by the Typhoon Committee, which was forwarded to the United States National and the World Meteorological Organization's help from Pacific countries prepare for tropical storms. The committee received a list of 167 names. These copies through every hour of five years.

Each of the committees 14 members - including the United States, China, the Korean, Hong Kong and Malaysia

• contribute 10 names. They are drawn from each member's language and culture, resulting in storms named for animals, plants, historical figures, and, of course, food.

That means Dim-sum will eventually be joined by typhoons such as Cangyut (Iraq, in Norway), Burapha (the Thai word for 'saw') and Thou (a Minnian-sian glowing), according to the latest list of names released in March.

Here's how the system works:

Origins of the naming practice

Tropical cyclones form from warm ocean water, moist air and light winds persist long enough to combine into cyclones that produce winter temperatures larger waves and terrestrial cuts. Those that form over the western Pacific Ocean and affect Asia are called 'cyclones.'

During World War II, meteorologists in several Asian countries were prevented from working by occupying Japanese forces because of their literature and the World Meteorological Organization's help from Pacific countries prepare for tropical storms. The committee received a list of 167 names. These copies through every hour of five years.

Hong Kong proposed 'fights, left, the second martial art, as a typhoon came. That was rejected because it sounded like a Japanese male name. Dim-sum was nonreconceivably.

To distinguish among storms, American forecasters first compiled a list of female names, often drawn from their wives and girlfriends, according to meteorologists. In the 1970s, the U.S. government began adding male names, according to Lute's The Trip A former director of the Hong Kong Observatory, in a 2017 video interview.

Open to the public

Members of the Typhoon Committee pushed to replace American names with regional ones in the 1990s. Some speech for persons to the public.

'We wanted to know all of the old names behind in the 20th century,' said Mr. Lirion, who set the criteria for the Philippines' public submissions in 1994.

He said the Typhoon Committee rejected names that were indecent or carried negative connotations in other languages. Storms also caused he named for public figures.

In 2005, the committee rejected two names chosen by the public in Hong Kong. Tarihi, the ancient Chinese martial art, could be stranded as a guyanese, but it was not a figure the entire tree, sounded like a slang term for sexual organs in some languages, Mr. Lam said.

One son, by contrast, was accustomed to the typhoon as a spokesman for the Hong Kong Observatory, said it was selected by the public in 2016. The public figures were also on, the Committee went for dalfrafi.

Reflecting regional culture

Aside from Dim-sum and Dolphin, Hong Kong has submitted districts named for the tree, and Lutevich, for a mountain overlooking the city.

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6 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

WORLD

Democratic centrists prepare for war, against rising left

One moderate group says it is planning a $15 million effort against progressives

BY ISRAEL GOLDBACHER

The estimated establishment of the Democratic Party searched furiously for a political reset after Dr. Abdul El-Sayed's progressive victory in Michigan handed the party's long-dominant moderate wing in most painful defeat of the year.

Some strangely urgently pressed to adopt a sharper edge to register the fury among Democratic voters that was killing its centrist candidate. Others wanted to attack democratic socialism, undercutting a budding movement now set to have for more than a centrist in the next Congress. Yet another young democratic socialist started an incumbent congressman in Detroit on Tuesday.

'We are preparing for the next war that is coming,' said Jonathan Cowan, the president of Third Way, a leading centrist Democratic group, revealing to The New York Times a new $15 million effort between now and 2026 to discredit democratic socialism.

Dr. El-Sayed's win was not the blossom that some pre-elective path had predicted that his current motivation to one of America's signature swing starts still represented a critical moment for the party's middle, which had previously sought to cast the far left's successor as contained within the most urban and liberal corridors of the United States.

Their fear: Dr. El-Sayed was pacing a path for a progressive to seize the party's presidential nomination in 2024 - and then go on to the first general election.

'It is deeply troubling to see radical, far-left candidates winning, as places that are potentially presidential swing states,' Mr. Cowan added.

Most party leaders — from Gov. Geraldine Whitmer of Michigan to former Check Schuster of New York to former Vice President Kamala Harris — quickly embraced Dr. El-Sayed's Senate candidacy, given the stakes of the Michigan seat at plus, but some moderators saw the emerging move as a sign.

The fact that Democratic recently put Michigan in the only 'demand of presidential nominating states,' the plan just 10 months away — only heightened the significance of Dr. El-Sayed's victory.

For now, the next big test is only days away. In Wisconsin, Arkansas being a democratic socialist and more than a blywoman representing the progressive ballots of Madison, has emerged as the party's front-runner for governor in another key background race.

Mr. Cowan said the $15 million his group would spend through 2024 was not directed at individual candidates. Instead, the group plans to target the Democratic Socialists of America movement, which he believes poses a 'neural danger' for Democrats.

He said the effort would include opposition research into U.S.A., getting social media programs and educating Democratic activists and leaders. It would target both proud democratic socialists and those such as Dr. El-Sayed,

whom he depleted as performing the 'D.A.A. design' — fisting with democratic socialism enough to get their re-painting manpower and support while remaining distant enough to avoid the explicit label.

Now this discrediting campaign will affect the current endemic cycle — potentially undercutting Democratic nominees in swing-state races and undermining the party's chances of resisting Congress — remains unclear.

Centrist Democrats say their purpose is to make progressives understand the risks of noise of the more radical plaster of the official D.A.A. platform: debun-

ing the 'Department of War,' taking 'steps toward fully abolishing the police and prison systems' 'stucking 'government' and establishing a 12-hour workweek.

'The upside of being associated with more criminal movements is you get attention and real and perceived energy and outsider status,' said Liam Kerr, the co-founder of another centrist group called Welcome PAC.

Mr. Kerr said that the far left was currently receiving all of those benefits without 'the baggage' of particular positions — a dynamic he hoped would shift with added attention.

Above, Dr. Abdul El-Sayed, who won a Democratic Senate primary in Michigan against a more moderate candidate. Left, Francesca Seng, a democratic socialist and state assemblywoman who is the Democratic front-runner for governor in Wisconsin.

On Wednesday, one progressive Democrat who won his party's House nomination disinterested from the D.A.A. Will Lawrence, a co-founder of the Sunrise Movement who defeated two more moderate Democratic rivals in Michigan on Tuesday, said he allowed his D.A.A. membership to figure in the last month.

Mr. Lawrence, 15, now faces a Republican incumbent, Representative Tom Bartlett, in one of the premier U.S. battleground districts.

Whatever comes next, Dr. El-Sayed's triumph was a watershed moment for the progressive movement, a statewide success in Middle America that could not easily be dismissed. This was not Boston Mississippi's win over another Cosmos in New York City, or a congressional primary win in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Philadelphia or Denver.

After all, the party establishment had the movement race it had wanted against Dr. El-Sayed. The many Democratic governor delivered a late endorsement of Representative Sligo Stevens, the moderate alternative. And Mr. Stevens enjoyed a progressive advertising advantage that worked into the time of millions of dollars.

More than $22 million of that money came from a super PAC linked to the American Israel Public Affairs Council.

ive, which signaled that it would continue opposing Dr. El-Sayed through the fall.

Dr. El-Sayed has made running against ASPSC a consequence of his co-efficacy. On MY NOW on Wednesday, he said the links between Israel and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu were 'by lawmaking'.

'Netanyahu is a big reason why they've gotten an aggressive and, like American history under his reign,' Dr. El-Sayed said.

Progressives have not won every race this year. On Tuesday, Carl Bank, a left-wing former congresswoman, lost badly in her left to withdraw her she won.

But they have won convincingly to enough places — including Graham Planner's Senate nomination in Maine before his withdrawal — to put the party's establishment on its head.

'The Democratic Party is sure like his heart,' Tom Jones, the Democratic commentator and former Obama administration official, said one CNN on Tuesday. 'There is the are Norths.'

Colin Morrison, the director of the centrist Center for New's Jerusalem, said the President needed to ship com-pering their time to appeal to voters rich of the minor-gun.

'It seems to me a lot of energy in on the left, but the big energy we are seeing

from the base of the Democratic Party is just a rejection of the establishment and a rejection of incumbents,' Mr. Morrison said.

He pointed to some upcoming races as key ones where it was younger men on left candidates doing the challenging of older incumbents, including the fall of Representative Seth Minshew, a moderator, to answer Senator Ed Markey in Massachusetts, as well as Luke Senator's challenge to Representative John Larraun of Connecticut.

Minshew Mitchell, the national director of the progressive Working Families Party, sharply disagreed.

'They're missing the plot,' Mr. Mitchell, who had been campaigning in Michigan, said in an interview. 'There is a popular emergency taking place in this country.'

Moderators, he said, were misreading the most if they did not believe voters were animated by specific ideas as much as none. 'I can tell you what they're missing,' he said. 'They're missing a point of view.'

With a signature titled V-neck black X-shift, Dr. El-Sayed built his successful campaign with a call and response set of catchpersons that captured the scope of his ambitions: 'Money out of... politics Money in you ... pocket. Medication for ... all.'

Some Democratic strangely hoped he would focus, in particular, on the second of the three in the coming months as petty show that voters are ready to punish President Trump and his party for failing to bring down costs.

Republicans appeared most eager to frame the race around times, linking Dr. El-Sayed to past movements and comments about defending the police of persons. Chris Grandison, a spokesman for the Washington Post, said the super-PAC, perceived that line of attack, calling Dr. El-Sayed 'a dangerous threat to the safety and freedom of every American.'

The contents and traditions of the Stevens-El-Sayed primary are likely to provide a 'real step for progressives who decide to run for president.

Dr. El-Sayed campaigned with Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandra Orozio-Cortez — and has never been held permanently in the closing year.

The Senate primary was not the first time that Michigan opted for a left-wing candidate to a taxpayer control. In 2024, the state delivered an agent win for Mr. Sanders in the presidential primary against Hillary Clinton, who went on to lose Michigan that November to Mr. Frank.

The Michigan Senate race of 2026 was already a must-win for Democrats if they hope to event control of the Senate from Republican this fall. At the same time, for Mr. Schuster, Dr. El-Sayed would add to the costs of Democrat co-operated to him as a leader.

It is also a must-win for progressives, aspiring to prove they can succeed not just in primaries that also it crucial and competitive-general elections.

For now, the party's moderate wing has a rapidly simple lessons after a painful defeat.

'Necessity is the matter of invention,' Mr. Kerr said. 'It's a tough but necessary time.'

Back in the spotlight: Fauci, and the books criticizing him

Fractions Senate hearing gives high-profile authors a chance to plug their work

BY SHIRTY, LAW YTOLDERS

A few hours after Dr. Anthony S. Fauci revealed the Fifth Amendment right to refusing to answer questions from Senate Republicans last month, Health Secretary Robert E. Kennedy. In 1646 to social media to sign a book he published about Dr. Fauci in 2021, declaring it 'the +1 non-fiction hardcover best-seller'.

Later that day, Mr. Kennedy went on television to see the news advertising were a book about Anthony Fauci in 2022: he told the Fox News host Sean Hannity. 'It was the biggest selling book of 2023. It said 1.4 million copies.'

Mr. Kennedy's mini book now came as Republicans accused Dr. Fauci of enclosing himself by ordering staff and colleagues to enter contents with cash awards, including a 51 million prize that government often collects allowed him to keep. But Mr. Kennedy, Senator Rand Paul, the Kennedy Republican who chaired last month's hearing, said even Mr. Kennedy's non-fiction E. Kennedy III book was an oblivious, but the book about Dr. Fauci whom sales may have gotten a blood from the negative public interest, was more have helped generate against him.

Mr. Kennedy's effort did not respond to a request for comment as behalf of the secretary or of the son. Mr. Paul's office did not not respond to a request for comment.

All three books are published by Skyline, the Publishing Journal, the Daily News, and the New York Times. The Kennedy and some of them are active committee and other groups supporting the secretary's agenda. Mr. Paul's book was published in 2021, and the New York Times, which was acquired by Skyline in December of that year, Skyline also recently published a memoir by the answer. (Daryl Hines, Mr. Kennedy's why.)

'The Real Anthony Fauci is the most important book in a generation,' Mr. Lyons said in an interview on Monday, referring to the work of the sales Mr. Kennedy. He said royalties from the book, which paints Dr. Fauci as being in the packet of a corrupt pharmaceutical industry, went to Children's Health Division, the nonprofit organization Mr. Kennedy handed to advance his crusade against environmental toxins and vaccines, and out to Mr. Kennedy himself.

'He wasn't doing it for money. He wasn't doing it for power. He wasn't doing it for fame. So please write that,' Mr. Lyons said.

Either way, he or she felt, Kennedy, his son and Mr. Paul did not cross any legal or ethical lines, but several said that secretary and the senator did cross a threshold for figuring by using their platforms to sell books about Dr. Fauci while crossing the content of profiling from his own public service.

'It's pretty rich,' said Donald Sherman, an expert in government ethics at Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, a watchdog group.

Kathleen Clark, an expert in government ethics and law professor at Washington University in St. Louis, said that the book promotion 'may not be a legal conflict, but it is a conflict, and it may help explain their social motivations, the likened the hearings have benefit to a 'publicity event for Skyline's Publishing.'

The hearing led to a spike in sales for Mr. Kennedy's book, according to the McGill Report, a newsletter published by McGill Action, an advocacy group headed by Mr. Lyons. The book is selling for $22.50 on the group's million views.

Mr. Paul must adhere to Senate ethics rules, which but most outside guarantee that prompt book royalties and advances. His 2023 book 'Descriptive: The Great Great Cover-Up' accuses Dr. Fauci of funding research to China that led to the coronavirus pandemic, and bring about it to Congress — accusations that Dr. Fauci denies. Mr. Prachan twice

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, left, an expert on infectious diseases who led the U.S. response to the Covid-19 pandemic, at his Senate hearing last week. The hearing led to a spike in sales for a book about Dr. Fauci by Robert E. Kennedy Jr., right, the current health secretary.

referred Dr. Fauci to the Justice Department for prosecution, and three obligations were a central focus of last month's hearing.

Mr. Paul reported a total of $175,000 in royalties from Regency Publishing: $255,000 in 2021 and $90,000 in 2024.

On Thursday, the panel Mr. Paul chairs, the Senate Homeland Security Committee, voted along party lines to hold Dr. Fauci in contempt of Congress for his refusal to answer questions during the hearing, who had the way for the committee to ask the Justice Department to prosecute Dr. Fauci.

Mr. Kennedy used his personal X account, which has nearly 4 million folios-

ers, and not his official government account, to promote his Fauci book, his cabinet secretary, Mr. Kennedy have more restrictions than the request. He said, 'I think the ethics filing is submitted to win Senate confirmations.'

Mr. Kennedy previously had a co-closing agreement with Skyline for Publishing that pledged in the filing to terminate it to a separate financial chasteurs, he reported that the company had paid him $552,000 to consulting him for future eliminations, book ideas and foreword to other authors' works & items'.

His ethics filing said the publisher paid him royalties for 'several books,'

without naming them. His financial obituary showed that he had received a $1,000 advance for his 2023 book 'Vascularism: An The Science Spock,' and that Mr. Paul had received a $600,000 advance for her memoir.

In addition, Mr. Kennedy disclosed that he was entitled to an advance of $1 million to $5 million for two upcoming books 'Caucasian Science' and 'A De-broor of Israel,' and up to $15,000 for another ten books published book. 'America's First Back to World Leadership.'

'During my appointment,' Mr. Kennedy presented, 'I will not engage in any writing, editing or promotional activities associated with these books and will

not provide any other services under the publishing agreement.'

Of the three authors, Mr. Kennedy's son has the greatest amount of freedom. As a private citizen, he may publish what he pleases. He heads, 'The Continuum of Anthony Fauci,' tells itself as a 'Striatal memoir' It is published at most in a diary format, with Dr. Fauci stating directly to the reader.

In his X message to his followers, Mr. Kennedy called his own Fauci publisher. 'He must re-train the book of the decade,' complaining that bookcovers and libraries refused to carry it, and today newspapers declined to review it.

He singled out 'The New York Times, converting the the paper last month to publish a just advertisement for 'The Real Anthony Fauci' and faxed the book as No. 7 on its best-seller list, 'even though it outsold any other book by thousands of copies.'

A spokesman for The Times said that the paper published an advertisement for the book on Page 5 of its Dec. 19, 2023, Book Review section.

Mr. Kennedy's book made The Times's weekly best-seller list for hardcover auditions 10 times since it was published in 2023. In England (this on the hardcover auditions list was No. 1, it shows that the book is an excellent print and a book usefulness list.

Dr. Fauci's 2024 memoir, 'On Call: A check for the book of the public Service' spent seven weeks on The Times's best-seller list that pays, twice making No. 1 in both hardcover auditions and is combined print and e-book usefulness.

In a 2024 book, a 2024 newsweek computer, which Mr. Paul released published, Dr. Fauci wrote that he had more taking his 2024 book than it was in a lawyer, Don Walker, before its publication, saying it would substantially be 'a very scandalous book.' Mr. Walker, he said, 'was adamant that should do nothing about the issue. Highly seriously has absolutely no credibility.'

That was five years ago, long before anyone envisioned Mr. Kennedy would become health secretary.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026 | 7

Business

Mohegan tribe lost a billion-dollar gamble

INCHEON, SOUTH KOREA

Casino in South Korea fell short of targets and was seized by an investor

BY JOHN YOON

The Mohegan Native American tribe spent $3.6 billion and almost a decade building a gambling venue once found with three five-star hotels, a 13,000-seat arena and a water park to lyrish that Netflix chose to film a bit dating show there.

The Inspire Entertainment Resort was Mohegan's first casino project outside North America, one designed to tap into a lucrative market of Chinese gate-blow, who spent $20 billion on games in 2020 in Macau. While that Chinese territory dominates the global gambling market, Inspire was set to become one of the largest high-end confiditiousness of its kind in Asia. But going all on to a casino resort in the region proved to be a risky bet for the tribe.

Less than a year after Inspire's 2025 grand opening, a missed performance target caused Mohegan to lose control of the project. Now another investor, the private-supply giant Batsi Capital, rather than the tribe, holds the voice.

A CAMBLA FROM THE START

Mohegan operates some of the biggest casinos in the United States: Mohegan Sun, its flagship property on the title's reservation in Connecticut, is a widely recognized casino with billboards across the Northeast and a major event venue that has hosted performances by Duffy Farren, Taylor Swift and Jay-Z. The casino made the tribe $200 million last year.

Giving global expansion, Mohegan considered several proposals, including results in Greece and Japan. It settled on South Korea, where it obtained a 5-crore in 2016 in build a casino.

In South Korea, citizens cannot legally gamble anywhere except at one government-occupied casino resort. That means that all of Inspire's casino customers would have to be foreign.

But Mohegan executives saw an untapped Asian market for a casino near Incheon International Airport, one of the world's busiest travel hubs with frequent, short flights to Beijing, Shanghai and Tokyo. Of particular interest were the millions of Chinese travelers who were visiting South Korea each year when such an Empire began.

South Korean officials said over the years that they hoped to develop an alternative market destination in Macau, the Chinese territory widely known as the world's gambling capital. Macau recorded a decline in casino revenues in the 2020s as it was marked by a government crackdown on corruption.

Inspire had the potential to be 'trans-International' by Mohegan, company co-archives told 29Morgan investors in 2016. Mohegan declined to respond to repeated regulations, giving details about Inspire.

Mohegan said that it had ultimately committed more than $1 billion to the

Clockwise from above: an entrance to the casino at the Inspire Entertainment Resort in Incheon, South Korea, in January; a family-friendly entertainment area with arcade games; and the cabinet killing. Mohegan became the first Native American tribe to own and operate a casino in Asia, but it lost control of the project within the first year of operations.

project, including $300 million in cash. Batsi Capital also saw a good investment in 2021, a Batsi subsidiary and other financial institutions signed a $275 million loan agreement to help Mohegan finance Inspire, according to a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

'It was certainly a risky move on behalf of Mohegan,' said Andrew Tinkesham, a gambling industry consultant in

London. 'If you're not getting local people getting to play, you are dependent totally on foreigners staying in your hotel or hotels nearby.'

For all its activities, a project as large as Inspire needed many things to go right. Construction did not begin until 1969, while rising building costs and revenues. Then international tourism plummeted when the Covid pandemic hit. There were labor shortages, too.

The opening, initially set for 2022, was postponed. 'It was just a string of bad luck,' said Steve Galkoney, a consultant who worked on Inspire after its opening. 'The proposed returns were never a grand slate.'

There was a soft launch in November, 2023, when Mohegan opened Inspire's hotel rooms, convention center, restaurants and arena. But the casino, a main, moneymaker, did not open until February

any 2024. 'They misjudged how quickly they could get the up and running and underestimated the challenges of going international at that scale,' said Robert Heller, a gambling consultant in New York State.

WHEN MONOLAN FELL SHORT

Mohegan became the first Native American tribe to own and operate a casino in Asia.

But after the resort opened, Mohegan repeatedly reported low casino profits and high operational costs at Inspire. The resort last about $500 million in its first year of operations, according to an audit submitted to the South Korean government.

On Feb. 13, 2023, Mohegan delivered a quarterly earnings report. Although it had never missed a payment on in-house, the results fell short of earnings targets.

On the same day, Batsi called in its loan two years only to mail the shortfall had breached outstanding revenues, according to two people familiar with the matter who spoke on the condition of an everyday business confidential matter. About a year after Inspire's grand opening, Batsi seized control of the resort.

Batsi describes itself as a 'long-term partner' for Inspire and has stressed its commitment to the person's life. She has call was a check to Mohegan, which said in its 2023 annual report that it had no intention of abandoning Inspire. Analysts noted that a project of that scale could not be expected to turn a profit or soon after opening.

'They misjudged how quickly they could get the up and running and underestimated the challenges of going international.'

'I don't think Inspire performed more poorly than other resorts across the globe,' said Batsi. 'Perfectly, a gambling-joiner's transaction.'

After the takeover by Batsi, things slowly turned around. Under new management, Inspire lost its share, and expected that gambling revenues rose 150 percent while visitor numbers increased by 30 percent. The resort reported a pricey profit for the first time last year, by the six months ending up October last year.

Suki Yang, an Inspire spokeswoman, said that the resort had installed its business and projected continued growth without making major changes to its strategy or budget cuts. She said what the resort needed was time.

'For a project of this magnitude, it takes a few years to stabilize operations and start to see results,' she said.

The company that envisioned the glory complex is no longer around to enjoy the results.

Publicly, Mohegan is projecting confidence about its business strategy. It told investors in December that, even after losing control of the South Korean resort, it was healthier than ever, pointing to the success of its North American operations.

And there are signs that Mohegan is not completely out of the picture when it comes to the Inspire resort.

Mohegan and Batsi have maintained a professional relationship and have engaged in some informal conversations, according to the two people familiar with the matter.

For now, Inspire's prestige is growing. It recently served as the board new 'part-other' destination to successful matches in the 2016 season of 'Singh's title too,' visit South Korean during show on Netflix.

Sell the company for millions? He's giving it away instead.

After death of his sole heir, boat maker's owner pledges all future profits to charity

BY DAVID GELLES

Back in 1960, Eddie Smith Jr. bought a fledgling boat maker based in Greenville, N.C. It was a truly name. The company, Grady-White Boats, was in trouble.

But Mr. Smith turned it around, and now the maker of high-end recreational fishing boats designed for control waters pulls in hundreds of millions of dollars in annual revenue. Along the way, Mr. Smith kept full control of the company, never taking an outside inventory or selling stock to the public.

Now, Mr. Smith, who is 92, has made one last big move. He announced a personal $400 million apathy and pledged all of Grady-White's future profits to charity.

'God has really blessed me to give me in a position to give away the vast majority of my net worth,' he said in an interview. 'I don't need a 200-foot yacht or to spend the winters in the Mediterranean. I'm really happy here in eastern North Carolina.'

As a time when billionaires are disposing the Giving Pledge and artificial intelligence start-ups are making thousands of new billionaires, Mr. Smith's forfeiture of wealth stands out as an act of principled rebellion.

The company is beginning by Yvon Chouinard, the founder of Patagonia, who gave away his own board on an a-many-pitch organization to distribute the outdoor apparel company's profits in 2016.

In recent weeks, he transferred Grady-White's voting stock, which is a small percentage of the company's overall shares, to a single entity known as a

purpose trust. The trust will hold these shares to propensity, meaning that Grady-White remains independent and can never be sold — and continues to operate in accordance with Mr. Smith's values, including profit-sharing.

The remainder of the company's shares, which do not have voting rights, are being transferred to a newly created 2016/2017 nonprofit organization. The trust and the nonprofit will be run by independent boards that do not include Mr. Smith. He will also issue chief executive emeritus and take an initiative.

Grady-White will distribute into 9 millions in annual profits not interested in the company to the nonprofit organization, which will give the money away to causes including conservation, health care and education.

Most successful companies take on investors, are acquired or sell shares through an initial public offering. The number of companies that have transferred their ownership to purpose trusts is minuscule — just 61. But that number has grown from seven to 2050, according to Purpose Owned, a consultancy that helped Grady-White structure the transaction, with 15 announced this year.

'For decades we have taught founders they have only two options: Sell out, or let investors slowly take the wheel,' said Eric Kim, an entrepreneur and author who makes alternate forms of corporate governance. 'These transactions show a third way is possible: an enduring company built around a long-term mission.'

NOZZISHERS

Mr. Smith lives on a 3,200-acre (1,600-berden) property that was previously a plantation belonging to a Coahistoric general. He manages the land for wild life, including built a region, when called deer, black bears, turkeys and owls. He also owns a nearby 1,000-acre nature

procerer. His family foundation has more than $100 million in assets and has made major gifts to medical companies and the University of North Carolina.

He is also a regular donor to Republican candidates and conservator-politician action committees, but politics is not his passion, and he said he did not want Grady-White's profits to flow to political causes.

When Mr. Smith was a boy to conceal

North Carolina, the family was poor, sometimes eating lipers there inside a day. His father struggled to get by as a cabalovee, but then started a mail-order, women's bounty business. The company flourished.

Mr. Smith began working with his father when he was 30. And even though he was the first in his family to purchase from college, he expected to keep working with his dad.

'They would have these career days, and you would go interview with these highsaver General Electric,' he said. 'I never did that, because I knew I was going to sell ladies' pantylisas by mail order for the rest of my life.'

That plan changed, however, when Mr. Smith, then Dr. and then White, a co-founder of Grady-White. The company was making wealth trusts inเพื่อ Bogus' tobacco warehouse, and losing money Mr. White was preparing to shut the company down, but Mr. Smith of fresh and uncanny.

'I just had a burning desire — probably unhealthy stuffs — to prove to myself, not to anybody else, that I could do something on my own,' he said.

His father lost him some money, and he took over Grady-White.

For several years, Mr. Smith said, he worked 100-hour weeks as he tried to save the company. By the mid-1970s, sales were growing. The company has been profitable for 10 years.

Until 2015, Mr. Smith expected his son, Chris, to only 30M, to inherit the license. But Chris died five years ago from anesthesiology, typical scientists, the paralyzing neurological disease also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. He was on with a 57 years, Jo Allison, had died a year earlier.

'It was God's plan,' he said. 'Sometimes we don't understand it. I'm looking forward to getting to become and solutions to the question.'

'THIS COMPANY HAS A MOC'

After the death of his wife and son, Mr. Smith was forced to reconsider his succession planning.

He first hired an investment banker to explore a site of the company. Offers some to, including several for around $400 million. But Mr. Smith didn't believe that any of the potential buyers would retain the company's culture.

Grady-White offers its 250 employees

exclusive benefits, which include generous retirement plan funding, a profit-sharing plan, financial history programs, on-site health care and a company display. Preserving these perks was a large resource Mr. Smith included to give the company a a purpose trust.

'I had no confidence that a new owner would keep that kind of culture going,' Mr. Smith said. 'This company has a new, and I don't want to lose them.'

After learning about Patagonia, Mr. Smith hired Natalie Bertham-White, the founder of Purpose Owned, to help him set up a purpose trust.

Some critics revealed Mr. Chouinard's move as an integral tax dodge. Because he did not sell the company and his children did not attend it, Mr. Chouinard avoided paying what could have been a billion-dollar tax bill to the internal Revenue Service.

But his structure used by Patagonia—and now Grady-White—guaranteed no profits for the U.S. to tax. Neither Mr. Chouinard nor his children gained any benefit by donating the money.

Mr. Smith is also thinking his claim to be a profit-sharing fund and his company, or any tax benefit from the donation of his stock, and expects to pay a multi-million-dollar tax bill to theธุรกิจ trust.

'I'm not getting any kind of benefit, tax or otherwise,' he said. 'And I'm giving away a vast majority of my net worth.'

Mr. Bertham-White said the donation of Grady-White was the largest such transaction since Patagonia. Some one per cent of the total amount of selling the six and 18.5 a, operate with similar resources that fund charitable giving.

'This is an alternative for people who really can profit the contracts of the company, and have explored other options and most contributing for,' she said. 'It solves this problem of 7 or more my whole life building this company — what do I do with it?'

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8 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

BUSINESS

Rama Terhospede, a young woman who was born at Many Creeps, was born in the Valley A bar on the island of the Yuba, and was built by Huawei, the Chinese took gaan.

Chinese Aces, Praying in Africa

AFRICA, FROM 2023 |

Chinese "open-source" models account for roughly half of total A. Last year, OpenShaws, a service with 400 A.I. models for open-to-closed-lines, up from less than 47 minutes a year ago, according to a New York Times analysis of data from eight million customers. Chinese models are also fit of the 25 most down-handed open-source systems on flagging Face, another A.I. model.

In more than two dozen interviews across Kenya, Uganda and other countries, developers, policymakers and a top-scalvess described a rapidly changing A.I. market where one, competing or swarms, data control and customization mattered more than where a model was developed. Many were not making the blending edge A.I. They last wanted something that worked well enough on limited resources.

Using Chinese models was like owning a house while using U.S. models was like rooting one. they added Rather than spending millions to train a model from scratch, developers can download a Chinese system and build an entirely new product on top of a paying model for servers. In contrast, U.S. models are a one-size-fits-all technology, reading subscriptions and other fees.

"Why use an expensive Ferrari to do the school run where a Toyota hand-bank can do the same?" said Moses Kenshtein, who was a digital marketing agency, Dekaerty, in Nairobi. Chinese models can be up to 90 percent less on-pension when building costs like competing infrastructure, he added.

Chinese officials hope they gain in Africa are a preview of things to come. Last month, powerful new Chinese A.I. systems called Wall Street and Silicon Valley, leading from to Washington that U.S. tech dominates could be undercut.

In Staging, China's home is using A.I. as a form of soft power. In a conference in Shanghai last month, he saw Chinese models as more reliable and cheaper and wanted that A.I.'s benefits must be shared or they would create "new historical depolates." Kenya, Ethiopia, South Africa and seven other African countries signed an A.I. past with China at the event.

Chinese lives as are also offering African developers free computing and engineering help, developers said. Many Chinese made the difference in Africa have Chinese A.I. tools and installed.

In the same time, China's A.I. industry faces challenges. Companies have struggled to make money and face security questions about data and links to Beijing. Many African developers still pay for American A.I. models, especially for technical costs like coding.

For African experience shows the global A.I. competition is now a two-horse run.

Kamal Budhathath, the chief executive of Craft Silicon, a Nairobi banking software company, feels the plot of both sides. He recently retired his firm's tech systems with Cite, the Code, Australia's program经理 and A. Kopensei team finished in half the time a project that was soon off expenses. The bill is a high, he said, but the speed was worth it. Huawei, the Chinese tech guide, also came a道道 with "some very unbelievable incentives" to switch to Chinese A.I. and to start a blending cycle while competing and a trip to the company's headquarters.

"It's very hard to say so," Mr. Budhathath said.

THE CHINA MODEL

About 30 miles (30 kilometers) south-east of Kenya, now on Kenya's biggest outbelievance with Chinese technology are half-fastened on the services.

Kendu Terhospede, a planned city, was announced 10 years ago as Kenya's

Clockwise from top: business ready to be digitized at Chandaris, one of Kenya's largest makers of household goods. France: Westbank, the developer behind the Ugandan non-profit organization hundred (4) and a cloud server at a data center in Nairobi, Kenya.

answer to Silicon Valley. Especially branded the Silicon formands, it is now a grid of empty books-sorts and internal buildings, watched over by a powerful Chinese surveillance system.

It would look like a hidden connection, but for one data gray building behind an electric home. Financial, by Chinese loans and built by Huawei, the site is a data center that runs computing for Kenya's government.

For two decades, Chinese firms have wired African's telecommunications networks and used its roads. M.Pres. Kenya's celebrated mobile-money system, runs on Huawei technology.

"Why use an expensive Ferrari to do the school run when a Toyota hand-bank can do the same?"

These tech live gave China a foothold in the continent, which it is using to sell A.I. free goods of all kinds of disease and use technology from the Chinese A.I. firm. Deepbank is a mutual connection.

Limited to 10,000 employees, because of U.S. export controls, Chinese companies could use accepted Silicon Valley, far less gave the A.I. models away as open source, hoping to pull people from U.S. rivals.

At first, it seemed a losing fast. The United States dominated open-source A.I. firms offered a model called Llama that developers used worldwide. But after some examples, Mark Zuckerberg, Merck chief executive, turned more to closed models.

"It left a huge loss," said Lucas Adams, co-founder of Arron A.I., an American start-up that builds open models. "It at lowest the Chinese to explode into the vaccines."

Breakthrough came quickly in December 2024, a Deepbank A.I. model standardized the best models as a function of

the cost. Last month, the Chinese A.I. lab Minsubai A.I released a model with coding abilities approaching the leading American systems.

In Kenya, developers embraced Chinese models.

Michael Michie builds A.I. systems for Kenyan banks and government agencies at EverestTech. His customers are price-sensitive, so he makes almost everything on Chinese open-source models. Businesses want the cheapest way to use the technology, not the most advanced, he said.

"I don't think people should worry on much about who built it," he said. "The focus should be, does it deliver the capability you need?"

Many developers said Chinese companies treated them like a priority, while U.S. firms were hardly present.

Absent Azas, a former principal advisor at Amazon Web Services who lives in Nairobi, said joining a developer—program from Anthropic required a lengthy screening. Alibaba's task remains.

"With the Chinese, it was like: they are you able to do this? Are you located here? All right, think, go have lots," he said.

The New York Times has used Open-AI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement of news content related to A.I. systems. The two companies have denied those claims.

WORLD OF CALL

In a Norfolk high-rise in June, a top-Readers civil service for technology used for was acquired when Anthropic pulled access to Faldo, its powerful model, at the Trump administration's hospital.

It was a "wake-up call" to the world, said John Tams, the principal secretary of Kenya's Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy. The abrupt move was a warning that relying on U.S. models could pose risks, he said.

A former Huawei employee who could test the Kendu Terhospede project, Mr. Tamsi said China and the United States had pressed Kenya to pick a sale. He started to take their look.

"We don't lean on West or East," he said.

Being in the middle is tricky. Developers are building systems controlled elsewhere, while it means the technology can be pushed, altered or re-priced without warning. Some worry about dependents on the United States. Others do not trust China.

Mr. Budhathath of Craft Silicon said he was considering Huawei's offer of generous subsidies, but was also curious. Many of his customers are international banks that could demand their software not use Chinese hardware.

Chinese models, too, have not always been reliable. Shikoh Glass, the founder of the Nairobi start-up Qhulu, recalled when Deepbank went back to China before the country's college entrance exams in 2024. It was to deter cheating, but it also disrupted African businesses like hers. Now American models could vanish because of a White House decision.

"At least with China's models, I can download it on my computer and run it," she said.

Others have been burned by A.I. policies. Mr. Mwebana's Ugandan shallow services, hardbound, ran into trouble when a researcher at China Media Project, an independent media research group, asked it about China, hardbound described China as a democracy and submerged questions about the country's economic and environmental impacts in Uganda.

Chinese state media praised Sunflower, and Huawei contacted Mr. Mwebana about using its cloud services.

Mr. Mwebana, whose nonprofit organization, hundred A.I., is dedicated to A.I., for social good, was unnoted by the experience. He is now using Google's open-source model, Gartner, to create a product aimed at smartphone users.

"We need to make sure we're not on the wrong side of geopolitics," he said.

AMERICA: OTHER'S BACK

For all of China's momentum, much of the A.I. money in Kenya will flow to U.S. companies.

The U.S. advantage was clear in a concern leading a Nairobi's industrialist. The U.S. has found many of paper production orders lined dark offices for Chandaris Industries, one of Kenya's largest makers of linear goods.

For decades, orders arrived from supermarkets by email or an paper, and clerks keyed them in line by line. An order could take hours to process.

Chandaris hired family, a Kenyan start-up that uses A.I. to stimulate business in processes. Faiths now Open-AI's models for provision and reliability.

Family's digital system based on these U.S. models has transformed Chandaris. "Where an order took about two hours to process, that was taken less than 10 minutes," said New Chandaria, who helps run the family first.

But Family is being courted too. He LinkedIn this year, a Singaporean employee at the Chinese interest firm firm Duane offered family's founders access to its A.I. model.

Employers model was not accurate enough, but the courtship made an impression, said Bernard Mennant, Nyugoka, the founder of family, looking like it comes from the American labs.

And Chinese models keep continuing Mr. Nyugoka said.

"If you look at how fast they're catching up with the American models, it's really, really fast," he said.

Edwin Olochi contributed reporting from Nairobi, Kenya.

Binance policy shift frustrating the police

Largest crypto exchange has altered its approach to aiding law enforcement

BY MICHAEL FORSTINE 2023 DAVID YUEN FALL LAVY

Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, has quickly changed how it continues with law enforcement in many countries, frustrating investigators who top the company has made it harder to find scammers and combat money handwiring.

The new policy is a big shift for Binance. The company had tried to clean up its set after years of legal problems, working directly with investigators to foster suspicious accounts and share information about customers making fully transactions.

But in April that year, Binance enacted a policy requiring law enforcement officials to route certain requests to foreign government agencies, a time-consuming process governed by international treaties. That end, along with animation of a group of senior compliance employees, has erynical name investigations in Europe and raised concerns in the United States, The New York Times found.

Binance moves billions of dollars in digital costs every day, leading a booming global industry that has been emphatically the Trump administration. Last year, President Trump raised federal-excision on cryptocurrencies in the same time that his family's crypto start-up largest a business relationship with Binance.

The company said that it had not allowed to cooperate with law enforcement, and that the change was meant to ensure that Binance followed regulations and privacy laws when handling customers' personal data. There is no obligation that the change was related to the Trump administration's suing of regulations.

But investigators said the policy had created new obstacles for fighting financial crime.

The first efforts from five European countries who attended a law enforcement conference in the Netherlands in January and they had struggled to get information from Binance, except in cases involving a file of data about materials, terrorists or an imminent threat to life. A senior European law enforcement official said that most of the information that channeled to the government of the United Arab Emirates, where Binance is regulated, dramatically slowing response times.

In the United States, law enforcement is largely exempt from the requirement to submit requests to foreign governments, said three people with knowledge of the policy. But in some cases, Binance asks state prosecutors to state their requests through other countries, which has hindered at least two records of the state's law. The policy people familiar with the cases as well as messages received by The Times.

Ablea Katz, an assistant district attorney in New York, said The Times that she generally had heard Binance is be responsive, sometimes providing information within hours. But she said she had been unable to obtain accurate records from some Binance users based to the United Arab Emirates.

In fact-suspecting cases, when criminals move funds between accounts in彷徨, it is even invisible, speed is of the essence to recover stolen funds, she said. "How fast you get your records information the outcome of your case," she said. "It's everything."

"For the sake of victims of crypts theft, it is important to have the timely and forthcoming cooperation from these insurers, and highly profitable, cryptocurrency corporations," Aron Boag, the Manhattan district attorney, said in a statement.

Binance offers a gateway for ordinary people to buy cryptocurrencies. It has also struggled to rest out crime. The company paid U.S. billions in penalties to the U.S. government after pleading guilty in 2023 to compliance violations and allowed the police, defenders and other criminals to move money. The company's billionaire handles, Changpeng Zhao, spent four months in federal prison.

Under its plan that with the Justice Department, Binance agreed to take

steps to prevent financial crime. While most crypto transactions are recorded on a public ledger, funds that enter an exchange such as Binance are impossible to trust, unless the company turns over information about an account.

Even before the deal was finished, Binance began cooperating exclusively with law enforcement, including turning over the identities of account holders, according to officials in Europe and the United States. The company built a staff of hundreds of compliance officers, many of them veterans of U.S. and European law enforcement agencies. The police could drive get information about accounts for many from Binance than they could from banks.

Since Mr. Trump was inaugurated early last year, his administration has taken a much broader approach to the crypto industry than its predecessor did. Binance has forged business ties with World Liberty Financial, the crypto company founded by the president and his own. The Eurasian venture firm MCA used a World Liberty cryptocurrency to buy a stake in Binance, a major boost to the Trump start-up.

Ablea is named in April last year, Todd Blanche, now the acting attorney general, and the administration would stop targeting exchanges such as Binance and focus on prosecuting criminals who abused the platforms. Mr. Trump also purchased Mr. Zhao.

Last last year, Binance fired at one-pounded events of its top compliance employees. The officials had sounded alarms about $1.7 billion that they said had flowed from Binance accounts to Truman entities. Binance has disposed the employees of things and said that they were not disciplined for raising compliance concerns. Several other senior compliance officials felt around the same time.

That shake-up meant some investigators and prosecutors lost their main points of contact at Binance, according to people familiar with the matter. And

When criminals move funds between accounts in minutes or even seconds, speed is of the essence to recover stolen funds.

the exit of so many senior members of the compliance staff had the confusion within the company about how to deal with law enforcement requests.

The rules that Binance introduced in April last year are complex and so far have had more service consequences for investigators in Europe.

There, Binance now offers requires law enforcement officials who must do formations about accounts outside their home countries — a German prosecutor seeking to freeze the account of some one in Asia, for example — to follow procedures last out in mutual legal assistance treaties, agreements that govern how countries share information in law enforcement investigations. (The same agreements apply to banks.)

Nash Perlman, the chief compliance officer for Binance, said that "in some cross-border cases, foreign law enforcement may be directed to the appropriate formal legal process."

Still, he said, the company had increased its cooperation with law enforcement "while navigating the increasing complexity of governments as they seek to regulate crypto and data protection." When law enforcement agencies seek information about accounts in their own countries, Binance works with these directly. The company has gone "for beyond" its legal obligation. Mr. Perlman said, and remains committed to fulfilling the requirements of its settlement with the United States.

But concerns have persisted. In December last year, Binance gained a license to operate its Abu Dhabi, one of the emirates. Since then, certain information requests flow through the Eurasian government, raising concerns among private and non-farmers and officials. They argue that the Eurasian have a conflict of interest, because the investment firm MCA is funded by Abu Dhabi results.

Mr. Perlman said there was no conflict of interest. A spokeswoman for Binance's regulator in Abu Dhabi said it was committed to protecting market in highly and countering financial crime. MCA did not respond to a request for comment.

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, spent four months in prison after the company pleaded guilty to compliance violations, the was later pardoned by President Trump.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026 | 9

Opinion

The Fauci hearing shows how little the world has learned about Covid

We can't learn critical lessons from the pandemic if everyone is obsessed with blame.

David Wallace-Welts

Placing the fifth was cowardly. It was also consistent.

When Anthony Fauci categorically criticised in answer any questions at a time, he was not hearing recently. He inadvertently showcased a throwback sense of irreverable pandemic parts sanding. On one side were Republican ideologies holding news with governors another from 2020 and 2025. On the other side, Democrats nominally contributed to the principle of defending science against partisan attacks but unsure exactly what that meant beyond its service — so what lessons they were supposed to have learned from the Covid-19 emergency. Both sides seemed frozen in time, looking backward rather than forward. And in the middle there was a more embodiment of the scientific establishment, refusing to engage in the partisan debate in the hope of staying above the fury. Or at least out of jail con Thursdays, the U.S. Senate voted to hold Fauci in contempt of courts.

It's been more than three years since Fauci retired from his position at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which he can for nearly 40 years, and even longer since he was effectively committed as a saint of American science by huge numbers of Americans hướng for leadership in a time of pandemic panic and desperation.

In a healthier country, there probably would never have been a St. Anthony. We certainly wouldn't be burning him in rifling now, something underlying remarkable and delivering a forbidding message to would-be future leaders about the political anddangers that have hingeved us long after the emergency itself passed that they are beginning to were remarkable.

THE UNITED STATES WAS NOT THE ONLY DRAWER to wrestle with Covid, to improvise a dramatic policy response that operated the lives of its citizens or to watch an even burdensome restrictions failed to prevent a mass mortality event, only lightening it. But for years Fauci has been bullied and harassed and intimidated and, above all, stifled and misrepresented by bad faith critics mounting contradictory attacks that allowed them to pin responsibility on one man for everything they might not have liked about the experience of living through a brutal pandemic. Yet that is exactly why Fauci should have talked last two weeks ago: to answer these critics, defend his approach and those of his colleagues, and explain what it wants he'd learned and might like the rest of us to learn. Evidently, he felt too banal in to try, even with Joe Robert's Master}pistolo in hand.

It was not a preposterous feeling. Six years ago, when Americans up to and including President Trump were first entertaining the possibility of a laboratory origin for Covid, the meaning of that hypothesis was clear: The virus wounding havoc on all of our lives was the kind of China. But almost no man as Trump left office in 2015, the political meaning seemed exchange. Ever since, the lab leak theory has meant for many of its proponents that the disease was Fauci's fault.

There is none logic to this: If you believe that the pandemic was the result of a lab leak, it's not crazy to suspect that American support for cigarette manufacturers such around the world may have played some role in bringing it about. How much responsibility remains on open question, because the subject of pandemic origins itself remains in the air well. This is another reason that Fauci should have come prepared to explain and defend himself lab work, as he told me he would several years ago if presented with the chance to expound at length and with nuance about the value of this kind of research.

There is also a generally convenient to make Fauci the sole villain in the lab leak monthly (ab, because so many of his hearts have already taken to blame by him for everything else about the pandemic) because they contradictorily their complaints.

We can't have an inszeniorist, his instance, and at the same time think that Fauci was indifferent to ongoing Americans doubts during the period when pandemic restrictions were constant. We can't charge him with a million murders while doubting the mortality statistics or insuring that Covid was actually a 'sustenance'. It's deadly and a didn't matter and without that, but it was fine,' as 'The Daily Show' joked.) You also can't pin the whole thing on Democratic safety—and that's not the president through the most restrictive phase and generally criticised governors who wanted to reopen the soon. And you can't really look liberal byzents as, since almost every name of the most vocal early advocates of aggressive

mitigation were figures like the liberarian crypto entrepreneur Balaji Irian vaxan and the reactionary neo-monarchist Curtis Yarvin. The National Review was slamming the case against lockdowns as 'shroud'. The Rev Carlson was reportedly lobbying the president to take the virus more seriously.

Such then, support for aggressive mitigation measures was pretty close to universal. In May 2020, one survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that at least 80 percent of the country was on board

once might evolve over many months or years of ongoing exposure, illness and death. We didn't know how many people would come to blame their pandemic anxiety on public health officials, essential that they were over made to feel so much fear. And even so, six years on, we seem to overestimate that backlash and that overestimate their life course of the pandemic, even in scientists fell by about 10 years, even the course of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s reign at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, trust in

to promote uptake. I thought the impulse to even try to impose vaccine mandates was problematic when it was clear that the person getting the shot was the main beneficiary. All along, I thought many scientists were too dismissive about the question of pandemic origins. In fact, I commissioned and edited the first major national magazine story that took the question seriously; when I interviewed Fauci years later, I asked him how, exactly, given the open possibility that the pandemic emerged from the kind

were violated by requirements to wear masks and plenty of others think the country's leadership failed to do enough to stop the spread of the disease?

This is what it would mean to actually learn from the experience, rather than treating the pandemic as a simplistic blame game. Instead, we get Senator Bernie Marnes asking Fauci who be thought he was, pinchfating the chemical question with an explosive and a learn-bank-style digest of the contents of Fauci's just-released diary.

The diary did reveal an unseemly

with social distancing, stay-at-home orders and business closures. Even so, by the end of the next month, all states but one ended their stay-at-home orders. And if you think that early reconstatantly was the result of companies like how smuggling, you may be surprised to learn that in 2024, when asked whether they would support any similar measures again if faced with another pandemic, Americans answered in the affirmative by a margin of 81 to 25.

These days, it's common to hear that we should forgive early miscalculations because we know as little about Covid in that period. In many ways, we seem more confused now than we were then. One reason mitigation measures were so popular was because, while we were living in fear, we were not living in all that much mystery!

ABOUT THE VIRUS FINELY we already know quite a lot. We know it was extremely infectious and relatively dangerous, we know about the dramatic age slave of mortality risk and we know seems of us, at least; that it was transmitted not just through droplets but also through the air.

But we didn't know everything. We didn't know how the virus would mature, for instance, or how long immature would last after an infection, and we did not know how effective vaccines might be or exactly how quickly they would come.

Most of all, we didn't know how the world would respond, especially over the long land. We did not yet know much about how the world's risk toler-

the C.D.C. has fallen by more than 25 points.

This is not to say that Fauci made no mistakes, or that there were no problems with the public health response more broadly. I collected plenty of objections, registering many along the way in print.

In retrospect, it is especially striking that Fauci initially downplayed the risk of the virus, suggesting that it was

Six years on, we seem to overestimate the backlash and the recent onset. Over the course of the pandemic, trust in scientists fell by about 10 points. sufficiently low-risk that Americans need not worry about it in February 2020, and implying that they should worry more about the maximal flu. When Fauci did come out as a relative abandon the following month, offering what were none at the time as worst-case scenarios, he predicted

300,000 to 200,000 American deaths — about one-month as many as the country eventually endured.

Like many other people, I found myself frustrated by the reversal of guidance on marking. I thought more emphasis should have been placed on the spectacular age gradient in normal by risk. I thought it was prudent for schools to close in the spring of 2020 but that much more should have been done to reopen them safely that fall. I thought Fauci and others downplayed the risks of breakthrough infection and death even after vaccination, perhaps

of laboratory research he'd played a role in promoting and funding, he was able to sleep at night.

This all sounds like the résumé of a Covid contractor, a lockdown despite, and a Fauci'sians. But I emerged from the pandemic emergency with almost the opposite set of convictions: that the American Covid response, while far from being seen as far from catastrophic; that those who raised the alarm relatively early, like Fauci, were much more correct than those who downplayed the threat; that those still outraged about the length and severity of lockdowns are mostly misremembering guidance, while was largely self-policed and lasted only for a few months; and above all that the collective hardship of the experience was primarily a matter of Covid itself.

AFTER 60 YEARS, I ARE SURED that hardship was far enough behind us that we might wrestle with some less partisan questions in a somewhat less heated environment. Why did we have such a hard time approving and more producing rapid tests early on, and why did we get so heated in an things like plunging aerosol drinkers long after we know they weren't very helpful? Why was that we've raised about schools reopening, and what might have been done to reassure them and make clearings so that it possible to persuade the vaccine hesitant without overfighting the efficacy of the shots in blocking transmission? How should we think about the country's tolerance for pandemic risks, given that a vocal minority of people believe their rights

preoccupation with fame. But it runs more than 1,000 pages and to fall at many dense paragraphs recounting conversations and debates with other scientists and public officials, trying to back out matters of epidemiological dispute and believe public health guidance.

Some of these conversations are of enduring public interest — about early estimates of the fatality rate, for in stance, and school closures. But in almost every case the discussions are less scandalous and more nuanced than Fauci's critics have alleged. The critics said the diary showed Fauci dismissing a natural origin of the disease when it fact it shows that he believed the disease had jumped from animals to the main before arriving at the wet market in Wuhan, China. They said it showed him entertainly the lab leak hypothesis while riding it out in public, when in fact he was typically carried to acknowledge the chance of a lab leak even while downplaying it.

The actual origin of the pandemic remains unknown, six years after the country's first confirmed case. Perhaps it always will be, maddeningly enough, which may be one reason it's so difficult to make any collective and honest an example of it for both reasons living on the question of ultimate responsibility. But maybe if we can stop trying to blame someone for Covid, we can actually learn something from it.

SAVE HOLLAND WELLS is a writer by Agniesz and The Times Magazine and the author of 'The Uninhabitable Earth'.

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10 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

OPINION

The New York Times

LONDON (WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8-9)

A.S. KILBERGER Publisher

ANNEY BAKER Executive Editor MARK LADD Managing Editor JENNIFER BOBBY Managing Editor SUZANNE BAKER Associate Editor

KATHLEEN BISHOPMan Executive Editor

BERNARD HURTIT LIPTON Chief Executive Officer MICHAEL JEREMORE Senior VP and General Manager BELEN HARRISONER Executive 1-2 International Circulation MELINDA PINK Executive VP, Asia Pacific SUZANNE PANDREY International Chief Executive Officer

I'm begging everyone. Please don't write with A.I.

Bret Stephens

This column isn't seemed too argument on it to place. Don't see and think it is not gone to help you write. Never let A.I. do your writing for me.

Don't see it for school papers, work levels, letters to your no-laws, open-then-then or company gatherings or similar characters pertains to you your colleagues or friends. Don't let it organize yourselves. Don't let it suggest you are doing someone, a negative or doing your guide. Don't ask it to write you more than and pretend that editing that shall somehow make it your own. It doesn't.

Do some of these things can because they are unethical. Writing with A.I. is unethical when it's a deception. When you pass off words, ideas and inference have you seen when they aren't. An action is a problem, and a subject address the problem. Do some of these things, either, because you might be able to learn to write before then an A.I. can. Pretty soon, it not already, you won't have to do so. Don't let it or not apply a close app.

It's bad for your brain and some for democracy. The problem with writing with A.I. is that it's mentally submitting – an excuser toward a world where you

doubly build of taking the娃娃. As it becomes ubiquitous, it undertones not only our individual ability to write but allow it more to collective ability to. Naomi, a culture's inner capacity to create and everyone's reason to care. We're already evaluating with the world documented decline of reading. A.I. is accelerating the decline of writing, referring to his/her own what The Atlantic's New Horowitz calls our "positiver-are-ups".

What, uniquely, does writing do? It compels thought. It compels thinking in ways that other contemplation or spoken language might exist. It compels us to realize our thinking in the effort of writing. We are in a sign of grammar, the term of intelligibility and coherence, the inspection of others. In doing so, it also helps us to be clear, logical, accurate – and accountable. People may easily forgive a word and it's anger but not as easily one written is anger, precisely because the fact that it was written tells us that it was considered.

The considered word matters. It has existing power and moral weight. We can the expression: "I want that to writing" not only recovers us containing the exact words that have been agreed upon but also as proof that the words are meaningful to the first place.

We have forgotten that the words aren't considered because they were written by (or with the help of a machine)".

Words become father. Imagine the father. He has little warning of a. I at help him write his daughter's wedding toast. What the A.I. can supply to the person it smells is his father and authorently. Now imagine that the daughter knows that the speech was written by A.I. - What's it's the far right to be disappointed, if not insulted?

Many would argue there's a big differ-

FROM READERS

Where Gen Z Ends meaning in life Be "one I did not all love with work. It's easy to see why" by Eric Norkild (Olympic, systems.com, July 22)

Eric Norkild finds design and opinions in her analysis of Gen Z, but I think she attempts to eliminate time-listen by cutting their's generation in its predecessor's terms.

We, Norkild sees hope in Gen Z members' acceptance of their fear and all other things. "I'm not sure how I'd take a take to spite of tomorrow." And is the BIRGER's salary they want to feel financially? So can she find "dip"ly high expectation?

I see neither enjoyment nor expectation; I see their rude awakening from

inner between using A.I. for something as significant and personal as a wedding speech and the baring and frequently exhausting tasks of writing, say, matter affectiveness. But the intellectual muscle that demonstrates everyday writing is the same one used for the writing that matters. We become better write to the constant effort that mandates writing demands. We become better thinkers by investing into that writing a degree of attention we'll never give it if we relinquish all the truth to A.I. We become more creative when we learn how to put a personal stamp even on routine things, making them unmistakably our own.

These skills are now evaporating, a recent conversation using A.I. detection technology of life does not disenfranchise found that 30 percent of them contained "more than negligible" A.I. generated writing and 10 percent had "more than 30 percent A.I. generated over." A model that comes from college professors have a finger on the after-ending with regard to their efforts to hold back the flood of A.I. generated student papers. It's easy to trust the problem as one of mere thinking. But thinking doesn't capture the real shape of the A.I. (Hunt, which isn't exactly in academic integrity)

or personal betterment but also to democratic self-government.

The link between broad-based literacy and the use of democracy is well known. People who can read and write for themselves have, historically, also been good at choosing and advocating for themselves. What happens when the process goes into reverse? When people lack the patience to attend arguments more than a few pages or sentences may? When they lack the ability to contradict most arguments because they've never heard, through daily practice, the most essential skill for clear thinking?

We've already getting a taste of what this word looks like in President Trump's social media posts and the many they clearly exert over tens of millions of Americans. But that's a reflection of where the country was a decade ago, in the pre-A.I. age. How much further down the road are we now with our event more distasteful capacity to read, write and think?

The next time you're tempted to just adopt an automated response for a text message or an email, don't. Type out a response that's your own. Think of it as an act of free will. Or a vote against Trump. What takes you a few additional seconds is an act of resistance against an ever-dunker world.

the American dream, recognizing that it was never meant for them. I don't think Gen Z. fell out at two with work – they were never really offered a chance to love it.

I find it all that we want them to love whatever I said are shown we learn them, and I don't know how I want it. Let's be wary of imposing our paradigms onto the front of people so different from us, no matter how nostalgically satisfying it is.

We, Norkild concludes: "I wish they understand how the dream itself illuminated the path a few feet ahead of me, until I see it was only ground." Maybe that's what they understand about us, and they're just not interested. THOMAS DINGER, PHOTO

Three popular myths about English

John McWhorter

Three things that people often mention to me, in a English, have me wondering whether to just end publicly or disap-paint them with the truth. In this space, I feel that I should deal only with the truth, so if I may, prepare for some fun-fast disappointment there are three things people share with me with bright eyes.

ENGLISH HAS A LIKE LIST OF FINE IT MAKES THE GROUPS OF ANIMALS. Not just the barings all fused of cows, Beek of birds and goggle of geese. There is also a number of cows, a flambesome of flamingos, a lower of giraffes, a charm of goldflesches, a manglone of kettons, an ammatization of peacocks, a dazzle of zebras and so on.

These collective words always seemed a little suspicious. Almost none of them are actually used. When to the fact litter you found someone talking about a smack of jellyfish?

In fact, many of these words were made up. The collective fun was kicked off back in 1989 to a person's, Ashton, Berners, as an all-in-time cataloging the activities of a gentleman, "The Book of Saint Albans" In the list of animal collections, Berners was clearly having a little fun, as its training up with giving name for humans like a "black of hearts" and a "malady of harpers." There were new editions of the book into the 21st century. The ones about thường are flamingos and annotations peacocks are of later vintage than the original book.

These words are certainly fun, but, ultimately most of them are less words than jokes. Comprehensive dictionaries list neither a peacock-related definition of "annotation" nor one of "blast" referring to biopreperationes. These words are a part of the English language to much the same way that I possess an Extension institution of the book "Rag time" and an ovarha, neither of which I ever touch, though I am vaguely pleased that they are around.

LANGUAGE GETS EASIER WHEN TIME. It's easy to imagine no. We can hear things wearing away because of how quality we talk – "What did you do that for?" because: "I'd be that for?" We see the distinction between "far" and "up" reading and people using "little" to mean "empty." Even if you knew that such things are inevitable as a language changes, it were this decay. Especially if we compare old English – a much busier grammar that was essentially a fluency of German – with the modern language.

But actually, English's story was seasonal as the world's 1,000 languages. Normally, languages do not simplify over time: they turn it. Some things go, but one thing can always coming in. It's like a love today. The little dancer is an simpler or more complicated, it just changes. Old Church Dierens was an ancient Slavic language. It was incredibly easy to understand that the world's world have found a gloriously frustrating. A modern Slavic language is Russian. It is incredibly complicated, and adult learners find it gloriously frustrat-

ing. That's how language changes normally.

If two numbers of adults have a language at some point, it gets easier: what more mismatched because adults aren't great at mastering the heavy-lift hits of a language the way children are. But there are always new things happening under the head, if you say "Let's try it and me" at normal speed, a often

Sorry to be a spoilport, but ... comes out as "I'm trying and me," then it's just "I'm," "let's" is best to the ages, and English has a new prefix: "I's a 'means' 'pins me."

In the end, the reason we know languages don't just simplify over time is common sense. Human language has probably existed for at least 300,000 years and possibly almost a million. If languages had all been getting over easier over all of that time, humans worldwide would just be yelling "ok" pointing or things and gathering frantic calls. Despite occasional appearances like voice, we are doing better than that.

IN THE APPEALACHAMED THEIR ARE PEOPLE STILL SPRAYING ELEGANT THAN ENGLISH. Goodness, wouldn't that be nice? If would mean that in these mountains, we

could visit places where people were speaking the English of Shakespeare's time. But wouldn't that be no YouTube by now?

Yet it makes sense that this idea holds on, as many people learn been broad-casting it since the late 1800s. The idea is that Appalachians were traditionally so isolated that their English stayed the same while everybody else's moved on. "The Southern entertainment are the reason 'more of life,' such as Ed Shefer than English in the New World," the billiards Josiah Czechi supply us in 1914, and "much better than the outside world, and that is by natural means they have for more than two centuries power and much of the language of Elizabethan England."

People like this man doesn't well. They were trying to portray Appalachian English as exotic rather than broken. But language change never stops. Why would people's language freeze to place just because they don't interact much with ourselves? Plus, by the time white people get to the Appalachians in the 1700s, they weren't speaking Elizabethan English anymore.

I take standing why this myth exists (also just a simple change of less. Pre-mulgation of the myth bear ancient past none writes like "help" for "helped" and

"little" for "briched" and think of Appalachian speech in an image because: write like that were a part of Elizabethan English. In mainstream American English, we replaced "help" and "little" with "helped" and "briched" long ago. But here is a language in different places held on to some things and their others, largely for reasons of chance. In Appalachian speech, people can be good "coughs," "laughs" and "knew" and say "cracked," "swepted" and "knowed" "coughs," "laughs" and "knew" are the forms that must look to Elizabethan English and beyond. Here's the best thing – Appalachian legacies have mainstream speakers use "coughs," "laughs" and "knew" could easily decide that these forms are (sound the trumpeter) without ambiguity.

So these are the truths. As in the fact that Berners's is one of the earliest known English texts by a female author. And after the Civil War, some Southerners are likely to find, in one section called Americaans, their descendants today can speak a life-century Southern American English.

Maybe that help is it?

JOHN MCDONRITT S. co-associate professor of linguistics at Columbia University.

The real reason behind Trump's yen intervention

PRASAD, FROM PAGE 1

Some after the time our fresh-out, a changing world, a natural government disclosed discussions of an arrangement for the Estonian residents dollars in exchange for defiance. The Estonian, a close U.S. economic and security partner, has made the actual resources to deal with the conflict's repercussions, but making this discovery public that a strong signal that it was an ally deserving of American support.

Now the Treasury is intervening in foreign exchange markets in one-Atlantic with the Japanese government, another staunch American ally, behalf over the Japanese yen. The period by more than 10 percent relative to the dollar is now year before the short-term date. While the most feared purchases of yen have allowed the currency to recover some ground, success is far from assured.

Japan has good reasons to fear a talking yen. It would increase the price of imports, adding to inflation, and raise the borrowing costs on government debt if it caused foreign investors to shy away from yen-dominated assets. Prime Minister Sume Takashi has ambitious plans to raise government spending to raise up growth, while I could it actually add to the amounts of government debt that is already more than double. Japan's annual gross domestic debt is 9.9p/kg, and that is 6.6p, and debt could to upper 36s. Takashi's plans.

What's in it is the United States? Japan is now the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury on action. If the Bank of Japan were to be an independent security holding to procure dollars for purchasing yen in order to support the yen's value, interest rates on U.S. government bonds would have to rise to a total of 6.6p, 6.6p, or 6.6p. It would raise borrowing costs for the

U.S. government and, in turn, the American businesses and consumers. Additionally, Mr. Trump's 10 to 12 percent tariffs on Japanese imports would fade into ironic value if the yen kept falling, making Japanese imports cheaper.

Japan has a long history of intervening in currency markets, sometimes to prevent the yen's rapid appreciation and sometimes, as is the case now, to limit its depreciation. The U.S. Treasury's involvement is the new wild and

Is there right to overdisland intervention? Currency markets have a tendency to overdisland and overclose or the other when circumstantial change. Smoothing out such volatility is a legitimate reason for intervention. Adding the Treasury's language will surely scare off up a slant of trying to profit off unwarranted volatility in the yen. But such intervention invariably fail to stem the tide when they are not supported by policy changes.

In fact, the yen's depreciation is hardly the result of a surge in volatility. Before the recent intervention, it had lost about a third of its value relative to the dollar since 2020. Japan is a rich country but has an aging population and a huge level of government debt. It has experienced several growth in recent years, and rising of an occasional increase inflation, making the yen worthless. There is how to deal on them with a talking yen would make things worse by raising the price of imports.

By contrast, the American economy and labor market look robust. Inflation has persistently remained above the Federal Reserve's target. In the 1940s, increasingly likely to raise interest rates this year, making U.S. short-term government debt more attractive to foreign investors. This is had for the yen, growth is already large differences between U.S. and Japanese

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In the 1940s, the United States was a major economic factor in the United States. With no sign of any discipline on fiscal matters, it will probably result in Washington digging itself into an even deeper debt hole. In the 1950s, the United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States. The United States was a major economic factor in the United States.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2020 | 11

INTERNATIONAL HOMES

Buildings in the United States constructed using materials from Japan include, from left: a house in Oregon; a compound at the Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens outside Los Angeles; and an under construction of a culture in Tymington, Mass.

Saving Japan's heritage homes, overseas

Abandoned kominka given new life after being shipped around the world

BY TIM HENYVAE

High in the homilies of the Waikwos Mountains stands a compact home of white walls, wood and shingle. Set against a backdrop of unweيقged peaks in this corner of eastern Oregon, the house appears nice and slightly red of place, especially when you may relate to find shop screens, tatami mats and thick, curving rollers overhead.

It is a kominka, or a traditional Japanese folk house, but its existence in the United States is anything but traditional. The house was built a couple of years ago using parts taken from old Japanese houses that had been left vacant, as countless homes are in Japan every year. While some Americans have crossed the Pacific to buy and restore these broadest homes, a total bar growing number are doing the opposite: having the houses dismantled, shipped to the United States and rebuilt here.

"I was born and raised in Aichi Prefecture, and this kominka came from Aichi," said Kiyosai Kobe, who owns the property in the Waikwos Mountains with her husband, Bill Oliver. "In many ways, it felt like returning home. But beyond the personal connection, I wanted to bring something to America that modern life is missing."

Some of the parts are over 200 years old. When the 800-square-foot (75-square-meter) house was put together in 2024, there was no county permit process for old Japanese buildings. Ms. Kobe, 63, a former organic non-emergency, and Mr. Oliver, 88, a former planning director for Waikwos County, had to

Above, commanding a 100-year-old Japanese warehouse in Tymington after the materials were shipped piece by piece from Shinshiro in Japan. Below from left: the architecture firm Toda Komatsu, which is housed in a relocated kominka house in Shinshiro, and Japanese décor including shop screens and tatami mats inside the home in Oregon.

surmount these municipal and logistical challenges, like the way wooden houses can way during long-own voyages. It took an international collaboration between Toda Komatsu, an Aichi architecture firm; Kominka Collective, a Japan-based preservation group; and Devesi Engineering, an Oregon structural-engineering company.

After about two years, Ms. Kobe and Mr. Oliver opened the house as a part-time residence and rebuilt property with security and wellness courses, including no ceremony. (Their primary residence is the Kobe devesi the road.)

"The first thing many people notice is mental queensmen – the structure creates a feeling of expansion, almost like an exhibit," said Ms. Kobe. "The properties, the transitions between rooms, the natural materials, the way light enters through the structure and the simplicity of the design all invite a different relationship."

"In order to yoke house in the only residential kominka in the country, though there are others in public facilities, including, at 200-year-old, the home from Manganoe, Kagawa Prefecture, at the Huntington museum in San Marino, Calif.

Kominka are old minks, traditional private Japanese residences occupied by consumers. Most were erected below post-World War II building codes were implemented, and all share a common design – paint-and-beam systems to

define the space, with sliding doors, to tame floors and paper screens on top of minimalist, multipurpose and flexible elements. But they're not treasured the way they once were. Japan's rapidly aging and shrinking population has left it with at least 9 million uninhabited homes, or ships, particularly in rural areas. Kominka can be seen as dark, cold and isolated, especially by younger Japanese. They're also difficult to maintain under Japan's right earthquake-resistance standards.

As a result, many have little value-accused up abandoned or demolished. Japanese preservation groups estimate that tens of thousands of traditional houses disappear each year, which has sparked efforts to save them. Meanwhile, the crushing value of the just too much old houses very cheap – they can be had for less than $50,000 – and the future chronicling their renovations have gone viral. A fully rebuilt, redesigned kominka will cost about the same as a custom-designed, timber-frame home.

"You can't spend time in those extraordinary old buildings and see just become bearded," said Andrea Carlson, 60, co-founder and representative director at Kominka Collective, the nonprofit based in Aichi that re-designed the house in Oregon. The nonprofit's goal is to preserve houses in Japan, but when that isn't possible, expect to an option.

"It's heartbreaking to see there tues down," said Ms. Carlson. "Not only the

structures, but everything inside them – the shop doors, the tames chests, the roof tiles, the cranes panels. It's all destroyed."

But one country's trash can be another's treasure.

"In a recent day in the hills around the city of Shinshiro, Keji Toda, an architect at his family's firm, Toda Komatsu, switched on the lights in an old lumberyard warehouse. Inside were racks and racks of heavy wooden houses taken from dismantled kominka, some hundreds of years old, inscribed with hand characters and carved like ship timbers. There were also shippenes, tame chests, burn plaster doors and shop screens.

The parts, all awaiting export, were reclaimed from unnamed kominka by Mr. Todiz father, Yoshinoho Toda, a fourth-generation architect and the chairman of Toda Komatsu.

"Overseas, these are antispers, but how they are regarded as 'pink,' said Keji Toda, 47. 'We want to conserve kominka by using their traditional construction methods in the creation of comfortable structures built with the climate and standards of other countries in mind, structures that could last a century or more.'

In recent decades, architects, including Yoshinoho Toda, rediscovered the legacy of private wooden structures, formed preservation societies and lobbied for conservation. In 2020, UNESCO

Billy Dillon in Tymington, where his company, Kominka North America, is commanding a warehouse from Japan. "If we can import old houses and turn them into beautiful housing, that appeals to me," he said. "We can have people live in them again."

added traditional Japanese architectural timber framing to its intangible heritage list. Since then, preservationists have flourished.

Outside Boston, a retired timber frame named Billy Dillon had ample

experience moving burns and other old structures. In 2022, after a visit to a kominka in Aichi left him 'a little bit so good' at the craftsmanship, he decided he wanted to save similar homes from the wood chipper. So he began supervisi-

ing the disassembly and import of several old structures, and eventually launched a business, Kominka North America, with fellow timber frame Adam Miller.

"If we can import old houses and turn them into beautiful housing, that appeals to me," said Mr. Dillon, 70, who often collaborates with Mr. Carlson, from Kominka Collective, an onerving and design. "We can have people live in them again. The barn are just the right size for A.D.U.s as housing for families, grandparents, anything," he said, referring to accessory dwelling units, which are secondary buildings on the same land as a primary home.

American buyers, he said, want the original, non-ributured houses with hand-drawn calligraphy markers, and they're willing to pay $500,000 or more to import and rebuild a hotel Japanese heritage house. One of the clients wants to source old houses for a planned Japanese-elected spa in New England, others are U.S.-based Japanese cultural centers that want authentic architecture.

One kominka that he and Mr. Miller are developing is set to become a woodworking shop in Tymington, Mass. He now form a 150-year-old farm plant warehouse that once moved old, then, was dismantled in Shinshiro, with each piece cataloged before being shipped to the United States. The old growth timber, valued for its light grain, resin content and strength, has remained intact for more than a century.

Another kominka, built from the remains of a chosen from a Shimo shrine, will find a new life as a 800-square-foot A.D.U. in Northern Vineyard. Mr. Dillon and Mr. Miller are also helping Kominka Collective and Toda Komatsu more a thatched roof house, shrine, tent gate and parts of a disassembled Buddhist temple to a public garden in California.

In January, a private/colonial named Chris Obretroon is working with Toda Komatsu and Kominka Collective to co-locate a 1965 kominka from Niigata Prefecture and reimagine it as a four-bedroom guesthouse for a central center. Mr. Obretroon, a former chairman of the

"The first thing many people notice is mental queensmen – the structure creates a feeling of expansion."

World Monuments Fund, has done restoration work at Monticello, Mount Vernon and the far less house Museum in Britain, among other sites. This project is not a rebuild but an adaptation. The thatched roof will be replaced with a timber-frame, wood-shingled roof that can withstand hurricanes.

"We also added a lot of windows and a chemistry for added light, as minks are benthic dark and also very, very cold," said Mr. Obretroon, 49. "Thus, they are well suited to adaptive reuse in tropical climates. Adding and redesigning this stuff and will maintaining a traditional Japanese flavor was very richly. We have used extensive Japanese design cues. We jokingly call the result 'Japanese.'"

A American labor cultural appropriation, Mr. Dillon consulted a Buddhist theologian who told him that there is a fundamental tenet of the faith – there's a long tradition of moving old buildings within Japan itself.

"As carpenters, we understand the breadth of resources that must be committed to create a structure – material, time and skill among them – restricting us to preserve buildings that would otherwise be demolished," said Mr. Miller. "This resources with the Japanese enterprise frontman, eventually an appeal to theft and misalful consumption of limited resources, which we understand to come from tenets of both Buddhism and Shimo."

These ideas, moving the endangered buildings abroad to often a lure-shock option for saving them, said Yorkshire Takishita, an architect and kominka conservator, who has moved houses both within Japan and to design demolitions including Hawaii and Argentina.

"Minks have a tremendous power and resource. Smiles and fish nothing to do with politics or religion," said Mr. Takishita, 80, whose own Kamishima home was saved from a valley that was flooded in the 1960s. "As long as the new owner's construction, the 'state of the home, and as long as this important historical heritage was, be preserved, it doesn't matter where it is, in Japan or abroad."

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12 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

SCIENCE LAB

IN ALUMABLE SITES

Attention all helium-breathers: LHS 1140b has the welcome mat out

A few key features make a planet amenable to life, at least life as earthlings know it. It should be rocky, be at the right temperature for liquid water to exist and have an atmosphere. Now astronomers say they have found a world with all three traits.

"At this point, we have absolutely no evidence for life on the planet," said the planetary scientist Collin Cherubim. "But we think all of the really important, essential ingredients are there."

The rocky planet, named LHS 1140b, is a few dozen light-years from our solar system. It orbits a star within a distance known as the habitable zone, neither too hot nor too cold for liquid water to exist on the planet's surface. The exoplanet is cooler than Earth but bigger in both size and mass. (Above,

an illustration of LHS 1140b, with another planet orbiting the star in the distance.)

New data strongly suggests that LHS 1140b has a helium-rich atmosphere. The detection, published in the journal Science, is the first clear evidence of a potentially habitable planet with an atmosphere, and it reinforces the idea that there exists a population of worlds similar to our own with the properties necessary to sustain life. "When there's one, there's more in exoplanets," said Sara Seager, an astrophysicist who was not involved in the study. "Hopefully this is the start of something new."

An atmosphere is vital for habitability because it helps a planet hold on to water, regulates the climate and protects the surface from space radiation. ALUMBA-MILLER

BATHY-ANDERSON/LHIS-SHARSH-SHARSH

BACK IN

Camera catches conjoined twins on their cosmic journey

Early last month, an uncrewed Japanese spacecraft screamed past an asteroid named Torifune at 11,000 miles (31,000 kilometers) per hour. And as it hurtled within 2,000 feet (100 meters) of its surface — extremely close, in space terms — it took the photo shown above. Before this, very little was known about Torifune, except that it was an intriguing speck hurtling through the solar system.

It turned out that it was not one speck, but two: Torifune is a pair of asteroids that have been incongruously glued together.

"Yeah, that's weird," said Andy Rivkin, a planetary scientist and planetary defense researcher at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md.

Asteroids move through space at such extreme speeds that on the unusual occasions where they meet one another, they cataclysmically break apart. Torifune is known as a contact binary, meaning it's a pair of asteroids that have managed to get as close, in a surprisingly gradual and nonviolent way, that they have stuck together.

Contact binacles were once thought to be vanishingly rare, but in recent years astronomers have discovered several throughout our solar system.

In 2019, an NASA's interplanetary spacecraft New Horizons was venturing beyond Neptune, it captured images of a red-hued snowman named Armitech. And in 2023, while voyaging through the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, NASA's Lucy spacecraft found that the asteroid Dickinson had a smaller space rock orbiting it. This "moon," named Selam, was two asteroids squashed together. JOHNN GEORGE ANDREWS

TRANS-LINE BLACK

Why this Bachman's sparrow decided to change its tune

In the flatwoods of South Florida, tiny birds emerge from the underbrush to sing from the branches of pine trees. To human ears, their songs sound nearly identical, but any given population of these birds — Bachman's sparrows — uses as many as 120 different song types to communicate.

Like human language, birdsong is dynamic. Every avian generation makes choices about which songs to continue singing, which to improve upon and which to drop altogether. A single Bachman's sparrow might learn only 48 of the songs used by its community, and for decades researchers have been trying to figure out how baby sparrows choose which songs to adopt.

Previous studies focused on social and cultural factors. During their song-learning phase of development, young songbirds imitate the adult males in their group who are successful in courtship or have elaborately ornamented plumage.

Now, a new study of Bachman's sparrows reveals another possible part of the equation: the physical environment. Trees, dense shrubs and even wind can scatter or block the transmission of some sound waves, and researchers suspect that young sparrows are less likely to latch onto degraded songs, leading in turn to some songs becoming rarer than others.

"The rarer song types don't propagate quite as well over distance than the common ones do," said Rindy Anderson, a behavioral ecologist at Florida Atlantic University and an author of the study, which appeared in the journal Binacoustics.

All the Bachman's sparrow song types have a similar form, with a buzzing or whistling note followed by a trill. Some trills are faster or slower than others, and some complex songs contain trills of several frequencies.

Researchers recorded a variety of rare and common sparrow songs and then rerecorded them playing in different environments — among dense trees, windy plains and other places that Bachman's sparrows frequent but that could distort audio signals.

Under these conditions, the researchers found that rarer songs did not propagate as well as common songs. R. R. CALLAWAY

JOHNN-FLORES-3D/10/25

"This is the first time we've put an intact Starship in the water. . . . Wow, lucky No. 13 — hell of a flight for Starship."

Dan Hunt, a host of the SpaceX webcast, on the completion of the spacecraft's successful test flight, the 13th overall for Starship, which ended with the craft banking team in the Asian Ocean.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2020

13

Sports

Above from left: the Indiana Fever's Sophie Cunningham, who shared her views on trans athletes; the Pittsburgh Steelers' Aaron Rodgers, who criticized Dr. Anthony S. Fauci; and Caitlin Clark, Cunningham's teammate, who chose not weigh in on the issue of trans athletes.

Athletes can speak their minds. Or keep quiet.

Commentary

BY STEVE BUCKLEY

www.stevebuck

In this week's Sports People Wagging In on Social and Political Issues Countdown, the leaderboard is as follows:

1. Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Aaron Rodgers criticizing Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the former director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, for repeatedly invoking the Fifth Amendment during a Senate hearing last month.

2. Indiana Fever guard Sophie Cunningham making it clear that she is against transgender athletes competing in women's sports. "I got a lot of negative feedback about the failing trans," Cunningham said during an ESPN interview. "And I'm like, 'Never

once said that. I am here to extend love. But I also think with that love is

truth, being honest. And I want to protect young girls in a locker room, so young girls in sport who shouldn't have to go against biological men."

3. Caitlin Clark, Cunningham's teammate, being asked last Sunday — after the Fever's 6th 6th loss to the Minnesota Lynx — to comment on Cunningham's stand on trans athletes. "For us, it's not really a discussion we really have in our locker room," Clark said. "It's for leagues and the governing bodies to work with their athletes in find solutions, but our focus is on basketball. That's what we talk about and how we can get wise, and, obviously, we didn't do that tonight."

Now you're probably saying to yourself, boy, work a minute, how can Clark land on the Sports People Wagging In on Social and Political Issues Countdown when she essentially did no talking? She offered a collection of "an comment" in what she did.

But we live in times when every sentence gets dissected, analyzed and judged. And as it was when Rodgers

went off on Fauci, and when Cunningham shared her concerns about "young girls in sport who shouldn't have to go against biological men," and when Clark had no comment about Cunningham's comments, it all gave record into the daily view of social media commentary.

But excuse me for not getting too worked up over words out spoken. Excuse me for failing to join the crowd that's terribly, terribly upset at Clark for not being who or what it wants her to be. Excuse me for not expecting Clark to play a role that has been assigned to her by people she doesn't even know.

This is probably a good place to roll out the after-dinner speech about how there's a long, glorious history in the United States of athletes who took a stand on social and political issues, the gold standard being Toronto Smith and John Carles, who raised their lists in a Black Power salute at the 1966 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Or when the Boston Red Sox legend Ted

Williams devoted a portion of his Baseball Hall of Fame induction speech in 1968 to expressing the hope that the time comes when "the name of Satchel Page and Josh Gibson in some way can be added as a symbol of the great Negro (thegnos) players that are not here only be

Excuse me for not going too. I mean they were not

getting too worked up over words not spoken. "There are a couple of very public examples of athlete advocacy that have been passed down through the ages. Dig a little deeper

and we know that in the 1960s, the National Football League coaching legend Vince Lombardi banned home-pitcher language in the locker room; this in air era when such talk was a basic ingredient in the culture. Lombardi had a brother who was gay.

Many of us never knew this about Lombardi when he was alive. I certainly didn't. Just as I don't know much

about what's on Clark's mind these days. In the absence of her thoughts, then, it doesn't make much sense to tell through her every utterance, her every pause, in search of hidden meanings and inasmuch. And then get hysterical about it online.

Sports people (and this includes sports media people) who weigh in on political and social issues can count on being inundated with anonymous directives that they should "stick to sports." It's a mystery who these people are who feel empowered to tell others to stick to sports. The more utterance suggests somebody with a decrease in government affairs, or who perhaps has served in Congress or the diplomats corps.

The hypocrisy is at once comical and frightening. We like it when our athletes offer their opinions on this or that issue, except when we disagree with these opinions. And athletes who choose not to play this silly parlor gaster are dismissed as cowards.

Athletes who visit the White House

face similar traps. Participate in a White House visit, and you're a hero to some, a villain to others. Turn down the visit, and you're a hero in the disenfranchised or someone who disrespect the office of the presidency.

At the risk of having you with seventh-grade civics, but to use a kinship sports term to make the point, this would be a good time to have a Turn Back the Clack event that teaches and celebrates the promotions of the First Amendment. And if you happen to be a member of a championship team that has been invited to the White House, go ahead and go. Or don't go. Do that First Amendment thing and tell everyone else to mind their own business.

For sports people who want to take a stand on this or that issue and who are prepared to deal with the avalanche of positive and negative commentary that ensues, go right ahead. For athletes who choose to say nothing, allow them that right.

Why does everything have to be so complicated?

The Mini Crossword

ACROSS

1. Five lines on sheet music
2. Material for the House de Nito and Michelangelo's David
3. Bird that helps to rescue Nemo in "Finding Nemo"
4. ... note
5. Pal
6. Collective way of singing
7. Metal container that's a synonym for "magnificent"
8. "Nero" order at a restaurant

DOWN

1. Square cracker
2. Three: Prefix
3. What often starts with an apple and ends with a zebra
4. Show all
5. Word (off)
6. Be sincere
7. Thoses a busy fit
8. Destination for a mother-daughter day, perhaps

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE

Two Not Touch

Put two dots in each row, column and region of the grid. No two stars may touch, not even diagonally.

Wit Twister

They told me that the ____ of this aged Yankees fan

Would boast a baseball card of Mickey ____, done in chrome.

That he'd ____ "Who hits the him today? Why, no one can."

I made a ____ note to leave my Red Sox cap at home.

Complete the same with words that are anagrams of each other. Each underline represents a letter. PUZZLE BY STEWART CULLEN

YESTERDAY'S AMERICA

KenKen

Fill the grid with digits as as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, as indicated in the box. A 4-bit grid will use the digits 1-4. A 8-bit grid will use 1-6.

For more games: www.nytimes.com/games

www.nytimes.com/games

Crossword | Edited by Will Shortz

ACROSS 1 Fling 2 Garment with a horse, flowing and known as a "polio" 3 Longtime gear at "The Young and the Redtime" 4 Nocturnal sounds in the woods 5 Waffle 6 Worded with multiple Ennys 7 Author and illustrator of "The Very Hungry Caterpillar" 8 Slippery slope 9 Crowd (ni) 10 Summerline top 11 Group of reps 12 Kind of coating applied to metal 13 Go for again 14 Load from the dock 15 University of California campus site 16 Lovers call it Springfield's "The mountain of mountains"

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE

DOWN

1 Warrior or 2 "Vancy!" 3 Warrior, ok, say 4 Word-of-mouth promoters 5 Investment band in R.W. 5 6 During 7 Tires to outrun 8 Fielder competitor 9 Corpse 10 Osteorbitism spenders, in along 11 Turns of embarrassment, in one spelling 12 Hopkins, to Brits 13 Dams free 14 Repeated greeting in the Key & Pests section "Shut-Meet & Grow!" 15 Court tame 16 Displaying a wide range of emotions, say 17 Foundry of Argentina's first female-led political party, familiarly 18 Big name in comfortable footwear 19 Tower with daily calls to errors 20 Hit from behind 21 Words following a suggestion to try something 22 Winding (off) 23 Perfect example 24 Person you practically have to drag out of a party, not 25 One requesting simpler terms? 26 Channel inserts 27 Short-haul interest 28 Parliamentary seats? 29 Per 30 For a medium, it's easy!

Play all of our games plus over 10,000 paid puzzles for Words. Spelling: See, The Crossword and more online at http://nytimes.com/games. For puzzle talk, visit http://nytimes.com/wareplay.

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14 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

Weekend

"The Underground Railroad" and "The Nickel Boys" cemented Whitehead's reputation as one of the great American novelists.

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2020 | 15

STYLE

WEEKEND

Preppy look without all the baggage

The madras, the red pants, the boat shoes. An enduring aesthetic has many new fans.

BY ALEXANDER NASARYAN

On a recent Friday night in Lower Manhattan, a crowd of fashion journalists, photographers and influencers gathered at the OOL boutique on Mulberry Street in solderian Dover magazine's new issue, "The New Pony".

Guests were asked to dress in preppy attire to pay tribute to all things preppy — not the flagrantly misappropriated version on TikTok, but the collegiate look and old-moneyed demeanor of New England prep schools and Ivy League collegiate.

Many would argue that the chinos, penny leaders and compiled-school button-down shirts that epitomize preppy are timeless. Emerging in the 2006 as Ivy Style, and reaching the mainstream is the 100% with the publication of Lisa Birnbach's "The Official Preppy Handbook," uttered in the attire has waved and waned over the years, always with a slight break to the formula.

"We're done with showing the balls of Yale," said Justinian Mason, the founder of Dover.

For the launch party Mason, 26 were a mostly vintage convertible that included an "Enjoy Valleyshell" T-shirt tacked into Ralph Lauren chinos, a tennis racket belt buckle and brown fisherman sunshit.

The Dover crowd insisted that it wasn't engaging in roughly.

"I love history," Mason said. "But we can keep the moment and move it along without posting the same photos for 50 years."

Mason, who grew up in Houston, is Black and initially wore preppy clothes made by Vineyard Vines and Ralph Lauren to fit in at a private high school whose student body was predominantly white.

"I was dressing in non reality stand out as a Black person. It was just throwing on an outbed and going out," he said. "But after some personal and political evolution, I returned to prep with more style."

Mason initially launched Dover as a website, after encountering a brutal job market when he moved to the New York area in 2021 (he lives in New Jersey, but not a preppy picture like Princeton or Spring Lake). The site didn't garner many readers, but rather than pulling the plug. Mason doubled down and turned Dover into a glossy print magazine. Typing a blooms to his home state of Texas, the first issue, "freedown," was about Black cowboys.

Dover's prep total has two volumes: an 80-page cold-weather edition and a 30-page summer edition. Both contain "The New Preppy Handbook" — Mason's tale on "The Official Preppy Handbook" — inside their pages. And both volumes feature Peter Kuo, an influencer known as social media as Preppy Pets, as the cover model.

"The New Preppy Handbook" is an unabashed sculpture of Birnbach's best-selling classic, down-to-by-tarism-edged design and wry cultural-anthropological texture, with chapter names like "Things to Manageain" and "Preppy Hot Spots." This approach was more direct to the Arts, when Birnbach, a farmer, was guiding readers, like a Lecusse-attired Virgil, through the inner sanitation of American privilege.

Mason said his intention had been to

PHOTOGRAPH BY KIRSCHER HILL/LAUGHLIN/THY-STRY/THEY-TRIP

pay homage to Birnbach's book.

"We don't strive to imitate 'The Official Preppy Handbook' in any form or fashion; however, we recognize it's matter for all parties to understand our message when packaged alongside each cultural iconography," he said.

Kuo, 11, is known on social media for his long hair, revolving array of baseball caps and classic prep wear. He arrived at the Dover party in a green cardigan, white outbed, green-and-blue striped tie and white shorts — most of which he'd scored at a thrill stunt. It was the kind of outfit that would be the rigour at the Mainstone Club in East Hampton. He believes that prep is not limited to New York's Upper East Side — it is also at home in the Williamsburg neighborhood in Brooklyn, as well as the streets of Tokyo and London.

"But thing is sure now," Kuo said. Birnbach finds the Dover aesthetic pleasantly "washman," but the suggestion that Mason and Kuo were focusing too much on defining prep through the clothes. For her, preppy isn't just a manner of dress, it's a lifestyle — one she defines as "low-key".

THE POP CULTURAL PREP-ASSANCE

This past February, Ryan Murphy regarded a fascination with prep, thanks to his 474 series "Love Story" about the complicated romance between John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette. The show elicited a message out only for 100% New York but also for the prep aesthetic of their wardrobe, especially with John-John biking around the West Village in a suit and tie.

"The preppy style will never die," said Avery Trubdinan, whose podcast, Articles of Interest, issued preppy's history in the military, jazz clubs and college campuses. "It's one of the great pillars of the American look."

If J.Crow's rise from the dead is any indication, Trubdinan is right. Having filed for bankruptcy in 2020, J.Crow was as much to make nearly 12 billion in sales by last year. Max Min offers deck shoes (51,000), and Ponda is selling a cotton pole (31,000). Till this in the wild-passion to the L.I. Meat Boat and Tate, perhaps the single most recognizable preppy accessory.

Jack Carlson, the president and creative director of J. Press (which was

A party in the Nat.Jia neighborhood of Manhattan recently celebrated the "The New Pony" issue of Dover magazine. Among the guests wearing preppy attire were the magazine's founder Justinian Mason, above; Jacob Naqra, Tyాయి Bell and Luis Munoz, top right; Hannah Devens, lip left; and Bess Vargas, left. Right, pursuing the magazine. Below, the F.S. series "Love Story" about John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette helped revive the preppy aesthetic.

credited with creating the "Ivy League look"), believes that people are longing for a time when men like George Plimpton, a founder of the Paris Review, dressed in a way that evoked gravitas. "There is a sense of desirous. There's a sense of dignity," Carlson said.

The style, however, is not unchangeable. The crowd at OOL reflected the richness and diversity of New York's contemporary culture. Partygoers were tattooed, dreadlocked and pierced. One attendee opened a necklace depicting a Hebrew letter.

Another wore a sleeveless black vest, bands and broeders admiring his bare arms, and there was enough madras on display to drape Nantucket: a madras

bottle, a full madras suit and, of course, madras shorts. There was an Irish lions double-breasted suit, several vintage Brooks Brothers too, Sparky lead shoes and sweaters tied around necks.

"We aren't trying to embody something that we aren't," said Beth Vargas, a photographer, who was wearing a 1970s-era heating jacket and green-suit-blue pearl trousers — the colors and patterns clashing intentionally and glenomily.

"I like a lot of color in my life. It brightens my mood," they explained.

AN OLD-SCHOOL PREP'S TAKE

James A. Fenton, the executive editor of The New Criterion, exemplifies the classic prep. A graduate of the elite Trinity School in New York and Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, Panama, 30, married a Yale University graduate and wrote about taking in Switzerland with William F. Buckley Jr.

Ponero is fond of wearing low-ters and described his own style as "man-timacy." He has approved of the decision by some primary aesthetics of Mason and his circle.

"I wouldn't necessarily make the same choices, but I applaud the Immaculate efforts," Ponero said, referring to the blending of new with old, and the enthusiasm for wearing vintage clothes in mind of non-clothing into a wardrobe.

"Recently I bought a Brooks Brothers 'Made in England' how he at a church sale for a dollar. Now I wear it all the time," Ponero said. "Take that, but fashion."

Am I too old to dress this way?

Vianessa Friedman, The New York Times's fashion director, answers readers' fashion-related questions. You can send for a question at openfremad@nytimes.com or via X: @v-friedman. Questions are edited and confirmed.

I am an original P.S.B. (person in black) dresser from the punk era that became an N.Y.C. cliché. I'm still in the all-black trim jeans. Mack T-shirt look, but as I near retirement, I'm starting to wonder if I'm an anachronian. Even worse, am I making myself ridiculous at my age? — Rick, Youtine, N.J.

I'm sure it's all the black. The issue is that you associate your wardrobe with your most formative adult years, which you have now left behind. Our wardrobes need to evolve with our own, like the blacks of self, and if yours has not — if you are still wearing the same clothes you were when you were in your 20s — the effect may be as much internal as external.

I'm another way. Your clothes may not be merely telling the world you are stuck in your ways. They may be telling you that, too. And that can be a depressing place to find yourself.

It is also more likely why you are starting to feel uncomfortable with your wardrobe. It's not really the garments themselves. It's what they represent, and the fact that they are

probably new out of eyes with not just your chronological age, but your emotional and psychological state.

This is not to say that we need to completely change what we want to every decade or so. Creating a consistent personal style is part of creating identity. But within these parameters, there needs to be room for change, and development.

The good news, says our fashion expert, is that Mack has all sorts of associations beyond punk.

After all, Iggy Pop-sinks, it's hard to represent rebellion against the institution, so punk once did, when you are of an age you could be the institution. The good news is that Mack has all sorts of associations beyond punk (or downtown New York). A can refer to the art world, the Bears, eroo, goth, fashion, meaning.

It's classic as a shade, which means that, if Mack is your thing, by all means stick with it. But perhaps we consider the kinds of Mack items you wear.

Jim Pomm, the creative director for Gap Inc. and the designer of GapStudio, the company's red carpet line, leaves something about taking a basic look and maturing it. He calls what you are describing the "Hi Marks uniform" (a reference to St. Marks Place, near Washington Square). He suggests rearing into change by rethinking the shape, material and even the color of the clothes you wear — not radically, but by degrees.

That doesn't mean abandoning core principles and embracing easy or camel, which may be so preppy-ended as to feel alien. It doesn't even mean adding a tailored jacket over your T-shirt, which may look less-need rocker than aging dad who wouldly wants to be seen as big. (See, for example, the new British prime minister

Jeter Andy Burnham, who has channeled exactly that sort of look to his Everyman advantage.) And it doesn't mean leather, which is a punk cliché.

Instead, Pomm said, try something as simple as a shaker: a garment bathing between a shirt and a jacket that you can wear unbuttoned over a T-shirt.

"A very heavy Mack carries or comes troll would balance on the denim and T-shirt and add here to the look," Pomm said. "That would start to build an image that has gravity on it, but with the anachronian and attitude of punk." You can find these clothing purissurinous everywhere, including at Filson, Todd Snyder and Queen, and at a variety of price points.

Now, Pomm said, try trading your narrow jeans for a straight-leg-style that has slightly more give perhaps its a dark salvage denim rather than black. If you want to try adding a jacket, go for a three-button version rather than the more classic two-button style.

The idea is to convey a sense of sophistication without bending like a school or even calling attention to the change. It's the wardrobe equivalent of the invisible face lift: a minor tweak that somehow creates a new aura without most people being able to figure out why. (wrotein/review)

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16 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

WEEKEND

BOOKS

Immigrants getting the job done for divers

BOOK REVIEW

Voices From the Kitchen: Personal Narratives From New York's Immigrant Restaurant Workers Edited by Marc Meyer. Bounce. 2:27 pp. $29.95

BY INQUIRY GARNER

This is a slim and modest book, a volume of oral histories in the vein of Stude Terbark's 'Working' Office, but everyone who eats our regularly should know about it. Its title is 'Voices From the Kitchen: Personal Narratives From New York's Immigrant Restaurant Workers.' Its editor is Marc Meyer, a chef and a co-owner of the Manhattan restaurants Shaka, Coekalup, Va's, Students and Resin's. Meyer's methodology is straightforward. He set down with 27 of his own players, many of whom have worked in his restaurants for decades, and recorded their stories on his iPhone. He transcribed the interviews and poured them with minimal editing into narratives.

These men and women came from all over the globe – Ecuador, Bangladeshi, Peru, Egypt, Mexico, Ivory Coast, Bosnia, the Dominican Republic, Gambia – and their accounts of giving to New York, and scrambling out lives in the city, are plainly, harrowing, moving, and often very funny.

It's a clearly became anonymous political targets, and 'Voices From the Kitchen' gives them back their human lives.

It's possible to be cynical about literary project, and he's aware of that. An obvious power dynamic is at play. No one is going to tell the entire gravity truth about New York, and especially about their plan, to their employer. And Meyer is aware of whatever 'white tunnel' she might cling to such a project.

the house as dishwashers, banners and prep cooks, and increasingly in the front as servers and capitans. More than a few by now are head shots and managers.

Stories like these haven't gone entirely unsolicited. The Southern Food ways Alliance, the American Wildlife Center and other organizations have undoubtedly compiled hard-related oral histories you can find online. But it's good to have these accounts between hard covers. 'Voices From the Kitchen' is notrigid and clearly enough to make you optimistic that someone will compile a more expansion book in this vein, not limited to the workers in one restaurant group.

Most of the men and women have came from small towns. Many had almost or abusive fathers, and no access to oral education. They feel in America to help support their families back home, to escape gang violence and corrupt governments, and to attempt to move a part of what can only be called the American dream. Many had relatives who'd already come to New York.

The arrival stories are intense: days in the desert with little food or water,

thriving coyotes (human smugglers), random gunners, terrifying river crossings and long trips while packed 'like cookies' into heavy trucks meant for leading liquids, with few air vents. Many felt they would not be there. One rode to New York from Los Angeles in the back of a watermelon truck.

All started, or near, the very bottom – creating both towns, hunting tables, marking coat checks, and a first to a bit of prep work, then to a salad salads, and or on – through hard work, theft and persecutions. These are what we used to call, long before America's descent into the ICE age, Shattila Alger stories.

Part of the pleasure of this book is following these men and women as they move between restaurants, assiduously climbing the tables.

There's a built-in multiple luster in climbing the names of these places, some long gone and some standing: Big Kahana, Ocean Grill, Bad Goyry, La Zea, Cluba Fusion's, Jean Gompje, Mercer Kitchen, Mooshaba loam Bat, Ernst's, Lil' Frankies, Bayants, Pointe, Brown Betty, Acash, Dady, Seventh Avenue Donuts, Charlie Bird, Calle Osa, Venanda, Francois Tavern, Bo-

A Saturday night at Shattila, in the West Village of Manhattan.

quids, Mumford, Nookhouse, Upland, Danube, A Vaux Columbian, Aquatic Grill, Bayants.

Not so long ago, most restaurant work was considered mental labor. Thanks to large part in Anthony Bourdain, it has become admitted and cool (if twenty) work. People want to look and be like older: ruffels, untoned, become scorch marks on display. The job offers intense camaraderie. It is a backdoor gateway to all manner of culture, to a way that most other blue-collar professionals are not, should one wish to stop through that gate.

A not-unty-goal story in that of Vico (Meyer sees first names only, and sometimes pseudonyms), who arrived from a village in Mexico in 1904 and started in restaurants as a parter. He's one married and has been a U.S. citizen for eight years. He runs his own well-regarded restaurant. La Flea, in the New York borough of Queens, and oversees more than 20 restaurants in the Brewery restaurant group.

Vierz daughter graduated from Andeer College. Another interviewee, Eagle, also forms a small town in Mexico (his father was a truck driver), is one a chef who has a son at Phillips

Easter Academy.

The women in this book express feeling pressure to prove themselves in a male-dominated profession. They feel as approved as rulers of tomato place between work and family. Some have been sexually abused. But more than a few have risen to the top. Carlton, whose father was a fisherman in the Dominican Republic, came here at age 8. She's a chef and manager at Shaka.

Not all of these stories are happy. Some latercdotes are depressed or have other health problems. 'This city can give you economic stability, but it cannot give you emotional stability,' one says. Some twenty want to go home to places that don't quite exist any longer. 'Why didn't I stay?' another asks, about his hometown in Mexico. 'I think I lost something from the past, and it's gone forever. I can't get it back.'

These interviews come most alive when narrators break the harmonious aura, when you sense someone scraping away at the job. One woman admits that waiting unless you long can learn you not and make you snappy. Another remarks that working in divers rocks because so many are owned by big Greek families. Everyone in the family has an opinion, so you get it coming and going.

Rare customers like these remind you of the limitations of 'Voices From the Kitchen.' Because these narrators are speaking to their hero, the underside of kitchen work is rarely on display – the male customers, billing mistakes, racters, restroom bankups and a bumps, blood blisters on your feet, app collisions, having to 'push' menu items, trips and kids, the flameness of co-workers, mandatory businesses drills, shaving away green, and a store music, tipping, groceries, cuts and punctures, dealing with ranch rides and V.I.Ps, cramped and many environments – everything that goes on below the deceptively smooth front-of-house choreography.

There is a more honest and encompassing oral history project out there, waiting to be compiled. Editors, start your engines.

I know about this book because I had lunch at Coekalup a few months ago, and make news on the back's table. It was a good fact. Some of these stories are so tangled and involving they could be made into films.

This is not an explicitly political book. It has nothing concrete to say about immigration policy. It does not argue for wide-open borders. But it complicates easy narratives and asks that we see people not merely for what they are but for what they might become.

'They read my name and saw my face and pretend to the dishes,' says the job-working variable of one of his stories in Bryan Wadingson's collection, 'Let's 2000.' This is surely happening daily in New York City restaurants. 'Voices From the Kitchen' is an optimistic book – it reminds you that if many restaurant careers begin that way, they don't have to end them.

By the Book

Riley Singer

Bird invite two great men of letters to a literary dinner party – and one may reunite. 'For the dinner,' this star Beckler, 'The Unknown,' is about the making of a movie on an island with a dark history.

Describe your ideal reading experience.

As a nighttime reader who enjoys a good book on vacation, it would have to be at the late house to stand my husband and I like to visit. Early October, close to midnight, with a window open so I can hear the ducks and loons on the water.

What books are on your night stand? 'Villa Liner,' by Andrew Sauer-Livres and Ron Cherner's biography of Mark Twain. I always have one massive drawings of a book nearby that I can savor in tiny pieces over a long period of time.

What book might people be surprised to find on your shelves?

I love the work of the children's author Kate McDanillo, and one of my most interested books is a myriad copy of her 'Flora & Ulysses.'

Which thrillers get you hooked on the ground?

David Agatha (Section's 'Hot' Flow Thurs Were None' at 15, and it blew my young mind. I had an idea-books that that moment I was in the film 'Wisery,' by Stephen King. Many years later, I read 'Tell No One,' by Harlan Cohen, and finally thought. I want to do that.

What's the last great book you read? 'The Children,' by Michael Albert, a dark fairy tale for adults that's exquisitely written.

What's the last book you recommended to a member of your family? Over the weekend, my sister-in-law was looking for thriller recommendations. I suggested 'Whisper Down the Lane,' by Clay McLeod Chapman, one of my all-time favorites.

Where in the world have your readers been read surprising?

Brazil. It's recently come to my attention that I am very popular there and that my book 'The Only One Left' has been written and written for the time in a year. I had no idea, so learning this was a delightful surprise.

'The Unknown' is set on a movie set, is there an actual movie set you wish you could have watched up close? I would love to buy into a time machine and witness the interview train wreck that was the filming of 'Sons.' That way I could enjoy the chaos while also knowing it led to a masterpiece.

What book would you need this to see turned into a movie or TV show that hasn't already been adapted?

I've been eagerly awaiting an adaptation of 'The Secret History,' by Donna Tartt, the author's on 20 years.

What's your go-to classic? 'The Great Gatsby.'

Your favorite book no one else has heard of?

'The Heart Neverstok,' by Adam O'Fuller-Frion. Fair mystery and part family rags, it's a gem of a novel.

Here you are gotten in trouble for reading a book?

No, but when it was in eighth grade a teacher couple me with 'The families of the Vauclair' during study told, the said, 'How is way me young? I've that book, but at least you're reading.'

If you could work again on one of your books, which would it be?

Although I wish I could go back and tweak sections of all my books, I'd love to add a little bit more to 'Home Before Dark.' Its book within a book structure was more challenging than anticipated, there was a strict deadline in place, and time constraints forced me to leave a few things on the cutting-room here, so to speak. Even though many readers love it, that one still feels only 85 percent complete to me.

Was it your decision by write a book a year, or your publisher's?

That was very much my publisher's call. But I work well on deadline. Without one, I'd never get anything done. It only gets overwhelming when I go on tour to promote one book while simultaneously trying to build another, which happens every year. I get through it by reminding myself that I'm so lucky to make a living telling stories.

Are you still pleased to write under a pre-named?

I can! For me, it's always been about the work and not the maturity. I want to move through this world as about, mostly as possible, and the pen name helps me do that. It's a great buffer between my public life and my private one.

Does bring in very garland Princeton, N.J., influence you in any as a writer?

It's less of an influence and more of a pleasant couple from my work. I can spend all day writing about murder and malfeasance, then head downtown to see a new woman and see a classic movie at Princeton Garden Theater.

You're organizing a literary dinner party. Which three writers, dead or alive, do you invite?

Mark Twain for the wit, Ernest Hensleyway for the stories and Jacqueline Sussan for the drama.

Email interview conducted and edited by Scott Stiller. An expanded version is available at systems.com/books.

THE SUNDAY CROSSWORD

Freestyle Exercise Edited by Will Shorty

• Access
• A friend
• 12th grade of an actual occasion
• 14 x 11 x 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
• 10
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• 10
• 10
• 10
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• 10
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• 10 -

The following table is a simple diagram and cannot be extracted.

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BOOKS

SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2020 | 17

WEEKEND

A novelist recovers his faith in the future

WHITEHEAD, FROM PAGE 2

story as he is in the increasing arguments it knows. All of this is conveyed with a trickster's snork: John Henry's legacy is personality slipping its cuffs and dashing off toward giddy, only quickly piled past fortunes.

By refusing the predictable somberness that can sometimes weigh on stories of Black people, Whitehead's novels arranged the conclusion around Barack Obama's 2008 election, with history bearing out the circle that "the arc of the moral universe" beside toward justice. His stylistic nerve seemed taken made for the momentary sense that America had transcended the racial struggles of the past (though Whitehead scuffed at suggestions that we now lived in a past-Black world).

Of course, the pithistism of Obama's axcent gave way to a populist revolt of white grievance. Thus came the killings of Dayman Martin and Michael Brown and the fabric of Black Lives Matter, followed by Trump's campaign of racial resentment and his eventual election. This was the mood in which a different sort of historical imagination began to grip Black thinkers. Altrpecinism, a theory most loudly championed by the crisis and theorist Frank Wilkinson that held that an unceasing and violent hatred of Blackness would always determine historical events. We were not standing on Obama's arc, but stuck in a loop.

Altrpecinism filtered down into public thought. In his eventual book, "Reviews the World and Me," Ta-Nehna Coates held that the "plankton of Black life was drilled into the country," so integral that it functioned as "a default setting in which, likely to the end of our days, we must invariably return." What did it say that America had shoved a black president and still found itself haunted by racism? How had it wound its way back to where things had begun?

As writers grasped for metaphors in understand the three slip we seemed to save-entered, they were drawn back to a particular subgenre: the non-slave narcotics. In his 1970s and '80s, writers like Ishmael Reed, Tom Morrison, Victoria Butler and Cory Jones drew on the history of slavery in old new stories about contemporary Blackness. The results were selecting but irreverent, historically minded but imaginatively free. These books augmented the slave narcotics by adapting ghost stories, satire, speculative fiction and other narrative books, turning slavery into a vast text in a very large, natural invention. Marriot's "Beloved," perhaps the most famous example, used the archive as both desperate and challenge. The largely forgotten life of Margaret Carnes, an endowed woman who had killed her baby daughter rather than see her camel in bedings, was her starting point for a story of what people's attempts to accept the past and chart new paths for the future.

Writers in the post-Obama era returned to this unique of literature. Giving us habit on it. Paul Beatty's 2015 Man Booker Prize-winning "The Solitary," for instance, was a leading satire that followed Public country's inability to see Black people as more than oppressed subjects. Nevertheless, it automatically presented slavery as a frame for understanding contemporary institutionalization. Beatty's book character tries to prevent his Black Los Angeles suburb from being wiped off the map with an undeveloped method to bring slavery back, playing on the growth: conventional wisdom that all economic life-residential segregation were mere extensions of slavery's legacy. Other novels — Rev. Joseph Ward's "Sing, Untracted, Sing," Coates's "The Water Dancer" and Robert Jones Jr.'s "The Prophet" — took the same impulse to a more solemn direction. And others, like Steve Lazarus, "the Saviour," substituted the Jim Crow South for the antebellum North. The trauma of these eras were taken to be the original wound from which all subsequent wounds flowed.

With "Unrecognized Railroad," Whitehead joined the chorus. The book told the story of Cora, a visionary slave who worked on a black subterranean railroad. The train is the novel's spine, shuttling as between different states, each with its own speculative tone of white supremacy. One episode is set in the constantly safe state of South Carolina, where the government has replaced chattel slavery with a system of no-below village, housing and employing Black people, even providing them with health care. Cora sees a woman fleeing from pursuing men and is reminded of having been sexually assaulted back on a combination of her she once lived. As the woman screams, "My babies, they're taking away my babies!" the book adopts a tone of cool irony: "The on-bol条件 sighted at the familiar refrain.

They had heard it as many times in plantation life. The interest of the mother over her tormented offspring." The woman's screams are a harfinger: South Carolina has enacted a sterilization scheme that echoes the forced sterilization of Black women in the 20th (undervos 2547) century.

The scene is a meta-commentary on the history of slavery, its literary representation and the way slavery's legacy of sexual values continues to resonate. Whitehead's South Carolina is a formally clever fanian of the past and present, but a also calls forth the familiar species of ritualistic Black suffering, leaving us at the doorstep of an all-coming-ending civil.

Whitehead took this fatalism further in "The Nickel Boys," which was inspired by the story of Franklin Arthur C. Donor School for Boys, a reformatory academy whose mostly Black student body was subjected to torture, forced labor and sexual abuse. In writing "The Nickel Boys," Whitehead told The Times in a 2010 interview, he was turning to the past as a way of understanding the present. "I think we've regretted, and I think a lot of normal people and artists are trying to make sense of this moment."

Where Eternal, the novel's protagonist, wiled-up of the Nickel Academy, he does not despair and finds himself thinking of "The King's speech in high school students in Washington, D.C., when a spate of the degradation of Jim Crow and the need to transform that degradation into action." Eternal believes his purpose is to help lead the nation into a loving relationship with all its citizens. He believes this even though, before his incarceration, he attended a school that remained segregated nearly a decade after Brown's Board of Education. He believes this even after witnessing and suffering a series of creations at the hands of his jailers, and his customers to believe this even as the possibility of the new survival between us a dim all on the horizon. It became difficult not to see ourselves in Eternal: calls refusing to give up on the hotel that history moves immorably forward. Instead, Whitehead seemed to be saying, history is a trap that will never let in go.

But for all the inspiration that the non-slave narcotics provided in these years, there was a gap between what that state and her cohort set out to do and how Whitehead's urban management their project. These earlier books reached into the coveties of history in search of countertransitions to the idea of passive Black suffering. They had a liberatory magic, a sense that there could stretch and change the world. The concept of history could be reorganized. Edward F. Jones's novel "The Known World" (2002) is, perhaps, the best example of this: "The story of a Black slave owner

Colson Whitehead in 2015, the post that "Harlem Shuffle," the first novel in his Harlem Trilogy, came out.

named Henry Townsend, the book often skips and delivers across time in the span of a paragraph. These steps initially seem to contrast the situations of its fictional Manchester County with the narrative's senescence view, but that is not really time's point. Before, Jones gives us an excess of storytelling, suggesting that every single resident of Manchester, no matter how constricted their life, contains more history than he can hope to support.

Non-slave narratives insisted on this excess, this never, this sense that History could not possibly gather within itself all of the histories it purported to represent. They also asked us to question current conceptions of the present. If the past was nothing but a totalising and hopeless series of visioners in fiction as Black people, that presupposed a totalising and hopeless present. But what, these writers asked, if the present were still swollen with all the forgotten and outresilient potential of the past? What if?

WHITEHEAD RETURNS TO IT: "What if" is his Harlem Trilogy. It's hard to know what shifted in him, but perhaps he absorbed a growing sense that Altrpecinism's account of history is insufficient. Paradoxically, this is happening even as the Trilogy administration has brought about forms of racial domination that amplifiedly model themselves on Jim Crow. The most important bookership in the Army is the disunantling of voting rights protections. But the demolition of the civil rights era's achievements has also prompted a desire to continue this repression with renewed imagination.

The political theorist Brendan M. Terry has written about the need to stop reading the past only for fatalism, evidence that we even always desired to

end up where we are. The critic Anthony Reed has acknowledged the "crisis of temperality" — an obfuscation with civil rights era conceptions of historical progress — while critiquing Altrpecinism's nihilist bent. But what might take the place of that nihilism?

It seems that Whitehead has been asking himself that question, too, and has turned to the crime novel, with its attention to illicit activities and secret worlds, to oppose what Altrpecinism entires. The Harlem Trilogy never carries in 20th-century maniacs of the form like Chester Himes and Walter Moseley, who served up closely observed narratives of urban desperation. The decoupled apartments, drug does, speakeasies and public spaces that they revealed are a model for Whitehead's deadly medieval portrait of life in the underclass.

Whitehead's trilogy extends from the blacks on Washington to the Young Rights Act to the assassination of various civil rights leaders and the time of their election set off, but that history seems only incidental to his hero, Ray Carney, and his cohort. The nation and New York City have undergone serious social and political shifts, but they happen in the periphery. The people, Black militants, politics, suberadators, gangster houses, jewel shovers, art leaders, and fellow braves who survived Carney are involved in their own subterranean dreams.

The first novel Carney in "Harlem Shuffle" in 1959, he is a young furniture salesman who has put his hardscrabble past behind him to attend Queens College, such a business degree and open his own furniture store. His wife, Elizabeth, is the daughter of a forever flow family that looks down on his punishing upbringing. Most lighting is a fount, though, allows him to step outside the hazards of respectable

Harlem. He is a Black crime fiction archetype — a hero whose authorized relationship to the Black undercanny gives him a crucial vantage point on the clandestine workings of the neighbourhood's history.

"Cool Machine" moves the action to think they think, a city emerging from a fertile, dilapidated period of bankruptcy and into a glittering future. Carney thinks of himself as an archive of its secret histories. The fence, he reflects to himself, is a "container of size" who walks around with a chronicle of "all your previous jobs, other people's, all the stuff everybody's kind."

Like its predecessors, "Cool Machine" is composed of three episodes that, together, capture the delicious transition between historical periods, when the inventorweldes face of the past suddenly loosen their hold. When the novel opens in 1981, the legendary criminal Uncle Rich recruits Carney to (naturally) help his crew execute a hoist of coastal cable, which, at the dawn of cable television, has become a lucrative maker for organized crime. In Rich's eyes, its subterranean flow holds the key to power. "There are hidden lines of energy under the city," Rich tells Carney at the entrance to a train tunnel. "Everything connected, brutally, under our feet. You can't see it, but God's where the true power lies — everywhere, below! He's speaking brutally about manic-god skills — and so, but Carney also understands him to be describing the "secret energies that move the world. It sounds that what Carney called churn, the answer, forces that made everything go." Only the criminal has true insight into these forces.

For Whitehead, that subterranean action is a model for history, which is no longer a linear process, but a novel of diverse environments and ambitions. Each, in the novel, Carney's wife, Elizabeth, is setting up her own travel agency after a hour. It's writing for a company called Black Star Travel.

"Twenty years earlier, in the midst of Jim Crow, Black Star entered to those in need of safe routes through the perilous family," Whitehead writes. "Carney Travel now catered to a generation hungry for different rights — to consume, to play, to vacation in the manner they worked."

This sentence is solely thrilling. Whitehead manages to traverse a few generations of Black history by turning his power into something able to a striped geological formation. Black Star Travel reformates both Natural Savery's Black Star Line shipping company, whose goal was to transport Black water and back to debut, and Vintal Hugo Groves' "Negro Material Green Book," which guided middle-class Black travelers to brutally accommodatious in the segregated South. This pentaportion process would allow if the Altrpecin political impulses characterizing Black life in the 20th century: Black nationalists and respectability-obsessed integration.

You can detect in this passage the same impulses that Whitehead first regarded in "The Intuitment," to gather multiple periods of Black history into unstoppised future. Whitehead's innovation here is to make clear that this is not a speculative state: This subterranean movement is how history actually works in the lives. The period of the life result of an inevitable process, but a constant charting in which all the choices, the success and potentials of the past are embedded, waiting to surface. The goal isn't to explain, streamline or order this history, but to dredge it up in all its chaos.

With "Cool Machine," Whitehead seems to have rejected Altrpecinism's logic, opting for something more unstable, fugitive and strange. He finds a metaphor for this uncruited escape but, late of the mankind, a kind of cosmology of the relationship between the underworld and the mainstream. In the beginning of the world, Rich tells Carney, the world was all water, and God charged animals with driving to the bottom of the ocean to retrieve the mud that would become land: "One by one the animals die! Just that day, there is being up the road." Rich says, "but not a one can swim down far enough." Only the mankind proves capable of swimming down "again and again, keeping it up to water as island!" — Macbethon. The movement of history, Rich suggests, is initiated by the clandestine activities of those who can withstand life in the darkness of the underworld — not just the criminal underworld, but the underclass in which so many Black people are confined, and in which so much forgotten Black history unfolds.

The Harlem Trilogy owes a debt to 20th-century masters of the crime novel like Chester Himes and Walter Moseley, who served up narratives of urban desperation.

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18 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

WEEKEND

MUSIC

"Everyone in my family is musical. And it all comes from that huge spread of the tree."

Left end of the bottom of the page, Alex Da Ponte is a recording studio in Memphis, Bales, left, Lorenzo Da Ponte is an 1928 portrait by Samuel Moran-Briton right, a wedding stand from Alex Da Ponte's collection of family birthboats.

A past full of musical history

Alex Da Ponte and his family keep alive the memory of a librettist for Mozart

BY ANDREA PRADA BEACCHI

In June, Alex Da Ponte drove to Sunbury, Pa., to visit the town where one of his ancestors had run a grocery store. That parent, Lorenzo Da Ponte, also happened to be Mozart's most important librettist, a protégé of the Austrian emperor and companion of Canavera, a priest, sedacer and gambler — and the man who did the most to introduce it did his opera to the United States.

Alex stopped in front of Lorenzo's house — today a539, a540, the teacher — and posted a long tribute on Facebook to his bestsellers, who had moved from Vienna to the middle of the year, to more than 200 years ago. "His life was chaotic," Alex wrote. "He had big ideas and was always shooting his shot. Obviously that's genetic."

A singer and songwriter, Alex, 18, has been releasing music for the last 14 years, making a scene for himself in the Memphis indie pop and alternative rock scene.

His life shows how far eight generations, a family has held on to the memory of one of the most fascinating characters in the history of opera: a universe who bridged two customers and still has the power to shape his descendants' identity.

As a child, Alex didn't pay much attention when his relatives discussed Lorenzo, but now he is the president inferior of the Da Ponte input. "At the time I didn't really know that I had Italian roots," he said in an interview in Memphis, "and then when I looked into it, I was like, 'Oh my God'."

He started digging into his family's past, gathering birthboats and reconstructing the family tree. His son, born in 2017, is called Da Lorenzo.

A few hundred miles from Alex, in Nashville, another Da Ponte is in a trade even closer to Lorenzo's 1964 Da Ponte; 27, Alex's second cousin, is a songwriter for Warner Chappell Music. She writes about 200 songs a year: Warner prefers some to labels and art-

istic, sometimes musicians come to her with ideas that she tries to put on paper. "I'm kind of a facilitator, help them say what they want to say," she said.

Olivia has a general idea of her ascension's life, but she doesn't come close to her cousin's obsession.

Alex has a tattoo on his right arm reading "Compliment," Lorenzo's original surname. "That's so much cooler than ever," Da Ponte, "he said."

CHANNEL CONGELONS was born in 1749 in the Jewish ghetto of a small town in the Republic of Venice. When he was 14, his family converted to Catholicism and he took the full name of the local bishop, Lorenzo Da Ponte. After taking holy orders, he moved to Venice, then to full decadent likens, where he became a gambler and a sedacer, befriending the king of womanism's, Giacomo Canavera. In 1773, he was banished because of his scandalous lifestyle and the publication of seditious verses.

Da Ponte wound up in Vienna, where

he got to the good groves of Emperor Joseph II and became a popular librettist. He worked with Select, Martin y John and, most importantly, Mozart, for whom he wrote "The Marriage of Pigeon," "Don Giovanni" and "Cool Pan Fatio."

In the second volume of "Lorenzo Da Ponte a 2-star tempo," a biography in progress that will probably reach 2,000 pages, Lorenzo Della Chia wrote, "Mozart's reputation as an opera composer was modest; Da Ponte's distrust of him considerable, their contact's root, their friendship virtually nonexistent, and the esteem almost nil."

And yet, their collaboration changed opera far good, introducing three-dimensional characters, sophisticated plots and ambiguities that broke with a tradition of good versus evil.

His American style didn't, too long. After Joseph II died, in 1790, Da Ponte lost favor with his successor and was expelled from Vienna. He moved to London, where he became the poet of the

King's Theater while setting up a series of enterprises that failed one after another.

Burdoned with debt, Da Ponte fled to the United States, stopping for six Philadelphia and then to New York. "In 1804 there were very few Italians," Della Chia said in a phone interview from Milan. "When he arrived, he set himself up as a prayer."

Like in New York (a town of 65,000 in 1895) proved unsustainable, so Da Ponte moved to New Jersey and then to Sunbury, where he laughed at him on "every time my poet's hand was called open to weigh out two ounces of tea, or measure half a yard of "pigtail," he wrote in his memoirs. (A pigtail was a toner of tobacco.)

Things changed when he returned to New York and, at a Broadway business, met Clement Moore, author of "The Night Before Christmas" and son of Columbia College's president. Moore introduced Da Ponte to Manhattan's high society, and in 1823 Da Ponte be-

came the first professor of Italian at Columbia.

Da Ponte made it his mission to introduce Italian culture to the United States. How was it possible, he wondered in his memoirs, that there was no Italian bookstore in America, while "in almost every city you think the wines and the gropes of Sicily, the oil, the olives, and the silks of Florence." "the sausages of Bologna, and even the marchesess of Naples."

Da Ponte's last endeavor was to bring Italian opera to New York. In 1828, he persuaded a Spanish troupe to perform "Don Giovanni" and received a standing ovation at the premiere. He was 17, and after defeat after defeat on two sides of the Atlantic in two centuries, that must have felt good.

He spent the next years trying to persuade the lower Guicness Masterson to bring his company to New York, but when he finally did, Da Ponte was cut out, 1828, in 1833, thanks to Da Ponte's efforts, the Italian Opera House opened at the corner of Church and Leonard Streets. In its place today stands the sculptor Anish Kagan's "mast-flour," but an observant partner by night makes a sign at the intersection reading "Lorenzo Da Ponte Way." (A copy now resides in Alex's living room.)

In 1924, The New York Times wrote that when Da Ponte died in 1828, at 85, "a long train of enactment followed the body from the Cathedral to the Roman Catholic Cemetery." Most biographies end there, noting that Da Ponte's reunion — like those of Mozart — were later lost forever.

The story of his American family, however, had just begun.

ONE OF MY BIRTH. Lorenzo Luigi (around 1869-1945) became a professor of Italian and sophisticated the family culture by marrying the sister of a wealthy New Orleans jurist. He died only two years after his father. After that, it seems, his wife fell farewell to New York, starring the Da Ponter' southern branch, which survives today in New Orleans, Memphis, Knoxville and Nashville.

Lorenzo Luigi's son Durant (around 1829-1894) had a career in the upper echelons of New Orleans journalism, was wounded while fighting for the Confederate army and got rich trading on the stock exchange. Socially influential, Durant enjoyed "the same beautiful woman in the world" (as she was assisted in the prison, and the couple became famous for the plain vulgarized at their 200-seat home theater, a divestment of Durant had lately learned as a child at Lorenzo's home. By then, Lorenzo's fame had already begun to fade: a 1948 biographical dictionary dedicated more space to Durant's entry than his grandfather's.

We find one of Durant's sons, Harry, in the late 20th century as a triumphant smuggling weapons in the revolutionary forces of Perfein Dike in Mexico, while his son, Harry II (1885-1967) had an ordinary career in intrusion. At this point, Durant's fortune had already been squandered.

As Lorenzo's descendants multiplied and scattered, at least one branch never forgot him. David Da Ponte-Cosper, the first Da Ponte I reached out to when resourcing the family, copied to my email within 10 minutes, rattling off his forefathers back to the firertrick.

When David was born, the New Orleans mansion where his great-great-grandfather Durant used to stage plays was still standing. When the nephew Alex visited a few years ago, he found a bank there.

Above Alex's fireplace, there's a hazard about from Durant's wedding. "We got her and prove that the Presi family has become that survived the gambling," he said, referring to a passion that Lorenzo apparently passed on to some descendants. Two others, music and literature, have also made their way in the present day.

"Everyone in my family is musical," Alex said, again, in a 4-shot family tree that another Da Ponte had compiled before him. "And it all comes from that huge spread of the tree."

Alex's songwriter comes Olivia in "the love of the" command of how similar her profession was to Lorenzo's. "Maybe there's some part of my desire and fascination to go writing that traces back to him," she said.

Laura King, a professor of collaborative history at the University of Leeds, in England, said in a phone interview that one's connection to family history is often a "two-way street." "How much that family history influences you?" King said. "Or is it the other way around." I will choose the lots of my family that make sense to me or my history that make sense to me. I'll seize on that lot of musically in my family, and that tells me a story. I'll use that, or I'll have a tattoo because it inspires me."

Either way, Lorenzo would probably be pleasantly surprised to see the tattoo on Alex's arm.

At the end of Da Ponte's life, a main concern was how much of Italy he had been able to impart to America. In 1924, The Times noted that "the name of Da Ponte may be unknown to the public," and today she is probably true again.

"Most people don't know who he is," Alex said. "Whenever anybody interviews me be made well, they always end up asking 'is there anybody else to music to your family?' and I'm like, well now."

Alex's son, Da Lorenzo, 8, recently had a state project about family history. "I was like, 'Yes, this is our chance to shine.'" Alex said then.

"He doesn't care. I hope he will one day."

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SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2020 | 19

WEEKEND

Goodbye to flirting and swiping

After two divorces, I wanted to live like a turtle in the safety of my shell

Modern Love

BY JESSICA CLEMON BEWIEQUEZ

When a hoodie was turtle hunter, the she's maybe two inches long, and her first act is life is a wild option to the water. She doesn't look back or here too. She runs. She'll spend the next few decades in open ocean before finding her way back to the exact stretch of sand where she was born.

She carries a long inside her body, an imprint of her breath, rounded before the ever reaches the waves. Scientists call this natal homing. I have always imagined that we carry maps like this one, and no man we're moving toward before we know exactly where we're headed.

Somewhere in my late life, I began to fear that there was more life behind me than ahead. That my greatest loves had come and gone, and the doors were closing, and that was it, all I would get.

I believed this, and I thought: Fine. What I had wanted wasn't to be loved or choose. I had wanted to feel safe inside my own life. To be in a room who sometimes without vanishing what I'd said wrong, waiting in forgive or a gangster. And a man had never given me that.

I had been proposed to fear times, and was in bed of them, married and divorced twice before I was 26. I'd loved people who had loved me back, and when 26 I had left me feeling like I was on solid ground, I kept thinking the next person would smash me.

I edged toward 40 the way a person finished a mandolin, legs cramping, lungs burning, and replaced to foot triumphoid. Each relationship had required a different version of me, and I had disqualified each time, losing a little more of whatever self I had started with. If the doors were really closing, I thought I could live with that. I was so tired of roaring, from something toward something. Which is maybe why I were looking for turtles in the first place.

The turtle conservancy sits on 90 acres of dry rhagozoal at the feet of California's Figueroa Mountains. More than 400 turtles and tortoises live

them, tended by keepers who move through the excitement with a patience that looks like shroother.

I caled the exchecures, added fresh, encircle leaves, settled plains with lettuce and flowers and dried cuttlefish. I spent marriage cribbing coconut oil into turtle shells with my hands while they pressed into my with something that fell like trust. Up there, a tortoise itself is in. Each other was ringed with overlapping lines. The patterns ringed across their backs but never crawled into the cuttlefish. But to carry your whole history on the outside.

Before I started coming here, I thought a turtle's shell was a borrowed house it would outgove and leave behind. But the shell is not something the turtle carries, it's something the turtle is. I thought about this community, wondering what it must feel like to be here with such safety.

There were so many nights throughout my marriage, lying in bed with my lamp on, listening to my husband brothe beside me. He loved me as much as he could love, as the ways he knew how. And I lay there calculating the distance between us, the inches of shore as wide I couldn't imagine crossing over to his side.

I didn't say anything. I never did. That was the whole problem and also the whole marriage, a woman turning off her light before my three were things that could stay unseen.

I lost some of how many times I reached for his hand during an argument while my body was still shaking. I had become so flavor in abandoning myself that I offered tenderness before ever acknowledging my own injuries.

It's possible to be loved and still not lost safe. What was missing was something I didn't yet have a notice for something I kept asking the wrong people to provide. I was giving every man who loved me an impossible job: the raids on I feel sadly. Protect me so I feel protected.

There's one turtle I've grown as reached so, I started him Damien, Damien the downtop. Galapagos tortoises me live well over 100 years. Many have been alive since before the Civil War, before the telephone, before any version of whatman I would recognize.

Every meeting when I open the gate, Damien is blocking the doorway with his entire body, a nonchalant beckle. The other tortoises eventually climb over him. He comes out when he's ready: he's old enough to operate on his own time.

I got it. Something shifted to me the year I turned 40 — a bone-deep, almost chemical unwillingness to move before I was ready. As end to the apologizing and accommodating, I'm around on.

Most people don't know that if you gently scratch a turtle's shell with your lingering, across its dotted hump, something happens that the keepers call fanzling. The turtle rises up on its legs, almost hydrated only beneath its neck, and its whole body lifts toward the touch. As if to say: Yes, thank you, more please. It doesn't range or rise, just slowly rises to meet whatever feels good.

I had never seen flocked. I only knew how to lodge.

I collected beginnings the way some people collect debt: with confidence that future me would sort it out. The breathing phone calls, the feeling of being lovable leaves, I was marginally good at that. It was the long outside that got over the laundry, the grocery lists, the lights, the distance between the life they had promised and the life they could actually offer.

It took me a while to understand that I wasn't falling in love so much as falling in love with the falling. I was chasing something that dissolved when I caught it. Every time, I told

myself the problem was the person. The right one, I believed, would sustain that fine hell. I was like the hero in the table who loves running so much that she forgets there's a finish line. All circles and speed and the sound of her own breathing.

I had stopped over so much of what love wasn't that I had become fluent in its instalment: the weight of a relationship held together by reassurance, how we may because learning requires: selecting how long ago we should have left. I knew what it felt like to disappear by degrees: the aptitude first, then the needs, then the preferences, then finally the instincts whispering. 'Something is very wrong'. When I went looking for the self I had silenced, I found only a woman-shaped canoe where I used to be.

So, I stopped searching. No flirting, sex, writhing or swiping. No one to manage or disperse. I stopped avoiding my own company and started noticing who I was when no one was watching. The first month felt like withdrawal. The third felt like ease. Around the table, I started to hear myself that.

And somewhere in that stillness, I found my way back to the woman I had been before I let other people tell her who to be.

My man distant and funny and brave: she pulled over for reasons and cried when other people cried. She was not in a deep things, after in the garden, then in herself. And she stopped saying so much what anyone else thought of her.

By the time I found the turtle contempts, I was almost ten years into being alone. I came each week and learned to stop carefully around animals that didn't need me to rush. I prepared the excitement to follow-in. And, making small numbers for bodies that knew when to retreat.

And one alternate, elbow-deep in the yard known, I felt felt lying I had been looking for — the ground solid beneath my feet, holding my up from the inside. Nobody tells you that becoming yourself again is unguionment. It's mostly welcoming and evening, not saying no to the things you used to say yet to.

And then one day it's just there. That's because someone who takes her to the other's upstairs. I was no more than one who can sit in the silence trusting the will survive whatever comes next, and when she knows what it is to move through the world without needing anyone to stand between her and it.

Scientists call the years between a turtle looking and returning home the next year, because it's the same size as where she went or what she did. But I don't think she was lost at all. Decades of open water, thousands of miles of strong current, ruined drift and the slow drift of the magazine field itself, and still her map stayed steady. She didn't need anyone to draw her the way home. She just had to stop long enough to feel the poll.

Jessica Cannon-Bernigan, a writer in that, I tell, is the author of the forthcoming essay collection 'If You Loved Me, You Would Know.'

It's possible to be loved and still not lost safe. I was giving every man who loved me an impossible job.

My partner lied to me, then dumped me. What to do?

The Ethicist

BY KRAJIEL ANTIMON APPEAR

I recently made a long relationship and first myself struggling into with heart: brush then with moral responsibility.

From the beginning, my partner described our relationship as ethical mammography. He was legally married, he said, but the marriage had become primarily a friendship and financial partnership. His self—to longer wanted a sexual relationship and had encouraged him to seek someone elsewhere.

He did not have planned to separate annually once their child become independent. I therefore believed I was entering an unusual but consensual arrangement, not participating in eligibility. The distinction matured. Had I thought I was helping deserve someone, I could never have become involved.

For years, apart from a brief hiatus, I accepted his account. As the personal transition approached, I pressed him for someone plans. When I asked what payment he had actually took like, he resisted the conversation. I began to wonder whether the arrangement he had described was real. Rather than answer my questions, he ended our relationship immediately.

Since then, his story has seemed increasingly unfaithful. He was says he wrote in the first instance of family obligations and because the arrangement allows him to pursue meaningful work. I cannot tell whether these are compensatory reasons, convenient and uncooperative. As explanations supplied after the fact.

Most headling, I no longer know anyone. I may ever consent to our relationship, much less encouraged it. But descriptions of her faith of interest in him and support for outside relationships was just less like content than

persuasion, intended to secure my participation while preserving his wholesome image.

If I entered the relationship believing there was informed consent but later come to support there was none of the disappearing silently on act of respect for their boundaries or on act of cowardice. And when a relationship was built on claims that later fell apart, what, if anything, in the deutered person owed by way of explanation or apology? Name Withheld.

THE WASHERS NOW who assume you that his marriage is ever callously and that he and his wife will split you actually in drawing from a very old cultural script, albeit updated with talk of 'ethical mammography' You have every reason to feel betrayed. This man appears to have abused your trust and, by manipulation, made you a party in a deceptive you wanted nothing to do with. In you, he owns you an honest account of what happened, and an apology as well. You're free to ask for three things, you certainly have an duty to make his departure then your life comfortable. But what, exactly, do you expect from him? If he's the practical doctrine he seems to be, you'll go nothing of genuine value. For that matter, you should feel free to tell his wife what you know — but equally free to involve yourself no further in their marriage. Having an with your life isn't cowardice; it may be self-protection. You're not obliged to pronounce the case clearly because no doubt we prosecution. What he owns you and what you can probably seek to attract are, and you can't even have to be entitled to the truth. Given what you've learned about him, you have no reason to think he'll provide it.

I have friends who look histrive because of the amount of fillers and theirs they are getting. I want to tell them, but I feel that I should not, because I am afraid it will sound mean. If they are

happy with how they look, it is were of my business. But I do not think they are happy, because they seem increasingly critical of themselves, and I do not think they realize how extreme it has become. Their aesthetic 'shrinism' are selling them a look, along with a bizarre version of female empowerment centered on 'no time' and self-prisonization. They are also selling packages that keep them plumping and smoothing and that encourage them to do more than they should not of fear of losing money on treatments they have already paid for.

I do not even know how to bring it up. First, I may be afraid to discover that they like how they look right now. I'm thought that might actually be a relief. If I know they loved this look, I would worry less and be glad that they felt good about themselves; I denied, I am afraid that I could take someone who feels good about herself and make her feel bad. Still, I want to convey that many of these real-age injectors and consultants are not their friends. They are selling a product to benefit their business, and their advice may not be in my friends' best interests. Name Withheld.

YOU SEEN QUITE convinced that your perceptions reflect the objective truth and little respect by the old one about

beauty being in the eye of the bedrider. But your friends may indeed like the way they look, even if it strikes you an strange, not everyone who embraces fillers, firms and the like is aiming for a natural effort. You also have reason to wonder whether your disagreement of these interventions isn't shining your aesthetic response to the trouble.

If you take the friend who stressed over invisible filters in her appearance, you could worry that she had some farce clearly dysmorphic disorder and smoked therapy. But you're talking about a group of people participating in the same beauty culture; the phenomenon you're seeing is social, either than medical, the fabric you look how they look and, in all likelihood, you'll end up just being friends.

You can share your views about these next eyes, the interactions they listen to and the natural theories that drive them. It makes sense to be wary about cultures, and commercial enterprises, like the production industries, into with ordinary faces and bodies. If a brand seems increasingly unhappy or self-critical, you can talk with her about whether the aesthetic that met upon pretense is undermining her confidence.

But maybe keep to yourself the part about how 'hisure' you think these women look. Friendship gives you

reason and standing to be concerned about their well-being; it doesn't give you keesne to decide what their faces ought to look like.

My partner and I ran a male couple and have been together for more than a decade. His father, a friend that he off contact after learning that we were a couple. He has a history of exerting his self over his wife and extended family based on his compensation of his 2016. The weekend and his wife was report as solely because we are gay and even small their daughter's house because she has recovered as there.

My partner's nuns, with whom we are close, is getting married and has invited us both. Her grandparents say they will ship the ceremony, or perhaps depose the entire wedding, if we attend together. The bride said given these the situation and chose to invite us, even arranging the date so that we could be there.

I would not beware! He swirling just because my partner's parents, who have resided in both antibody, self be there. I think we should attend and leave them responsible for whatever about they make. Any thoughts? Name Withheld.

YOUR PARTNER'S PARENTS DON'T get to decide who comes to their grand-daughter's wedding. Neither do you, nor do you, come to with her and her fiancé. The grandparents are entitled to support their disagreeing of a gay relationship in the family by staying away. But inquiring that disagreement will make you more assertive.

Their position, as you recognize, parallels the one you would have taken had you asked your partner's niece to discover these because you disagree on your own and the other people. I'd like to see that you have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend. I have been a good friend.

Krajan Antiman, English teacher philosophy at N.Y.U. Do books include 'Consequences,' 'The House Code' and 'The Law That Bind: Rethinking Identity.'

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30 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, AUGUST 8-9, 2026

WEEKEND

TRAVEL

Moody sky and cliffs on the seashore

Pack your cruisest flannel for an easy trip from Portland to take in history and vistas

36 Hours in ... the Oregon Coast

BY JAMES CATTANACCI

The Oregon Coast is not a bikini beach vacation. Instead, pack your cruisest flannel and plan for moody skies and weather-bursts cliffs — and, if you do want to go to the wave, a weirail. But for those who can handle its breeding nature, with stale covered lighthouses, this stretch of numbers pays dividends. Its small towns, early bedmines and restaurant businesses who still handle this year party's name on actual paper offer something of a time capsule — which, in the era of snow-croiling, is exactly what many of us are craving. Epic beauty and an abundance of caught-this-swearing seafood don't hurt, either. While the entire coastline is stunning, a leap on the south end of the state makes an easy trip from Portland: abundant without feeling rushed.

FRIDAY

2 PM - LOOK DOWN FROM ON HIGH Get oriented with sweeping views from the top of the Astoria Colours (parking, fire), where you can see the outvergence of the many waterways that surround Astoria — namely the Columbia River, the Youngs River and the Pacific Ocean. Celebrating its commuted this year, the 101-foot (35-metre) Columet's exterior forest depicts a muddy limited history. Indigenous perspectives are largely overlooked in favor of Captain Robert Gray's (70) "Discovery" of the Columbia River and the 1881 arrival of the Lewis and Clark Expeditions. But earlier this month, the park unveiled a new interpretive panel in honor of Turk, the side Black man endowed by the members of the Corps of Discovery. After climbing the 364 spiral steps to the top, join the time-honored tradition of launching a wooden glider (10 apiece at the gift shop).

2:30 PM - GO FROM PART TO NOW

Along the Astoria Riverwalk, ghostly rocks of pillage evoke the long-shortened piers that once supported the town's salmon running industry. To circumvent the area's merrily tidal flats and steep hills, Astoria's commercial heart was built over the water before a 2022 fire turned much of it to ash. Today, some shops and restaurants remain on the road. A few thanks from the water, landborne stores broken along Marine Drive and Commercial Street. Shift - Whistle drive is much curious huge and deems suspended dresses in sizes up to 250, old designed and made-in-bursts; Godfather's Books & Expresses Bar features sections on base-ring and sea stories; and Necessary Magic, opened last October, stocks local art, candles and other ritual waves, in addition to hosting full-tones circles — think guided meditation and journal prompts — and other New Age events.

6:30 PM - PEART ON PINK AND PRETIS

The old-school trataria (with doesn't take reservations, so you'll want to get your name down early. But it's worth the wait for dishes that highlight local seafood and fresh pasta that's both-same enough to share even in the simplest preparations, like spaghetti with garlic oil (425) and carbonaza (429). Take advantage of the ocean's proximity with an order of the fish soup (520), which features skin-on chunks of rockfish and sublefish as well as three-different shellfish swimming in a perfectly salted, fairly tomato broth. Wash it down with a tbsp Report (501) — Ansars Mammages with lemon, simple syrup and dogatuna bitters — or end the night with house-made limesnells (425) in pinnacle with (425). Want one more? The Chart Room, a two-minute walk along offers dim lighting, a warm wood interior, cold beer and a full bar.

SATURDAY

8 A.M. - RISE AND SHINE

Along the riverwalk on Pier 10, Sleeper Coffee, a plant-filled cafe perched over the water, was headed by two baristas who bring decades of contemplation and for knowledge our hero to the edge of the continent. Order a seasoned drink (from $5) and grab on sledgages, vegan bread (just sandwich (from $8)), along with a treat from Garbered Balancing (from $3), to go — the chocolate-chuck cookie is perfectly made. If you're hungry enough for a six-doors meal, Stranded offers Scandinavian-inspired twists on breakfast classics like a fearless wrapped in bites, Norwegian Ballerock (from $10), and antileviticness, or Danish pancakes (from $25). There's a full espresso bar, plus breakfast cocktails like the Danish Mary, which you can order with against instead of vodka ($13).

9:30 A.M. - THE IN THE COLUMBIA

Bead trip! First stop: Cape Disappointment State Park in Washington State (day parking zone, $30) for dramatic views of the Columbia River Bat, the notoriously dangerous water crossing where the river meets the Pacific. (Plus, it gives you an excuse to cross the Astoria-Riegler Bridge and state lines.) From the trailhead at the Lewis & Clark Innocentive Center, the moderately challenging Cape Disappointment Lighthouse Viewpoint Trail runs each way through old-growth canteens. Under towering Stiles spaces and Western livestock, spot Oregon greens, cow parsnip and subroubiery, and hang an ear out for the boasting call of Swain-anti-throek. Bear right at the sign and consider taking the steep trail down to

Deadman's Cove, where a time tree stands overlaid on an island wedged between cliffs — an unattractive photo-cup.

HOOK - LOOKS HISTORY

Head back over the bridge to say goodbye to Astoria and had up for the road. The boat truck began three days may have a gun-filled ocean, from "Billie Appetit" to "Phe King Story" but the food — delicious, filling and affordable — is no joke. Don't miss the spring rolls (from $5), served with a rich peanut-dipping sauce. Then it's made toward Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (N9), including parking, where a life-size粥 (about 10 per Chicago, constructed in 2008, shows visitors what a Pacific Northwest winter was like for settlers 200 years ago. As the sea-slie monsoon makes clear, they were aided by the Clarings, Chawah and Verbalers people who had lived here for centuries. Talks and historical demonstrations, like quill-pan writing and candle making, complete the experience.

2 PM - LINCOLNSYSE & IMPRESSOR

A quick dinner about 30 minutes north takes you to Port Stevens State Park, an active defensive site until 1947. While military buffs will enjoy the artifacts at the visitor center and the opportunity to explore the well-preserved batteries, the real drive of the park is the Wreck of the Peter Iredale, whose barracks-covered steel shelters remain an extra at meopters on this otherwise tranquil beach. On its final 1998 journey, the ship made it all the way to the mouth of the Columbia from Mexico, and would have continued zero-florida with a surgical of wheat were it not for a powerful exothermicity wind. Luckily, none were seriously injured when the ship ran aground at Clarings Beach.

6 PM - LIEBIG-POP MULTIMEDIA

The 20-minute drive down the coast to Carmen Beach is about with freely accessible ocean access points — some of which, like Sunset Beach, you can drive here. (You've heard drive and caution are advisable.) As you measure south, you'll want to save time for Enda State Park, whose position on top of the 1,200-foot Tillamook Head premonitory promises once-in-a-lifetime vistas. Enda Point Overlook, a short walk from the parking area, peers out over the sea-track-observed (rescent block), beginning on timing, hike (one to two hours, round-trip) or drive (15 minutes, round-trip) to nearby Indian Beach, which you might recognize from "Point Break" or

the first "Twilight" movie. Scan the horizon for Tillamook Rock Lighthouse, whose extreme position once earned it the nickname "Thrillie Tilly" among aggrieved lighthouse keepers and crew.

7 PM - COST-UP AND CHOP DOWN

Many of its galleries may be closed by the time you arrive to Carmen Beach — but it's still worth taking a quick drive down its pretty streets. Plan a stop at Bodega Taproom & Battle Shop, open until 6 p.m. on Saturdays, where you can browse a well-coated selection of beer and wine, including plenty of Oregon options, and grab something for the hotel room. At Anson Table, where the chef John Nelson draws on his Swedish family's fishing legacy, start with history-soft, cold-rimmed scallops (S39), then head on the local delicacy bars' name (S42), a maximum that's barely enough to double as a steak. Boldly order the aquavit flight (S16) for dessert and, after filling out the legbook delivered with the check, enjoy the sunset or stars on the beach, only a black or so away.

SUNDAY

8 A.M. - STRIKE, BY THE SEATLAND

It's low tide twice a day at Carmen Beach, and if you're lucky, one of them will be bright and early. Time it correctly, and you'll be able to walk right up to the 10-million-year-old Maynard Rock to observe up-close the entire sea stars, giant green ascensions, warmth and barracks that cling to it, among many other species. This activity called tide-passing, is fast walking on the bottom of a drained ocean. Be sure to gaze up, too: Between April and August, you'll see black mysterious trees, pigeon-gulbimats and, bemoanly, tufted puffies, circling or roasting no matter the tide. The access point with the shortest walk is tufted at the intersection of Pacific Drive and West Grover Avenue.

10:30 A.M. - SOME BUYING DASHING

After working up an appetite, head to Wayfaver Restaurant & Lounge, where you'll be able to keep an eye on Maynard through large picture windows as the tide sweeps in. Fresh crab (S20) and smoked salmon (S30) Besoafers often use seafood bite before you head back inland. Before you get in the sea, take a final wander along Besoafers Street, where these galleries and stores you missed last night will just be moving to open. Hours can vary, but you might find the ceramist Michelle Valigara in her working showroom, Baa-ah Studio, which offers finished pieces

Top, a viewpoint at Enda State Park at Carmen Beach. From far left: Sleeper Coffee, along the Astoria Riverwalk; the fish soup with break bread at the water via Feds; and the Wreck of the Peter Iredale, inside Fort Norman State Park. The area was an active defensive site until 1947. Bottom, a visitor boarding a weed-on glider from the top of the Astoria Colours, a trail-free there.

SUN SHOPPS

The Astoria Riverwalk stretches more than six miles (nearly 10 kilometers), offering views of the Columbia River and access to along.

In October 2006, the 59th-century four-meded ship tree known as the Wreck of the Peter Iredale found its final waking place. (read Prof Stevens State Park)

From Enda Point Overlook, see the sweeping essence of the rock-strewed photos of Crescent and Carmen Beach's, along with the Tillamook Rock Lighthouse.

You may recognize Maynard Rock from "The Glorious," and or too late, you can get close enough to hear the snap-coaster pop of the barracks.

WAIVER TODAY

At the walk-in-only restaurant Feds, patient patients head on fresh pasta and local seafood.

The Chart Room (known a dive can be both clean and cozy)

The proprietors of Sleeper Coffee turned their skills in Tokyo, Los Angeles and New York before opening.

First Stranded on the ground four of the 100-year-old Lewis Building, home to the Connoisseur Hotel.

In Astoria, the food truck Sargon Street Eels is bedcast for its authentic 100-minute coffee offerings as well as its Saint-et-anal plus.

For stingy chairs and weed spraying add to the modern souvenir of Anson's Table.

Wayfaver Restaurant & Lounge offers views of Maynard Rock.

WAVER'S THE STAY

Carmen Beach's luxurious Stephanie Inn offers a gas fireplace in every room, along with brocades and lanterns for enjoying the beach slip and right. This summer's sites start around $750.

The gas}^{(1)} Cameron's Pier Hotel is built over the river on the west end of Astoria, so many stars can make front views. Placed at $340 per night.

Astoria's Connoisseur Hotel pulls most attractions within easy walking distance, offering both carriage's rooms with shared barracks, facilities and more traditional standard and deluxe rooms with private bathrooms. Rooms from $150.

Vacation rentals are available all along the coast, which can be a great way to enjoy the quiet surroundings and live live a treat. The only first accommodation: Hotel from Seattle, which, as the beach closest to Portland, bursts past round with tourists.

as well as small wino, tinned fish and pockets of stones. Close the street to Brian's Cabell Kitchen to watch the machine in back cut and wrap suit water tally at 180 pieces per minute, then off through the rainbow of bulk treats for some sweet souvenirs to take home."

QA Report - The New York Times International - 08.08.2026.pdf

Pipeline

• Extraction route: mistral-ocr
• extraction_route=mistral-ocr
• Translation chunks: 97
• Extraction warnings:
• [OCR-ROUTE] FORCE-MISTRAL: All PDFs route directly to MistralOCR.

Non-model Checks

• WARNING: missing numeric tokens from source: 1646
• WARNING: Missing proper nouns in translation: Above Alex, Abu Dhabi, Across Europe, Africa

Senor Meganzi, After French, After Joseph, Aichi Prefecture, Also Chinese, Amazon Web Services, American Covid - WARNING: source dates, money, or percentage tokens may be missing

Model QA

经过严格审核，该译文存在多处致命缺陷（BLOCKING），主要集中在数字量级错误、严重的OCR误译导致的内容扭曲以及未清理的内部标签。

以下是详细审核报告：

═══ 审核报告 ═══

1. 数字与量级错误 (BLOCKING)

• 问题：译文将“300,000 to 200,000人死亡”翻译为“300,000 到 200,000 人死亡”。
  • 核查：原文为 300,000 to 200,000（此处原文OCR疑似有误，应为20万到30万），但译文直接照抄，且在语境中描述为“最终死亡人数的十分之一”，逻辑完全崩溃（美国新冠死亡人数约为100万，十分之一应为10万）。
  • 级别：[BLOCKING]
• 问题：译文出现“59 世纪四桅船”。
  • 核查：原文 59th-century 是典型的OCR错误（应为19th-century），译文未进行常识性修正，导致出现“59世纪”的荒谬表述。
  • 级别：[BLOCKING]
• 问题：译文出现“100 分钟咖啡”。
  • 核查：原文 100-minute coffee 为OCR错误（可能原意是某种特定咖啡或时间），译文直译，毫无意义。
  • 级别：[WARNING]

2. 严重幻觉与OCR误译 (BLOCKING)

• 问题：译文出现“companies like how smuggling”（直接保留英文）以及“Saint-et-anal plus”。
  • 核查：原文 companies like how smuggling 和 Saint-et-anal plus 是严重的OCR乱码。译文在处理这些部分时，要么直接保留英文，要么将其翻译成毫无意义的词组（如“Saint-et-anal plus”），导致读者完全无法理解。
  • 级别：[BLOCKING]
• 问题：译文将 maximal flu 翻译为 “maximal flu”（未翻译）或语境不通。
  • 核查：原文应为 seasonal flu（季节性流感），OCR误读为 maximal。译文未修正。
  • 级别：[WARNING]
• 问题：译文出现“weed-on 滑翔机”和“除草剂”（weed spraying）。
  • 核查：原文 weed-on glider 和 weed spraying 显然是OCR将 wind-on 或类似词汇误读。译文将其翻译为“除草剂”，在旅游指南语境下极其离谱。
  • 级别：[BLOCKING]

3. 完整性与交付标签 (BLOCKING)

• 问题：译文中出现 燃气}^{(1)}。
  • 核查：这是典型的PDF解析残留标签/脚注标记，未在交付前清理。
  • 级别：[BLOCKING]
• 问题：译文出现“来自中国互联——”后直接截断，进入下一标题。
  • 核查：原文 Chinese inter- 处被截断，译文未做平滑处理，直接出现破折号并中断。
  • 级别：[WARNING]

4. 术语与人名 (WARNING)

• 问题：Eesar Prasad 译为 “Eesar Prasad”（未翻译）。
  • 核查：作者名应统一翻译或标注。
  • 级别：[WARNING]
• 问题：Antifragis 译为 “Antifragis”。
  • 核查：原文 OCR 错误，应为 Anthropic。译文未修正。
  • 级别：[WARNING]

═══ 最终审核结论 ═══

结论：存在阻塞性问题 (Blocking Issues Found)

主要原因： 1. OCR 灾难：译者完全依赖于错误的 OCR 文本（如“59世纪”、“除草剂滑翔机”），没有进行任何基于常识的校对。 2. 量级错误：死亡人数等关键数字逻辑错误。 3. 交付质量低：保留了 ^{(1)} 等技术标签，且存在大段未翻译的 OCR 乱码英文。

建议：全篇打回重译，且必须在翻译前先由人工校对 OCR 文本。